{"title":"Active Angiogenesis \u0026 Growth-Factor Proteins (Human)","description":"\u003cp\u003eFunctional-grade recombinant human growth-factor and angiogenesis proteins — each labelled \u003cstrong\u003eActive\u003c\/strong\u003e with a stated endotoxin value (\u0026lt;1 EU\/µg) and a defined expression system on the page. Includes VEGF-A, TGF-β, IGF, PDGF-family and related tumor-vasculature ligands and receptors for cell-based and functional assays.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"recombinant-human-sparc-protein-sparc-partial-active-bhp10506029","title":"Recombinant Human SPARC protein (SPARC), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eSPARC\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in E.Coli (region 18-303aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 18-303aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.Coli (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Basement-membrane protein 40, Osteonectin, ON, Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine,. Appears to regulate cell growth through interactions with the extracellular matrix and cytokines. Binds calcium and copper, several types of collagen, albumin, thrombospondin, PDGF and cell membranes. There are two calcium binding sites; an acidic domain that binds 5 to 8 Ca(2+) with a low affinity and an EF-hand loop that binds a Ca(2+) ion with a high affinity.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eAppears to regulate cell growth through interactions with the extracellular matrix and cytokines. Binds calcium and copper, several types of collagen, albumin, thrombospondin, PDGF and cell membranes. There are two calcium binding sites; an acidic domain that binds 5 to 8 Ca(2+) with a low affinity and an EF-hand loop that binds a Ca(2+) ion with a high affinity.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving SPARC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding and specificity benchmarking for detection reagents (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P09486 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P09486 - NCBI Gene search: SPARC — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=SPARC - Ensembl search: SPARC — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=SPARC - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053374497133,"sku":"CSB-AP000301HU-500UG","price":1308.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53053468606829,"sku":"CSB-AP000301HU-100UG","price":584.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 ug","offer_id":53053468639597,"sku":"CSB-AP000301HU-10UG","price":142.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP000301HU.jpg?v=1772177531"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-pro-epidermal-growth-factor-egf-partial-active-bhp10506100","title":"Recombinant Human Pro-epidermal growth factor (EGF), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eEGF\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in E.coli (region 971-1023aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 971-1023aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Pro-Epidermal Growth Factor; EGF; Epidermal Growth Factor; Urogastrone. EGF stimulates the growth of various epidermal and epithelial tissues in vivo and in vitro and of some fibroblasts in cell culture. Magnesiotropic hormone that stimulates magnesium reabsorption in the renal distal convoluted tubule via engagement of EGFR and activation of the magnesium channel TRPM6. Can induce neurite outgrowth in motoneurons of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis in vitro.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eEpidermal growth factor (EGF) is a small 53 amino acid residue long protein that contains three disulfide bridges. It is a small mitogenic protein that is thought to be involved in mechanisms such as normal cell growth, oncogenesis, and wound healing. EGF stimulates the growth of various epidermal and epithelial tissues in vivo and in vitro and of some fibroblasts in cell culture. This protein shows both strong sequential and functional homology with human type-alpha transforming growth factor (hTGF alpha), which is a competitor for EGF receptor sites.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving EGF\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P01133 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P01133 - NCBI Gene search: EGF — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=EGF - Ensembl search: EGF — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=EGF - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053374857581,"sku":"CSB-AP003711HU-1MG","price":270.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053469327725,"sku":"CSB-AP003711HU-500UG","price":190.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053469360493,"sku":"CSB-AP003711HU-50UG","price":96.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP003711HU.jpg?v=1772177535"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-a-protein-vegfa-partial-active-bhp10506027","title":"Recombinant Human Vascular endothelial growth factor A protein (VEGFA), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eVEGFA\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Yeast (region 27-191aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 27-191aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Yeast (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as VEGF-A, VPF. Growth factor active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth. Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of blood vessels. Binds to the FLT1\/VEGFR1 and KDR\/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin. NRP1\/Neuropilin-1 binds isoforms VEGF-165 and VEGF-145. Isoform VEGF165B binds to KDR but does not activate downstream signaling pathways, does not activate angiogenesis and inhibits tumor growth. Binding to NRP1 receptor initiates a signaling pathway needed for motor neuron axon guidance and cell body migration, including for the caudal migration of facial motor neurons from rhombomere 4 to rhombomere 6 during embryonic development (By similarity).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eGrowth factor active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth. Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of blood vessels. Binds to the FLT1\/VEGFR1 and KDR\/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin. NRP1\/Neuropilin-1 binds isoforms VEGF-165 and VEGF-145. Isoform VEGF165B binds to KDR but does not activate downstream signaling pathways, does not activate angiogenesis and inhibits tumor growth. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11427521, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16489009}.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving VEGFA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P15692 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P15692 - NCBI Gene search: VEGFA — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=VEGFA - Ensembl search: VEGFA — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=VEGFA - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053375512941,"sku":"CSB-AP002591HU-500UG","price":3402.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53053468311917,"sku":"CSB-AP002591HU-100UG","price":1516.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 ug","offer_id":53053468344685,"sku":"CSB-AP002591HU-10UG","price":354.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP002591HU.jpg?v=1772177532"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-placenta-growth-factor-protein-pgf-active-bhp10506028","title":"Recombinant Human Placenta growth factor protein (PGF) (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003ePGF\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in E.Coli (region 19-170aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 19-170aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.Coli (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as PlGF,. Growth factor active in angiogenesis and endothelial cell growth, stimulating their proliferation and migration. It binds to the receptor FLT1\/VEGFR-1. Isoform PlGF-2 binds NRP1\/neuropilin-1 and NRP2\/neuropilin-2 in a heparin-dependent manner. Also promotes cell tumor growth.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eGrowth factor active in angiogenesis and endothelial cell growth, stimulating their proliferation and migration. It binds to the receptor FLT1\/VEGFR-1. Isoform PlGF-2 binds NRP1\/neuropilin-1 and NRP2\/neuropilin-2 in a heparin-dependent manner. Also promotes cell tumor growth. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21215706}.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving PGF\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P49763 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P49763 - NCBI Gene search: PGF — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=PGF - Ensembl search: PGF — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=PGF - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053375807853,"sku":"CSB-AP002731HU-500UG","price":2618.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53053468737901,"sku":"CSB-AP002731HU-100UG","price":1166.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 ug","offer_id":53053468770669,"sku":"CSB-AP002731HU-5UG","price":142.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP002731HU.jpg?v=1772177533"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-inhibin-beta-a-chain-inhba-active-bhp10506120","title":"Recombinant Human Inhibin beta A chain (INHBA) (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eINHBA\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 311-426aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 311-426aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Inhibin beta A chain;INHBA;Activin A. Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. Inhibins\/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Inhibins appear to oppose the functions of activins.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eActivin and inhibin are two closely related protein complexes that have almost directly opposite biological effects. Activins, members of the TGF-beta superfamily, are disulfide-linked dimeric proteins originally purified from gonadal fluids as proteins that stimulated pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) release. Inhibins\/activins are involved in regulating a number of diverse functions such as hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion, gonadal hormone secretion, germ cell development and maturation, erythroid differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic axial development or bone growth, depending on their subunit composition. Activins are homodimers or heterodimers of the various beta subunit isoforms, while inhibins are heterodimers of a unique alpha subunit and one of the various beta subunits.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving INHBA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P08476 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P08476 - NCBI Gene search: INHBA — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=INHBA - Ensembl search: INHBA — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=INHBA - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053376332141,"sku":"CSB-AP004011HU-1MG","price":6186.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053470540141,"sku":"CSB-AP004011HU-500UG","price":4330.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053470572909,"sku":"CSB-AP004011HU-50UG","price":850.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP004011HU.jpg?v=1772177535"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-tumor-necrosis-factor-receptor-superfamily-member-9-tnfrsf9-partial-active-bhp10506140","title":"Recombinant Human Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 (TNFRSF9), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eTNFRSF9\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 24-186aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 24-186aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e His (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as CD137; ILA; TNFRSF9; 4-1BB ligand receptor; CDw137; T-cell antigen 4-1BB homolog; T-cell antigen ILA. Receptor for TNFSF9\/4-1BBL. Possibly active during T cell activation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eTumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9(TNFRSF9), also known as CD137 and 4-1BB, is an inducible T cell surface protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. It is a single-pass type I membrane protein which contains 4 TNFR-Cys repeats. The human and mouse proteins share 60% amino acid sequence identity. CD137 is expressed by mesenchymal cells, including endothelial cells, chondrocytes, and cells of the central nervous system. CD137 is also broadly expressed by cells of the human immune system, is broadly expressed by cells of the human immune system, including activated CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, activated natural killer (NK) cells, follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and monocytes. CD137 has diverse roles in the immune response, the one key function is to promote the survival of both T cells and dendritic cells by binding the cognate ligand CD137L (4-1BBL).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving TNFRSF9\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB Q07011 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q07011 - NCBI Gene search: TNFRSF9 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TNFRSF9 - Ensembl search: TNFRSF9 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TNFRSF9 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053376364909,"sku":"CSB-AP005141HU-1MG","price":3674.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053471981933,"sku":"CSB-AP005141HU-500UG","price":2320.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053472014701,"sku":"CSB-AP005141HU-50UG","price":348.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP005141HU.jpg?v=1772177538"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-fibroblast-growth-factor-4-fgf4-partial-active-bhp10506138","title":"Recombinant Human Fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eFGF4\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in E.coli (region 54-206aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 54-206aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Fibroblast growth factor 4; FGF-4; Heparin secretory-transforming protein 1; HST; HST-1; HSTF-1; Heparin-binding growth factor 4; HBGF-4; Transforming protein KS3; FGF4; HST; HSTF1; KS3. Plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation. Required for normal limb and cardiac valve development during embryogenesis.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eFibroblast growth factor 4(FGF-4) is a heparin binding member of the FGF family. The human FGF4 cDNA encodes 206 amino acids (aa) with a 33 aa signal sequence and a 173 aa mature protein with an FGF homology domain that contains a heparin binding region near the C-terminus. Mature human FGF4 shares 91%, 82%, 94% and 91% aa identity with mouse, rat, canine and bovine FGF4, respectively. Human FGF-4 has been shown to exhibit cross species activity. Expression of FGF-4 and its receptors, FGF R1c, 2c, 3c and 4, is spatially and temporally regulated during embryonic development. FGF-4 is proposed to play a physiologically relevant role in human embryonic stem cell selfrenewal. It promotes stem cell proliferation, but may also aid differentiation depending on context and concentration, and is often included in embryonic stem cell media in vitro. FGF-4 is mitogenic for fibroblasts and endothelial cells in vitro and has autocrine transforming potential. It is a potent angiogenesis promoter in vivo and has been investigated as therapy for coronary artery disease.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving FGF4\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P08620 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P08620 - NCBI Gene search: FGF4 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=FGF4 - Ensembl search: FGF4 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=FGF4 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053376430445,"sku":"CSB-AP003981HU-1MG","price":3480.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053471326573,"sku":"CSB-AP003981HU-500UG","price":2436.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053471359341,"sku":"CSB-AP003981HU-50UG","price":610.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP003981HU.jpg?v=1772177536"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-receptor-1-flt1-partial-active-bhp10506153","title":"Recombinant Human Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (FLT1), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eFLT1\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 27-756aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 27-756aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e His (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1; EC:2.7.10.1; VEGFR-1; Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT-1); Tyrosine-protein kinase FRT; Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor FLT (FLT); Vascular permeability factor receptor. Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for VEGFA, VEGFB and PGF, and plays an essential role in the development of embryonic vasculature, the regulation of angiogenesis, cell survival, cell migration, macrophage function, chemotaxis, and cancer cell invasion. Acts as a positive regulator of postnatal retinal hyaloid vessel regression. May play an essential role as a negative regulator of embryonic angiogenesis by inhibiting excessive proliferation of endothelial cells. Can promote endothelial cell proliferation, survival and angiogenesis in adulthood. Its function in promoting cell proliferation seems to be cell-type specific. Promotes PGF-mediated proliferation of endothelial cells, proliferation of some types of cancer cells, but does not promote proliferation of normal fibroblasts (in vitro). Has very high affinity for VEGFA and relatively low protein kinase activity; may function as a negative regulator of VEGFA signaling by limiting the amount of free VEGFA and preventing its binding to KDR. Modulates KDR signaling by forming heterodimers with KDR. Ligand binding leads to the activation of several signaling cascades. Activation of PLCG leads to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and the activation of protein kinase C. Mediates phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, leading to activation of phosphatidylinositol kinase and the downstream signaling pathway. Mediates activation of MAPK1\/ERK2, MAPK3\/ERK1 and the MAP kinase signaling pathway, as well as of the AKT1 signaling pathway. Phosphorylates SRC and YES1, and may also phosphorylate CBL. Promotes phosphorylation of AKT1 at 'Ser-473'. Promotes phosphorylation of PTK2\/FAK1.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eActivity assay development for kinetics, substrate scope, and inhibitor\/activator profiling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eTyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for VEGFA, VEGFB and PGF, and plays an essential role in the development of embryonic vasculature, the regulation of angiogenesis, cell survival, cell migration, macrophage function, chemotaxis, and cancer cell invasion. Acts as a positive regulator of postnatal retinal hyaloid vessel regression. May play an essential role as a negative regulator of embryonic angiogenesis by inhibiting excessive proliferation of endothelial cells. Can promote endothelial cell proliferation, survival and angiogenesis in adulthood. Its function in promoting cell proliferation seems to be cell-type specific. Promotes PGF-mediated proliferation of endothelial cells, proliferation of some types of cancer cells, but does not promote proliferation of normal fibroblasts (in vitro). Has very high affinity for VEGFA and relatively low protein kinase activity; may function as a negative regulator of VEGFA signaling by limiting the amount of free VEGFA and preventing its binding to KDR. Modulates KDR signaling by forming heterodimers with KDR. Ligand binding leads to the activation of several signaling cascades. Activation of PLCG leads to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and the activation of protein kinase C. Mediates phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, leading to activation of phosphatidylinositol kinase and the downstream signaling pathway. Mediates activation of MAPK1\/ERK2, MAPK3\/ERK1 and the MAP kinase signaling pathway, as well as of the AKT1 signaling pathway. Phosphorylates SRC and YES1, and may also phosphorylate CBL. Promotes phosphorylation of AKT1 at 'Ser-473'. Promotes phosphorylation of PTK2\/FAK1.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving FLT1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P17948 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P17948 - NCBI Gene search: FLT1 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=FLT1 - Ensembl search: FLT1 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=FLT1 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053376823661,"sku":"CSB-MP008732HU-1MG","price":2058.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53053473194349,"sku":"CSB-MP008732HU-100UG","price":312.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20 ug","offer_id":53053473227117,"sku":"CSB-MP008732HU-20UG","price":126.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-MP008732HU-SDS.jpg?v=1772177537"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-nkg2-d-type-ii-integral-membrane-protein-klrk1-partial-active-bhp10506152","title":"Recombinant Human NKG2-D type II integral membrane protein (KLRK1), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eKLRK1\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 78-216aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 78-216aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e hFc1-tag (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily K member 1 (NK cell receptor D) (NKG2-D-activating NK receptor) (CD314). Function as an activating and costimulatory receptor involved in immunosurveillance upon binding to various cellular stress-inducible ligands displayed at the surface of autologous tumor cells and virus-infected cells. Provides both stimulatory and costimulatory innate immune responses on activated killer (NK) cells, leading to cytotoxic activity. Acts as a costimulatory receptor for T-cell receptor (TCR) in CD8+ T-cell-mediated adaptive immune responses by amplifying T-cell activation. Stimulates perforin-mediated elimination of ligand-expressing tumor cells. Signaling involves calcium influx, culminating in the expression of TNF-alpha. Participates in NK cell-mediated bone marrow graft rejection. May play a regulatory role in differentiation and survival of NK cells. Binds to ligands belonging to various subfamilies of MHC class I-related glycoproteins including MICA, MICB, RAET1E, RAET1G, RAET1L\/ULBP6, ULBP1, ULBP2, ULBP3 (ULBP2\u0026gt;ULBP1\u0026gt;ULBP3) and ULBP4.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eFunction as an activating and costimulatory receptor involved in immunosurveillance upon binding to various cellular stress-inducible ligands displayed at the surface of autologous tumor cells and virus-infected cells. Provides both stimulatory and costimulatory innate immune responses on activated killer (NK) cells, leading to cytotoxic activity. Acts as a costimulatory receptor for T-cell receptor (TCR) in CD8+ T-cell-mediated adaptive immune responses by amplifying T-cell activation. Stimulates perforin-mediated elimination of ligand-expressing tumor cells. Signaling involves calcium influx, culminating in the expression of TNF-alpha. Participates in NK cell-mediated bone marrow graft rejection. May play a regulatory role in differentiation and survival of NK cells. Binds to ligands belonging to various subfamilies of MHC class I-related glycoproteins including MICA, MICB, RAET1E, RAET1G, RAET1L\/ULBP6, ULBP1, ULBP2, ULBP3 (ULBP2\u0026gt;ULBP1\u0026gt;ULBP3) and ULBP4.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving KLRK1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P26718 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P26718 - NCBI Gene search: KLRK1 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=KLRK1 - Ensembl search: KLRK1 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=KLRK1 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053377053037,"sku":"CSB-MP012474HU1-1MG","price":2244.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53053472178541,"sku":"CSB-MP012474HU1-100UG","price":308.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20 ug","offer_id":53053472211309,"sku":"CSB-MP012474HU1-20UG","price":124.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-MP012474HU1-SDS.jpg?v=1772177538"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-fibroblast-growth-factor-2-fgf2-partial-active-bhp10506186","title":"Recombinant Human Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eFGF2\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in E.coli (region 134-288aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 134-288aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Fibroblast growth factor 2;FGF-2;Basic fibroblast growth factor;Bfgf;Heparin-binding growth factor 2;HBGF-2;FGF2;FGFB. Plays an important role in the regulation of cell survival, cell division, angiogenesis, cell differentiation and cell migration. Functions as potent mitogen in vitro. Can induce angiogenesis.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eActivity assay development for kinetics, substrate scope, and inhibitor\/activator profiling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eFibroblast growth factor 2(FGF2) is a secreted protein and belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. FGF2 is produced by epithelial, tumor and other cell types. It involved in developmental processes and regulates differentiation, proliferation, and migration, FGF2 is a critical factor for growing embryonic stem cells in culture without inducing differentiation. FGF2 has a high affinity for heparan sulfate and binding is a step in the FGF basic activation of FGFR tyrosine kinase.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving FGF2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P09038 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P09038 - NCBI Gene search: FGF2 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=FGF2 - Ensembl search: FGF2 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=FGF2 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053377479021,"sku":"CSB-AP003831HU-1MG","price":4254.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053474898285,"sku":"CSB-AP003831HU-500UG","price":2978.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053474931053,"sku":"CSB-AP003831HU-50UG","price":610.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP003831HU.jpg?v=1772177543"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-tumor-necrosis-factor-tnf-partial-active-bhp10506306","title":"Recombinant Human Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eTNF\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Yeast (region 77-233aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 77-233aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Yeast (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e His (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Cachectin TNF-alpha Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2. Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A\/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B\/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T-cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Upregulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which dephosphorylates the key 'Ser-418' residue of FOXP3, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and rendering Treg cells functionally defective (PubMed:23396208). Key mediator of cell death in the anticancer action of BCG-stimulated neutrophils in combination with DIABLO\/SMAC mimetic in the RT4v6 bladder cancer cell line (PubMed:22517918).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eActivity assay development for kinetics, substrate scope, and inhibitor\/activator profiling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eCytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A\/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B\/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T-cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Upregulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which dephosphorylates the key 'Ser-418' residue of FOXP3, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and rendering Treg cells functionally defective (PubMed:23396208). Key mediator of cell death in the anticancer action of BCG-stimulated neutrophils in combination with DIABLO\/SMAC mimetic in the RT4v6 bladder cancer cell line (PubMed:22517918).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving TNF\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P01375 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P01375 - NCBI Gene search: TNF — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TNF - Ensembl search: TNF — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TNF - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053380133229,"sku":"CSB-YP023955HU-1MG","price":2310.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53053482893677,"sku":"CSB-YP023955HU-100UG","price":516.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20 ug","offer_id":53053482926445,"sku":"CSB-YP023955HU-20UG","price":276.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-YP023955HU-SDS.jpg?v=1772177553"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-activin-receptor-type-2b-acvr2b-partial-active-bhp10506288","title":"Recombinant Human Activin receptor type-2B (ACVR2B), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eACVR2B\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 19-134aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 19-134aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e His, Fc (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Activin Receptor Type-2B; Activin Receptor Type IIB; ACTR-IIB; ACVR2B. Transmembrane serine\/threonine kinase activin type-2 receptor forming an activin receptor complex with activin type-1 serine\/threonine kinase receptors (ACVR1, ACVR1B or ACVR1c). Transduces the activin signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and is thus regulating many physiological and pathological processes including neuronal differentiation and neuronal survival, hair follicle development and cycling, FSH production by the pituitary gland, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression and carcinogenesis. Activin is also thought to have a paracrine or autocrine role in follicular development in the ovary. Within the receptor complex, the type-2 receptors act as a primary activin receptors (binds activin-A\/INHBA, activin-B\/INHBB as well as inhibin-A\/INHA-INHBA). The type-1 receptors like ACVR1B act as downstream transducers of activin signals. Activin binds to type-2 receptor at the plasma membrane and activates its serine-threonine kinase. The activated receptor type-2 then phosphorylates and activates the type-1 receptor. Once activated, the type-1 receptor binds and phosphorylates the SMAD proteins SMAD2 and SMAD3, on serine residues of the C-terminal tail. Soon after their association with the activin receptor and subsequent phosphorylation, SMAD2 and SMAD3 are released into the cytoplasm where they interact with the common partner SMAD4. This SMAD complex translocates into the nucleus where it mediates activin-induced transcription. Inhibitory SMAD7, which is recruited to ACVR1B through FKBP1A, can prevent the association of SMAD2 and SMAD3 with the activin receptor complex, thereby blocking the activin signal. Activin signal transduction is also antagonized by the binding to the receptor of inhibin-B via the IGSF1 inhibin coreceptor.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eActivity assay development for kinetics, substrate scope, and inhibitor\/activator profiling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eActivin proteins that belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily, exert their biological actions by binding to heteromeric receptor complexes of type I and type II serine\/threonine kinase receptors. On ligand binding, type I and II receptors form a stable complex, resulting in phosphorylation of type I receptors by type II receptors with constitutive kinase activity, and subsequently initiates the activation of downstream molecules including the endogenous Smads. ActRIIB, also known as ActRIIB, is a type II receptor containing an extracellular domain (ECD), a transmembrane segment, and a cytoplasmic region that includes the kinase domain. ActRIIB is a receptor for activin A, activin B and inhibin A. Multiple ActRIIB isoforms can also be generated, which bind activin isoforms with different affinities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving ACVR2B\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB Q13705 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q13705 - NCBI Gene search: ACVR2B — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=ACVR2B - Ensembl search: ACVR2B — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=ACVR2B - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053380165997,"sku":"CSB-AP005701HU-1MG","price":3094.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053482271085,"sku":"CSB-AP005701HU-500UG","price":2166.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053482303853,"sku":"CSB-AP005701HU-50UG","price":290.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP005701HU-SDS.jpg?v=1772177553"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-egfr-partial-active-bhp10506272","title":"Recombinant Human Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eEGFR\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 25-645aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 25-645aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e His, Myc (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Proto-oncogene c-ErbB-1 (Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-1 ) (ERBB) (ERBB1) (HER1). Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. Known ligands include EGF, TGFA\/TGF-alpha, amphiregulin, epigen\/EPGN, BTC\/betacellulin, epiregulin\/EREG and HBEGF\/heparin-binding EGF. Ligand binding triggers receptor homo- and\/or heterodimerization and autophosphorylation on key cytoplasmic residues. The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. Activates at least 4 major downstream signaling cascades including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, PI3 kinase-AKT, PLCgamma-PKC and STATs modules. May also activate the NF-kappa-B signaling cascade. Also directly phosphorylates other proteins like RGS16, activating its GTPase activity and probably coupling the EGF receptor signaling to the G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Also phosphorylates MUC1 and increases its interaction with SRC and CTNNB1\/beta-catenin. Plays a role in enhancing learning and memory performance (By similarity).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eActivity assay development for kinetics, substrate scope, and inhibitor\/activator profiling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eReceptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. Known ligands include EGF, TGFA\/TGF-alpha, AREG, epigen\/EPGN, BTC\/betacellulin, epiregulin\/EREG and HBEGF\/heparin-binding EGF. Ligand binding triggers receptor homo- and\/or heterodimerization and autophosphorylation on key cytoplasmic residues. The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. Activates at least 4 major downstream signaling cascades including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, PI3 kinase-AKT, PLCgamma-PKC and STATs modules. May also activate the NF-kappa-B signaling cascade. Also directly phosphorylates other proteins like RGS16, activating its GTPase activity and probably coupling the EGF receptor signaling to the G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Also phosphorylates MUC1 and increases its interaction with SRC and CTNNB1\/beta-catenin. Plays a role in enhancing learning and memory performance.Isoform 2 may act as an antagonist of EGF action. Acts as a receptor for hepatitis C virus in hepatocytes and facilitates its cell entry. Mediates HCV entry by promoting the formation of the CD81-CLDN1 receptor complexes that are essential for HCV entry and by enhancing membrane fusion of cells expressing HCV envelope glycoproteins.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving EGFR\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P00533 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P00533 - NCBI Gene search: EGFR — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=EGFR - Ensembl search: EGFR — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=EGFR - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053380264301,"sku":"CSB-MP007479HU-1MG","price":2450.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53053480927597,"sku":"CSB-MP007479HU-100UG","price":362.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20 ug","offer_id":53053480960365,"sku":"CSB-MP007479HU-20UG","price":144.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-MP007479HU-SDS.jpg?v=1772177551"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-platelet-derived-growth-factor-subunit-b-pdgfb-active-bhp10506301","title":"Recombinant Human Platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (PDGFB) (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003ePDGFB\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in E.coli (region 82-190aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 82-190aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Subunit B; PDGF Subunit B; PDGF-2; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor B Chain; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Beta Polypeptide; Proto-Oncogene c-Sis; Becaplermin; PDGFB; PDGF2; SIS. Growth factor that plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell migration, survival and chemotaxis. Potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlatelet-Derived Growth Factor Subunit B (PDGFB) belongs to the PDGF\/VEGF growth factor family. Platelet-derived growth factor is a potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin. PDGFB can exist either as a homodimer (PDGF-BB) or as a heterodimer with the platelet-derived growth factor alpha polypeptide (PDGF-AB), where the dimers are connected by disulfide bonds. Mutations in this gene are associated with meningioma.Binding of PDGFB to its receptor elicits a variety of cellular responses. In addition, PDGFB is released by platelets upon wounding and plays an important role in stimulating adjacent cells to grow and thereby heals the wound.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving PDGFB\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P01127 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P01127 - NCBI Gene search: PDGFB — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=PDGFB - Ensembl search: PDGFB — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=PDGFB - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053380362605,"sku":"CSB-AP003821HU-1MG","price":4254.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053482008941,"sku":"CSB-AP003821HU-500UG","price":2978.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053482041709,"sku":"CSB-AP003821HU-50UG","price":850.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP003821HU.jpg?v=1772177552"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-interleukin-4-receptor-subunit-alpha-il4r-partial-active-bhp10506321","title":"Recombinant Human Interleukin-4 receptor subunit alpha (IL4R), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eIL4R\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 26-231aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 26-231aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e Fc (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Interleukin-4 receptor subunit alpha; IL-4 receptor subunit alpha; IL-4R subunit alpha; IL-4R-alpha; IL-4RA; CD124; IL-4-binding protein; IL4-BP; IL4R; IL4RA. Receptor for both interleukin 4 and interleukin 13. Couples to the JAK1\/2\/3-STAT6 pathway. The IL4 response is involved in promoting Th2 differentiation. The IL4\/IL13 responses are involved in regulating IgE production and, chemokine and mucus production at sites of allergic inflammation. In certain cell types, can signal through activation of insulin receptor substrates, IRS1\/IRS2.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterleukin 4 Receptor alpha (IL4-Ra) is a widely expressed 140 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein in the class I cytokine receptor family. Mature human IL4-Ra consists of a 207 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD) that contains a cytokine binding region and one fibronectin type III domain, a 24 aa transmembrane segment, and a 569 aa cytoplasmic domain that contains one Box 1 motif and one ITIM motif. IL4-Ra plays an important role in Th2-biased immune responses, alternative macrophage activation, mucosal immunity, allergic inflammation, tumor progression, and atherogenesis. Soluble forms of IL4-Ra, generated by alternate splicing or proteolysis, retain ligand binding properties and inhibit IL-4 bioactivity. IL4-Ra is a component of two distinct receptor complexes and shows species selectivity between human and mouse. It can associate with the common gamma chain (γc) to form the IL-4 responsive type I receptor in which γc increases the affinity for IL-4 and enables signaling. It can alternatively associate with IL13-Ra1 to form the type II receptor which is responsive to both IL-4 and IL-13. The use of shared receptor components contributes to the overlapping biological effects of IL-4 and IL-13 as well as other cytokines that utilize γc.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving IL4R\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P24394 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P24394 - NCBI Gene search: IL4R — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=IL4R - Ensembl search: IL4R — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=IL4R - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053380788589,"sku":"CSB-AP004281HU-1MG","price":4254.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053484204397,"sku":"CSB-AP004281HU-500UG","price":2978.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053484237165,"sku":"CSB-AP004281HU-50UG","price":484.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP004281HU.jpg?v=1772177555"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-tumor-necrosis-factor-tnf-partial-active-bhp10506380","title":"Recombinant Human Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eTNF\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in E.coli (region 77-233aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 77-233aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e His (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Tumor Necrosis Factor; Cachectin; TNF-Alpha; Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 2; TNF-a; TNF; TNFA; TNFSF2. Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A\/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B\/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T-cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Upregulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which dephosphorylates the key 'Ser-418' residue of FOXP3, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and rendering Treg cells functionally defective.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eActivity assay development for kinetics, substrate scope, and inhibitor\/activator profiling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eTumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) is secreted by macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T-cells, and NK-cells following stimulation by bacterial LPS. Cells expressing CD4 secrete TNF-α while cells that express CD8 secrete little or no TNF-α. Synthesis of TNF-α can be induced by many different stimuli including interferons, IL2, and GM-CSF. The clinical use of the potent anti-tumor activity of TNF-α has been limited by the proinflammatory side effects such as fever, dose-limiting hypotension, hepatotoxicity, intravascular thrombosis, and hemorrhage. Designing clinically applicable TNF-α mutants with low systemic toxicity has been of intense pharmacological interest. Human TNF-α that binds to murine TNF-R55 but not murine TNF-R7, exhibits retained anti-tumor activity and reduced systemic toxicity in mice compared with murine TNF-α, which binds to both murine TNF receptors. Based on these results, many TNF-α mutants that selectively bind to TNF-R55 have been designed. These mutants displayed cytotoxic activities on tumor cell lines in vitro and have exhibited lower systemic toxicity in vivo. Recombinant Human TNF-α High Active Mutant differs from the wild-type by amino acid subsitution of amino acids 1-7 with Arg8, Lys9, Arg10 and Phe157. This mutant form has been shown to have increased activity with less inflammatory side effects in vivo.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving TNF\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P01375 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P01375 - NCBI Gene search: TNF — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TNF - Ensembl search: TNF — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TNF - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053382295917,"sku":"CSB-AP004871HU-1MG","price":1644.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053487087981,"sku":"CSB-AP004871HU-500UG","price":1150.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053487120749,"sku":"CSB-AP004871HU-50UG","price":204.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP004871HU.jpg?v=1772177563"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-tumor-necrosis-factor-receptor-superfamily-member-9-tnfrsf9-partial-active-bhp10506376","title":"Recombinant Human Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 (TNFRSF9), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eTNFRSF9\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 24-186aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 24-186aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e His, Fc (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as CD137;ILA;TNFRSF9;4-1BB ligand receptor;CDw137;T-cell antigen 4-1BB homolog;T-cell antigen ILA. Receptor for TNFSF9\/4-1BBL. Possibly active during T cell activation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eTumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9(TNFRSF9) is an inducible T cell surface protein belonging to the TNF receptor superfamily. It is a single-pass type I membrane protein which contains 4 TNFR-Cys repeats. The human and mouse proteins share 60% amino acid sequence identity. It is absent from naive T cells, but upregulated and continually expressed following T cell activation. It is a receptor for TNFSF9\/4-1BBL, and possibly active during T cell activation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving TNFRSF9\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB Q07011 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q07011 - NCBI Gene search: TNFRSF9 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TNFRSF9 - Ensembl search: TNFRSF9 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TNFRSF9 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053382394221,"sku":"CSB-AP005131HU-1MG","price":4060.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053487481197,"sku":"CSB-AP005131HU-500UG","price":2514.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053487513965,"sku":"CSB-AP005131HU-50UG","price":406.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP005131HU.jpg?v=1772177560"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-tumor-necrosis-factor-tnf-partial-active-bhp10506388","title":"Recombinant Human Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eTNF\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in E.coli (region 57-233aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 57-233aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e His (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Tumor Necrosis Factor; Cachectin; TNF-Alpha; Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 2; TNF-a; TNF; TNFA; TNFSF2. Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A\/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B\/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T-cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Upregulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which dephosphorylates the key 'Ser-418' residue of FOXP3, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and rendering Treg cells functionally defective.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eActivity assay development for kinetics, substrate scope, and inhibitor\/activator profiling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eTumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) is secreted by macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T-cells, and NK-cells following stimulation by bacterial LPS. Cells expressing CD4 secrete TNF-α while cells that express CD8 secrete little or no TNF-α. Synthesis of TNF-α can be induced by many different stimuli including interferons, IL2, and GM-CSF. The clinical use of the potent anti-tumor activity of TNF-α has been limited by the proinflammatory side effects such as fever, dose-limiting hypotension, hepatotoxicity, intravascular thrombosis, and hemorrhage. Designing clinically applicable TNF-α mutants with low systemic toxicity has been of intense pharmacological interest. Human TNF-α that binds to murine TNF-R55 but not murine TNF-R7, exhibits retained anti-tumor activity and reduced systemic toxicity in mice compared with murine TNF-α, which binds to both murine TNF receptors. Based on these results, many TNF-α mutants that selectively bind to TNF-R55 have been designed. These mutants displayed cytotoxic activities on tumor cell lines in vitro and have exhibited lower systemic toxicity in vivo. Recombinant Human TNF-α High Active Mutant differs from the wild-type by amino acid subsitution of amino acids 1-7 with Arg8, Lys9, Arg10 and Phe157. This mutant form has been shown to have increased activity with less inflammatory side effects in vivo.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving TNF\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P01375 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P01375 - NCBI Gene search: TNF — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TNF - Ensembl search: TNF — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TNF - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053383508333,"sku":"CSB-AP004881HU-1MG","price":4640.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053487350125,"sku":"CSB-AP004881HU-500UG","price":3248.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053487382893,"sku":"CSB-AP004881HU-50UG","price":850.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP004881HU.jpg?v=1772177565"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-fibroblast-growth-factor-17-fgf17-active-bhp10506395","title":"Recombinant Human Fibroblast growth factor 17 (FGF17) (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eFGF17\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 23-216aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 23-216aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e His (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Fibroblast Growth Factor 17; FGF-17; FGF17. Plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development and as signaling molecule in the induction and patterning of the embryonic brain. Required for normal brain development.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eFibroblast Growth Factor 17 (FGF17) is a member of the heparin-binding growth factors family that is prominently expressed in the cerebellum and cortex. Proteins of this family possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities and they are involved in a variety of biological processes including embryonic development cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth, and invasion. FGF17 plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development and it acts as signaling molecule in the induction and patterning of the embryonic brain. In addition, FGF17 stimulates the proliferation and activation of cells that express FGF receptors.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving FGF17\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB O60258 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/O60258 - NCBI Gene search: FGF17 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=FGF17 - Ensembl search: FGF17 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=FGF17 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053383836013,"sku":"CSB-AP003851HU-1MG","price":4254.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053487546733,"sku":"CSB-AP003851HU-500UG","price":2978.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053487579501,"sku":"CSB-AP003851HU-50UG","price":610.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP003851HU.jpg?v=1772177563"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-insulin-like-growth-factor-i-igf1-partial-active-bhp10506458","title":"Recombinant Human Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eIGF1\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in E.coli (region 52-118aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 52-118aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; IGF-I; Mechano Growth Factor; MGF; Somatomedin-C; IGF1; IBP1. The insulin-like growth factors, isolated from plasma, are structurally and functionally related to insulin but have a much higher growth-promoting activity. May be a physiological regulator of [1-14C]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts. Stimulates glucose transport in bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells and is effective at much lower concentrations than insulin, not only regarding glycogen and DNA synthesis but also with regard to enhancing glucose uptake. May play a role in synapse maturation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInsulin-like growth factor I (IGF1) belongs to the family of insulin-like growth factors that are structurally homologous to proinsulin. Mature IGFs are generated by proteolytic processing of inactive precursor protein containing N-terminal and C-terminal propeptide regions. Mature human IGF-I consisting of 70 amino acids with 94% identity with mouse IGF1 and exhibits cross-species activity. IGF1 binds IGF-1R, IGF-2R, and the insulin receptor and plays a key role in cell cycle progression, cell proliferation and tumor progression. IGF1 expression is regulated by growth hormone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving IGF1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P05019 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P05019 - NCBI Gene search: IGF1 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=IGF1 - Ensembl search: IGF1 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=IGF1 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053384360301,"sku":"CSB-AP003721HU-1MG","price":386.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053491544429,"sku":"CSB-AP003721HU-500UG","price":270.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053491577197,"sku":"CSB-AP003721HU-50UG","price":88.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP003721HU.jpg?v=1772177570"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-tumor-necrosis-factor-receptor-superfamily-member-1b-tnfrsf1b-partial-active-bhp10506501","title":"Recombinant Human Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B (TNFRSF1B), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eTNFRSF1B\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 23-257aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 23-257aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e His (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B; Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2; Tumor necrosis factor receptor type II; p75; p80 TNF-alpha receptor; TBP-2; TBPII; TNFRSF1B; TNFBR; TNFR2. Receptor with high affinity for TNFSF2\/TNF-alpha and approximately 5-fold lower affinity for homotrimeric TNFSF1\/lymphotoxin-alpha. The TRAF1\/TRAF2 complex recruits the apoptotic suppressors BIRC2 and BIRC3 to TNFRSF1B\/TNFR2. This receptor mediates most of the metabolic effects of TNF-alpha. Isoform 2 blocks TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis, which suggests that it regulates TNF-alpha function by antagonizing its biological activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eTumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B is a 461 amino acids protein that belongs to the TNFR (tumor necrosis factor receptor) superfamily characterized by cysteine-rich extracellular domains. It contains 4 TNFR-Cys repeats. TNFRII is expressed in fetal brain. TNFRII is strongly expressed at the cartilage-pannus junction, and plays a major role in a subset of families with multiple cases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This receptor mediates most of the metabolic effects of TNF-alpha. Isoform 2 blocks TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis, which suggests that it regulates TNF-alpha function by antagonizing its biological activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving TNFRSF1B\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P20333 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P20333 - NCBI Gene search: TNFRSF1B — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TNFRSF1B - Ensembl search: TNFRSF1B — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TNFRSF1B - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053385113965,"sku":"CSB-AP004891HU-1MG","price":4254.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053492986221,"sku":"CSB-AP004891HU-500UG","price":2978.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053493018989,"sku":"CSB-AP004891HU-50UG","price":610.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP004891HU.jpg?v=1772177575"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-interleukin-23-receptor-il23r-partial-active-bhp10506482","title":"Recombinant Human Interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eIL23R\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 24-353aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 24-353aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e Fc (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Interleukin-23 receptor; IL23R; IL-23 receptor; IL-23R. Associates with IL12RB1 to form the interleukin-23 receptor. Binds IL23 and mediates T-cells, NK cells and possibly certain macrophage\/myeloid cells stimulation probably through activation of the Jak-Stat signaling cascade. IL23 functions in innate and adaptive immunity and may participate in acute response to infection in peripheral tissues. IL23 may be responsible for autoimmune inflammatory diseases and be important for tumorigenesis.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterleukin 23 receptor (IL23R) is a type I cytokine receptor for IL23. IL23 receptor complex is comprised of two subunits, the IL12Rβ1 subunit, which is shared with several cytokines, and a subunit that is unique to IL-23. IL23, after binding to IL23R, activates memory T cells and mediates pro-inflammatory activities in part by the production of IL17 through activation of TH17 lymphocytes. IL23R is expressed on T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. In fact, polymorphisms of the IL23R gene were reported to be associated with susceptibility to inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, Graves's ophtalmopathy and inflammatory bowel diseases. The IL23R is known to be critically involved in the carcinogenesis of different malignant tumor.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving IL23R\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB Q5VWK5 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q5VWK5 - NCBI Gene search: IL23R — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=IL23R - Ensembl search: IL23R — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=IL23R - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053385474413,"sku":"CSB-AP004371HU-1MG","price":4254.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053492658541,"sku":"CSB-AP004371HU-500UG","price":2978.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053492691309,"sku":"CSB-AP004371HU-50UG","price":484.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP004371HU.jpg?v=1772177573"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-interleukin-1-receptor-antagonist-protein-il1rn-active-bhp10506466","title":"Recombinant Human Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL1RN) (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eIL1RN\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in E.coli (region 26-177aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 26-177aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; IL-1RN; IL-1ra; IRAP; ICIL-1RA; IL1 Inhibitor; Anakinra; IL1RN; IL1F3; IL1RA. Inhibits the activity of interleukin-1 by binding to receptor IL1R1 and preventing its association with the coreceptor IL1RAP for signaling. Has no interleukin-1 like activity. Binds functional interleukin-1 receptor IL1R1 with greater affinity than decoy receptor IL1R2; however, the physiological relevance of the latter association is unsure.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1RN) is a member of the IL-1 family. Endogenous IL-1RN is produced in numerous animal disease models as well as in human autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. It binds to IL-1 receptors in competition with IL-1, but does not elicit intracellular response from this binding. Its role in counteracting the proinflammatory effects of IL-1 is being studied by numerous research groups. IL-4 and IL-13 have been shown to amplify the stimulatory effect of IL1-beta on the production of soluble and intracellular forms of IL-1RN. The regulated expression of IL-1RN in various cell types has been shown to be influenced by cytokines. In synovial fibroblasts, IL-1, TNF-alpha, or PDGF markedly enhances the synthesis of IL-1RN.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving IL1RN\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P18510 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P18510 - NCBI Gene search: IL1RN — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=IL1RN - Ensembl search: IL1RN — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=IL1RN - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053385572717,"sku":"CSB-AP004601HU-1MG","price":1702.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053491609965,"sku":"CSB-AP004601HU-500UG","price":1190.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053491642733,"sku":"CSB-AP004601HU-50UG","price":194.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP004601HU.jpg?v=1772177573"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-interleukin-4-receptor-subunit-alpha-il4r-partial-active-bhp10506500","title":"Recombinant Human Interleukin-4 receptor subunit alpha (IL4R), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eIL4R\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 26-232aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 26-232aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e His (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Interleukin-4 receptor subunit alpha; IL-4 receptor subunit alpha; IL-4R subunit alpha; IL-4R-alpha; IL-4RA; CD124; IL-4-binding protein; IL4-BP; IL4R; IL4RA. Receptor for both interleukin 4 and interleukin 13. Couples to the JAK1\/2\/3-STAT6 pathway. The IL4 response is involved in promoting Th2 differentiation. The IL4\/IL13 responses are involved in regulating IgE production and, chemokine and mucus production at sites of allergic inflammation. In certain cell types, can signal through activation of insulin receptor substrates, IRS1\/IRS2.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterleukin 4 Receptor alpha (IL4-Ra) is a widely expressed 140 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein in the class I cytokine receptor family. Mature human IL4-Ra consists of a 207 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD) that contains a cytokine binding region and one fibronectin type III domain, a 24 aa transmembrane segment, and a 569 aa cytoplasmic domain that contains one Box 1 motif and one ITIM motif. IL4-Ra plays an important role in Th2-biased immune responses, alternative macrophage activation, mucosal immunity, allergic inflammation, tumor progression, and atherogenesis. Soluble forms of IL4-Ra, generated by alternate splicing or proteolysis, retain ligand binding properties and inhibit IL-4 bioactivity. IL4-Ra is a component of two distinct receptor complexes and shows species selectivity between human and mouse. It can associate with the common gamma chain (γc) to form the IL-4 responsive type I receptor in which γc increases the affinity for IL-4 and enables signaling. It can alternatively associate with IL13-Ra1 to form the type II receptor which is responsive to both IL-4 and IL-13. The use of shared receptor components contributes to the overlapping biological effects of IL-4 and IL-13 as well as other cytokines that utilize γc.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving IL4R\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P24394 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P24394 - NCBI Gene search: IL4R — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=IL4R - Ensembl search: IL4R — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=IL4R - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053385671021,"sku":"CSB-AP004271HU-1MG","price":3480.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053493117293,"sku":"CSB-AP004271HU-500UG","price":2436.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053493150061,"sku":"CSB-AP004271HU-50UG","price":610.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP004271HU.jpg?v=1772177576"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-tumor-necrosis-factor-receptor-superfamily-member-10b-tnfrsf10b-partial-active-bhp10506495","title":"Recombinant Human Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B (TNFRSF10B), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eTNFRSF10B\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 56-182aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 56-182aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e His (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 10B; Death Receptor 5; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Receptor 2; TRAIL Receptor 2; TRAIL-R2; CD262; TNFRSF10B; DR5; KILLER; TRAILR2; TRICK2; ZTNFR9. Receptor for the cytotoxic ligand TNFSF10\/TRAIL.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eTNFRSF10B is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily, and contains an intracellular death domain. This receptor can be activated by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TNFSF10\/TRAIL\/APO-2L), and transduces apoptosis signal. The adapter molecule FADD recruits caspase-8 to the activated receptor and is required for the apoptosis mediated by TNFRSF10B. TNFRSF10B is expressed in a number of cell types, and to particularly high levels in lymphocytes and spleen. This single-pass transmembrane protein contains two cysteine-rich repeat units in its extracellular region, followed by a transmembrane segment and a cytoplasmic tail containing a typical “death domain”. TNFRSF10B expression is regulated by the tumor suppressor p53. It is also indicated that the activation of NF-kappa-B can be promoted by TNFRSF10B.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving TNFRSF10B\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB O14763 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/O14763 - NCBI Gene search: TNFRSF10B — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TNFRSF10B - Ensembl search: TNFRSF10B — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TNFRSF10B - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053385769325,"sku":"CSB-AP004931HU-1MG","price":2126.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053492527469,"sku":"CSB-AP004931HU-500UG","price":1488.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053492560237,"sku":"CSB-AP004931HU-50UG","price":232.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP004931HU.jpg?v=1772177574"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-tumor-necrosis-factor-receptor-superfamily-member-9-tnfrsf9-partial-active-bhp10506518","title":"Recombinant Human Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 (TNFRSF9), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eTNFRSF9\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 24-186aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 24-186aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e Fc (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as CD137; ILA; TNFRSF9; 4-1BB ligand receptor; CDw137; T-cell antigen 4-1BB homolog; T-cell antigen ILA. Receptor for TNFSF9\/4-1BBL. Possibly active during T cell activation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eTumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9(TNFRSF9), also known as CD137 and 4-1BB, is an inducible T cell surface protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. It is a single-pass type I membrane protein which contains 4 TNFR-Cys repeats. The human and mouse proteins share 60% amino acid sequence identity. CD137 is expressed by mesenchymal cells, including endothelial cells, chondrocytes, and cells of the central nervous system. CD137 is also broadly expressed by cells of the human immune system, is broadly expressed by cells of the human immune system, including activated CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, activated natural killer (NK) cells, follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and monocytes. CD137 has diverse roles in the immune response, the one key function is to promote the survival of both T cells and dendritic cells by binding the cognate ligand CD137L (4-1BBL).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving TNFRSF9\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB Q07011 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q07011 - NCBI Gene search: TNFRSF9 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TNFRSF9 - Ensembl search: TNFRSF9 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TNFRSF9 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053386391917,"sku":"CSB-AP005151HU-1MG","price":3674.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053493838189,"sku":"CSB-AP005151HU-500UG","price":2320.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053493870957,"sku":"CSB-AP005151HU-50UG","price":348.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP005151HU.jpg?v=1772177577"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-tumor-necrosis-factor-ligand-superfamily-member-11-tnfsf11-partial-active-bhp10506572","title":"Recombinant Human Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eTNFSF11\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in E.coli (region 140-317aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 140-317aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as CD254; ODF; OPGL; RANK L; TNFSF11; CD254; Osteoclast differentiation factor;  Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11. Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF11B\/OPG and to TNFRSF11A\/RANK. Osteoclast differentiation and activation factor. Augments the ability of dendritic cells to stimulate naive T-cell proliferation. May be an important regulator of interactions between T-cells and dendritic cells and may play a role in the regulation of the T-cell-dependent immune response. May also play an important role in enhanced bone-resorption in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eCD254, also known as RANKL, TNFSF11, TRANCE, OPGL and ODF, is a type II membrane protein of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, and affects the immune system and control bone regeneration and remodeling. RANKL is the ligand of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (RANK). When RANKL binds to RANK, it will undergo trimerization and then bind to an adaptor molecule TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). This results in the activation of several downstream signaling cascades, including the NFκB, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), activating protein 1 (AP-1), and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc1), resulting in the formation of multinucleated bone-resorbing osteoclasts. RANKL is widely expressed in skeletal muscle, thymus, liver, colon, small intestine, adrenal gland, osteoblast, mammary gland epithelial cells, prostate and pancreas.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving TNFSF11\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB O14788 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/O14788 - NCBI Gene search: TNFSF11 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TNFSF11 - Ensembl search: TNFSF11 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TNFSF11 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053386948973,"sku":"CSB-AP004851HU-1MG","price":4254.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053496983917,"sku":"CSB-AP004851HU-500UG","price":2978.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053497016685,"sku":"CSB-AP004851HU-50UG","price":850.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP004851HU.jpg?v=1772177581"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-fibroblast-growth-factor-2-fgf2-active-bhp10506544","title":"Recombinant Human Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eFGF2\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in E.coli (region 143-288aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 143-288aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Fibroblast growth factor 2;FGF-2;Basic fibroblast growth factor;bFGF;Heparin-binding growth factor 2;HBGF-2. Plays an important role in the regulation of cell survival, cell division, angiogenesis, cell differentiation and cell migration. Functions as potent mitogen in vitro. Can induce angiogenesis.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eFGF-basic is a members of the Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) family.The family constitutes a large family of proteins involved in many aspects of development including cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation. They act on several cell types to regulate diverse physiologic functions including angiogenesis, cell growth, pattern formation, embryonic development, metabolic regulation, cell migration, neurotrophic effects, and tissue repair. FGF-basic is a non-glycosylated heparin binding growth factor that is expressed in the brain, pituitary, kidney, retina, bone, testis, adrenal gland liver, monocytes, epithelial cells and endothelial cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving FGF2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P09038-4 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P09038-4 - NCBI Gene search: FGF2 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=FGF2 - Ensembl search: FGF2 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=FGF2 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053387243885,"sku":"CSB-AP003841HU-1MG","price":1016.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053495345517,"sku":"CSB-AP003841HU-500UG","price":822.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053495378285,"sku":"CSB-AP003841HU-50UG","price":262.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP003841HU.jpg?v=1772177580"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-programmed-cell-death-1-ligand-1-cd274-partial-active-bhp10506577","title":"Recombinant Human Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (CD274), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eCD274\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 19-238aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 19-238aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e hFc1-tag (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as PD-L1 (PDCD1 ligand 1) (Programmed death ligand 1) (hPD-L1) (B7 homolog 1) (B7-H1) (CD274). Plays a critical role in induction and maintenance of immune tolerance to self (PubMed:11015443, PubMed:28813417, PubMed:28813410). As a ligand for the inhibitory receptor PDCD1\/PD-1, modulates the activation threshold of T-cells and limits T-cell effector response (PubMed:11015443, PubMed:28813417, PubMed:28813410). Through a yet unknown activating receptor, may costimulate T-cell subsets that predominantly produce interleukin-10 (IL10) (PubMed:10581077) The PDCD1-mediated inhibitory pathway is exploited by tumors to attenuate anti-tumor immunity and escape destruction by the immune system, thereby facilitating tumor survival (PubMed:28813417, PubMed:28813410). The interaction with PDCD1\/PD-1 inhibits cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) effector function (By similarity). The blockage of the PDCD1-mediated pathway results in the reversal of the exhausted T-cell phenotype and the normalization of the anti-tumor response, providing a rationale for cancer immunotherapy (By similarity).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlays a critical role in induction and maintenance of immune tolerance to self (PubMed:11015443, PubMed:28813417, PubMed:28813410). As a ligand for the inhibitory receptor PDCD1\/PD-1, modulates the activation threshold of T-cells and limits T-cell effector response (PubMed:11015443, PubMed:28813417, PubMed:28813410). Through a yet unknown activating receptor, may costimulate T-cell subsets that predominantly produce interleukin-10 (IL10) (PubMed:10581077) The PDCD1-mediated inhibitory pathway is exploited by tumors to attenuate anti-tumor immunity and escape destruction by the immune system, thereby facilitating tumor survival (PubMed:28813417, PubMed:28813410). The interaction with PDCD1\/PD-1 inhibits cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) effector function (By similarity). The blockage of the PDCD1-mediated pathway results in the reversal of the exhausted T-cell phenotype and the normalization of the anti-tumor response, providing a rationale for cancer immunotherapy (By similarity).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving CD274\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB Q9NZQ7 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q9NZQ7 - NCBI Gene search: CD274 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=CD274 - Ensembl search: CD274 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=CD274 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053387702637,"sku":"CSB-MP878942HU1-1MG","price":2490.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53053496721773,"sku":"CSB-MP878942HU1-100UG","price":312.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20 ug","offer_id":53053496754541,"sku":"CSB-MP878942HU1-20UG","price":126.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-MP878942HU1-SDS.jpg?v=1772177581"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-glypican-3-gpc3-partial-active-bhp10506615","title":"Recombinant Human Glypican-3 (GPC3), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eGPC3\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 25-559aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 25-559aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e His (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Glypican-3; GTR2-2; Intestinal protein OCI-5; MXR7; GPC3; OCI5. Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate. Inhibits the dipeptidyl peptidase activity of DPP4. May be involved in the suppression\/modulation of growth in the predominantly mesodermal tissues and organs. May play a role in the modulation of IGF2 interactions with its receptor and thereby modulate its function. May regulate growth and tumor predisposition.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eGlypican-3\/GPC3 is a member of the glypican family. It belongs to the glypican family and is highly expressed in lung, liver, and kidney. It is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, which is overexpressed in various neoplasms such as hepatocellular carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and testicular yolk sac tumor, and plays an important role in cell growth and differentiation. GPC3 function is tissue dependent. In some tissues, GPC3 acts as a tumor suppressor gene, whereas in others, it acts as an oncofetal protein. GPC3 is a reliable marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. The sensitivity and specificity exceeds both alpha-fetoprotein and hepatocyte-paraffin1. GPC3 immunohistochemistry can aid in the differentiation of testicular germ cell tumors, being expressed in all yolk sac tumors but not in seminomas. GPC3 expression has also been identified in some squamous cell carcinomas of the lung and clear cell carcinomas of the ovary. Glypican-3 is currently regarded as a tumor marker and potential target for immunotherapy.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving GPC3\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P51654 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P51654 - NCBI Gene search: GPC3 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=GPC3 - Ensembl search: GPC3 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=GPC3 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053388259693,"sku":"CSB-AP005371HU-1MG","price":3094.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053498753389,"sku":"CSB-AP005371HU-500UG","price":2166.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053498786157,"sku":"CSB-AP005371HU-50UG","price":484.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP005371HU.jpg?v=1772177584"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-tumor-necrosis-factor-tnf-partial-active-bhp10506623","title":"Recombinant Human Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eTNF\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in E.coli (region 77-233aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 77-233aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e His (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Cachectin TNF-alpha Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2. Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A\/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B\/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T-cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Upregulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which dephosphorylates the key 'Ser-418' residue of FOXP3, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and rendering Treg cells functionally defective. Key mediator of cell death in the anticancer action of BCG-stimulated neutrophils in combination with DIABLO\/SMAC mimetic in the RT4v6 bladder cancer cell line. The TNF intracellular domain (ICD) form induces IL12 production in dendritic cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eActivity assay development for kinetics, substrate scope, and inhibitor\/activator profiling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eCytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A\/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B\/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T-cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Upregulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which dephosphorylates the key 'Ser-418' residue of FOXP3, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and rendering Treg cells functionally defective. Key mediator of cell death in the anticancer action of BCG-stimulated neutrophils in combination with DIABLO\/SMAC mimetic in the RT4v6 bladder cancer cell line. The TNF intracellular domain (ICD) form induces IL12 production in dendritic cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving TNF\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P01375 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P01375 - NCBI Gene search: TNF — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TNF - Ensembl search: TNF — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TNF - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053388489069,"sku":"CSB-EP023955HUc7-1MG","price":1812.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53053499343213,"sku":"CSB-EP023955HUc7-100UG","price":419.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20 ug","offer_id":53053499375981,"sku":"CSB-EP023955HUc7-20UG","price":224.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-EP023955HUc7-AC.jpg?v=1772177584"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-interleukin-2-il2-l100f-r101d-l105v-i106v-i112f-active-bhp10506696","title":"Recombinant Human Interleukin-2 (IL2) (L100F,R101D,L105V,I106V,I112F) (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eIL2\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 21-153(L100F,R101D,L105V,I106V,I112F)). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 21-153(L100F,R101D,L105V,I106V,I112F) (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e His (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Interleukin-2; IL-2; T-Cell Growth Factor; TCGF; Aldesleukin; IL2. Produced by T-cells in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation, this protein is required for T-cell proliferation and other activities crucial to regulation of the immune response. Can stimulate B-cells, monocytes, lymphokine-activated killer cells, natural killer cells, and glioma cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterleukin-2(IL-2) is an interleukin, a type of cytokine signaling molecule in the immune system，belongs to the IL-2 family. It is a powerful immunoregulatory lymphokine produced by T-cells in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation. IL-2\/IL-2R signaling is required for T-cell proliferation and other fundamental functions that are essential for the immune response. IL-2 stimulates growth and differentiation of B-cells, NK cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, monocytes, macrophages and oligodendrocytes. New research has shown that IL-2 mutant reduced toxicity while being more potent at stimulating anti-tumor effector immune cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving IL2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P60568 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P60568 - NCBI Gene search: IL2 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=IL2 - Ensembl search: IL2 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=IL2 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053390520685,"sku":"CSB-AP004711HU-1MG","price":1392.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053503013229,"sku":"CSB-AP004711HU-500UG","price":976.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053503045997,"sku":"CSB-AP004711HU-50UG","price":290.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP004711HU.jpg?v=1772177595"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-tumor-necrosis-factor-tnf-partial-active-bhp10506624","title":"Recombinant Human Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eTNF\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in E.coli (region 77-233aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 77-233aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Tumor Necrosis Factor; Cachectin; TNF-Alpha; Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 2; TNF-a; TNF; TNFA; TNFSF2. Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A\/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B\/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T-cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Upregulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which dephosphorylates the key 'Ser-418' residue of FOXP3, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and rendering Treg cells functionally defective.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eActivity assay development for kinetics, substrate scope, and inhibitor\/activator profiling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eTNFα is a homotrimer with a subunit molecular mass of 17 kD cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A\/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B\/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It plays a major role in growth regulation, differentiation, inflammation, viral replication, tumorigenesis, autoimmune diseases and in viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections. Besides inducing hemorrhagic necrosis of tumors, TNF was found to be involved in tumorigenesis, tumor metastasis, viral replication, septic shock, fever, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases including Crohn’s disease, and rheumatoid arthritis as well as graft-versus-host disease.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving TNF\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P01375 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P01375 - NCBI Gene search: TNF — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TNF - Ensembl search: TNF — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TNF - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053390586221,"sku":"CSB-AP004861HU-1MG","price":1740.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053499670893,"sku":"CSB-AP004861HU-500UG","price":1218.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053499703661,"sku":"CSB-AP004861HU-50UG","price":232.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP004861HU.jpg?v=1772177589"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-tumor-necrosis-factor-receptor-superfamily-member-4-tnfrsf4-partial-active-bhp10506685","title":"Recombinant Human Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 (TNFRSF4), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eTNFRSF4\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 29-216aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 29-216aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e Fc (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4;ACT35 antigen;OX40L receptor;TAX transcriptionally-activated glycoprotein 1 receptor;TNFRSF4;OX40;CD134;Txgp1. Receptor for TNFSF4\/OX40L\/GP34. Is a costimulatory molecule implicated in long-term T-cell immunity.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eOX40,also termed CD134 and TNFRSF4, is a T cell co-stimulatory molecule of the TNF receptor superfamily which plays a key role in the survival and homeostasis of effector and memory T cells. OX40 is expressed on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells upon engagement of the TCR by antigen presenting cells along with co-stimulation by CD40-CD40 Ligand and CD28-B7. The interaction between OX40 and OX40 ligand (OX40L) will occur when activated T cells bind to professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The T-cell functions, including cytokine production, expansion, and survival, are then enhanced by the OX40 costimulatory signals. OX40 signals are critical for controlling the function and differentiation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. OX40-OX40L interaction regulates T-cell tolerance, peripheral T-cell homeostasis, and T-cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving TNFRSF4\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P43489 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P43489 - NCBI Gene search: TNFRSF4 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TNFRSF4 - Ensembl search: TNFRSF4 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TNFRSF4 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053390979437,"sku":"CSB-AP005251HU-1MG","price":4254.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053502882157,"sku":"CSB-AP005251HU-500UG","price":2978.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053502914925,"sku":"CSB-AP005251HU-50UG","price":552.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP005251HU.jpg?v=1772177591"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-tumor-necrosis-factor-ligand-superfamily-member-10-tnfsf10-partial-active-bhp10506715","title":"Recombinant Human Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 (TNFSF10), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eTNFSF10\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in E.coli (region 115-281aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 115-281aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 10; Apo-2 Ligand; Apo-2L; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; Protein TRAIL; CD253; TNFSF10; APO2L; TRAIL. Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF10A\/TRAILR1, TNFRSF10B\/TRAILR2, TNFRSF10C\/TRAILR3, TNFRSF10D\/TRAILR4 and possibly also to TNFRSF11B\/OPG.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman TNFSF10 is a type II transmembrane protein with an intracellular N-terminus and a ‘TNF homology domain’ (THD) at the extracellular C terminus. TNFSF10 can interact with several distinct receptors. Two of these receptors that belongs to TNFR superfamily, DR4 (TRAIL-R1) and DR5 (TRAIL-R2\/TRICK2), are plasma membrane proteins containing intracellular death domains essential for activating apoptosis. TNFSF10 is promising for cancer therapy because it is cytotoxic and activates apoptosis in the majority of malignant cells, but not in normal cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving TNFSF10\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P50591 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P50591 - NCBI Gene search: TNFSF10 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TNFSF10 - Ensembl search: TNFSF10 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TNFSF10 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053391372653,"sku":"CSB-AP004901HU-1MG","price":1702.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053504455021,"sku":"CSB-AP004901HU-500UG","price":1190.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053504487789,"sku":"CSB-AP004901HU-50UG","price":270.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP004901HU.jpg?v=1772177596"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-fibroblast-growth-factor-8-fgf8-active-bhp10506734","title":"Recombinant Human Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eFGF8\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in E.coli (region 23-215aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 23-215aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Fibroblast growth factor 8;Androgen-induced growth factor;Heparin-binding growth factor 8;AIGF;HBGF-8;FGF-8B. Fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF­8) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family. It is discovered as a growth factor essential for the androgen-­dependent growth of mouse mammary carcinoma cells. Mouse FGF­8b shares 100% aa identity with human FGF­8b. FGF­8 is widely expressed during embryogenesis, and mediates epithelial­-mesenchymal transitions. It plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell migration. It is required for normal brain, eye, ear, limb development during embryogenesis and normal development of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal system.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eFibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF­8) is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family. It is discovered as a growth factor essential for the androgen-­dependent growth of mouse mammary carcinoma cells. Mouse FGF­8b shares 100% aa identity with human FGF­8b. FGF­8 is widely expressed during embryogenesis, and mediates epithelial­-mesenchymal transitions. It plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell migration. It is required for normal brain, eye, ear, limb development during embryogenesis and normal development of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal system.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving FGF8\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P55075-3\/P37237-2 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P55075-3\/P37237-2 - NCBI Gene search: FGF8 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=FGF8 - Ensembl search: FGF8 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=FGF8 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053391667565,"sku":"CSB-AP004031HU-1MG","price":4254.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053504717165,"sku":"CSB-AP004031HU-500UG","price":2978.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053504749933,"sku":"CSB-AP004031HU-50UG","price":610.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP004031HU.jpg?v=1772177596"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-lymphotoxin-alpha-lta-active-bhp10506774","title":"Recombinant Human Lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA) (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eLTA\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in E.coli (region 35-205aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 35-205aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Lymphotoxin-Alpha; LT-Alpha; TNF-Beta; Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 1; LTA; TNFB; TNFSF1. Cytokine that in its homotrimeric form binds to TNFRSF1A\/TNFR1, TNFRSF1B\/TNFBR and TNFRSF14\/HVEM. In its heterotrimeric form with LTB binds to TNFRSF3\/LTBR. Lymphotoxin is produced by lymphocytes and cytotoxic for a wide range of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eTumor Necrosis Factor β (TNF-β) is a secreted protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family. TNF-β binds to TNFRSF1A\/TNFR1, TNFRSF1B\/TNFBR and TNFRSF14\/HVEM in homotrimeric form, binds to TNFRSF3\/LTBR in heterotrimeric form with LTB. TNF-β forms heterotrimers with lymphotoxin-beta, which anchors TNF-β to the cell surface. TNF-β mediates the inflammatory, immunostimulatory, and antiviral response, involves in the formation of second lymphoid organs during development, has a role in apoptosis. TNF-β is produced by lymphocytes and cytotoxic for a variety of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving LTA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P01374 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P01374 - NCBI Gene search: LTA — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=LTA - Ensembl search: LTA — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=LTA - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053392322925,"sku":"CSB-AP004941HU-1MG","price":3402.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053507305837,"sku":"CSB-AP004941HU-500UG","price":2378.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053507338605,"sku":"CSB-AP004941HU-50UG","price":676.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP004941HU.jpg?v=1772177602"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-tumor-necrosis-factor-receptor-superfamily-member-4-tnfrsf4-partial-active-bhp10506758","title":"Recombinant Human Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 (TNFRSF4), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eTNFRSF4\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 29-216aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 29-216aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e His (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4;TNFRSF4;OX40;CD134;Txgp1. Receptor for TNFSF4\/OX40L\/GP34. Is a costimulatory molecule implicated in long-term T-cell immunity.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eOX40, also termed CD134 and TNFRSF4, is a T cell co-stimulatory molecule of the TNF receptor superfamily which plays a key role in the survival and homeostasis of effector and memory T cells. OX40 is expressed on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells upon engagement of the TCR by antigen presenting cells along with co-stimulation by CD40-CD40 Ligand and CD28-B7. The interaction between OX40 and OX40 ligand (OX40L) will occur when activated T cells bind to professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The T-cell functions, including cytokine production, expansion, and survival, are then enhanced by the OX40 costimulatory signals. OX40 signals are critical for controlling the function and differentiation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. OX40-OX40L interaction regulates T-cell tolerance, peripheral T-cell homeostasis, and T-cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving TNFRSF4\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P43489 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P43489 - NCBI Gene search: TNFRSF4 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TNFRSF4 - Ensembl search: TNFRSF4 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TNFRSF4 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053392453997,"sku":"CSB-AP005241HU-1MG","price":4254.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053506355565,"sku":"CSB-AP005241HU-500UG","price":2978.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053506388333,"sku":"CSB-AP005241HU-50UG","price":552.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP005241HU.jpg?v=1772177597"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-transforming-growth-factor-beta-3-tgfb3-y340f-partial-active-bhp10506783","title":"Recombinant Human Transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGFB3) (Y340F), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eTGFB3\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 301-412aa(Y340F)). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 301-412aa(Y340F) (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Transforming growth factor beta-3;TGFB3;TGF-beta-3;Latency-associated peptide;LAP. Involved in embryogenesis and cell differentiation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eActivity assay development for kinetics, substrate scope, and inhibitor\/activator profiling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eTransforming growth factor beta 3(TGFB3) is a member of a TGF -β superfamily which is defined by theirstructural and functional similarities. TGFB3 is secreted as a complex with LAP. This latent form of TGFB3becomes active upon cleavage by plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin -1, and a subset ofintegrins. It binds with high affinity to TGF- β RII, a type II serine\/threonine kinase receptor. TGFB3 is involved incell differentiation, embryogenesis and development.It is believed to regulate molecules involved in cellularadhesion and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation during the process of palate development. Without TGF-β3,mammals develop a deformity known as a cleft palate.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving TGFB3\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P10600 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P10600 - NCBI Gene search: TGFB3 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TGFB3 - Ensembl search: TGFB3 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TGFB3 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053393338733,"sku":"CSB-AP004051HU-1MG","price":5896.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053507764589,"sku":"CSB-AP004051HU-500UG","price":3686.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053507797357,"sku":"CSB-AP004051HU-50UG","price":850.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP004051HU.jpg?v=1772177607"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-tumor-necrosis-factor-receptor-superfamily-member-10c-tnfrsf10c-partial-active-bhp10506782","title":"Recombinant Human Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10C (TNFRSF10C), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eTNFRSF10C\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 26-221aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 26-221aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e His (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 10C; Antagonist Decoy Receptor for TRAIL\/Apo-2L; Decoy TRAIL Receptor Without Death Domain; Decoy Receptor 1; DcR1; Lymphocyte Inhibitor of TRAIL; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Receptor 3; TRAIL Receptor 3; TRAIL-R3; TRAIL Receptor Without an Intracellular Domain; CD263; TNFRSF10C; DCR1; LIT; TRAILR3; TRID. Receptor for the cytotoxic ligand TRAIL. Lacks a cytoplasmic death domain and hence is not capable of inducing apoptosis. May protect cells against TRAIL mediated apoptosis by competing with TRAIL-R1 and R2 for binding to the ligand.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eTumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 10C (TNFRSF10C) is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked membrane protein which binds TRAIL with high affinity. TNFRSF10C has the TRAIL-binding extracellular cysteine-rich domains, lacks the intracellular signaling domain. As a result, binding of TRAIL to TRAIL R3 doesn’t transduce an apoptosis signal. The expression of TRAIL R3 gene has been shown to protect cells bearing TRAIL R1 and\/or TRAIL R2 from TRAIL-induced apoptosis.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving TNFRSF10C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB O14798 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/O14798 - NCBI Gene search: TNFRSF10C — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TNFRSF10C - Ensembl search: TNFRSF10C — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TNFRSF10C - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053393961325,"sku":"CSB-AP004961HU-1MG","price":2126.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053507633517,"sku":"CSB-AP004961HU-500UG","price":1488.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053507666285,"sku":"CSB-AP004961HU-50UG","price":232.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP004951HU.jpg?v=1772177602"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor-csf2-active-bhp10506833","title":"Recombinant Human Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF2) (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eCSF2\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in E.coli (region 18-144aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 18-144aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; GM-CSF; Colony-Stimulating Factor; CSF; Molgramostin; Sargramostim; CSF2; GMCSF. Cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells from various lineages, including granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and erythrocytes.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eGranulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) was initially characterized as a growth factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. It is produced by a number of different cell types (including activated T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts) in response to cytokine of immune and inflammatory stimuli. Besides granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, GM-CSF is also a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte and eosinophil progenitors. On mature hematopoietic, monocytes\/ macrophages and eosinophils. GM-CSF has a functional role on non-hematopoitic cells. It can induce human endothelial cells to migrate and proliferate. Additionally, GM-CSF can also stimulate the proliferation of a number of tumor cell lines, including osteogenic sarcoma, carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cell lines.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving CSF2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P04141 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P04141 - NCBI Gene search: CSF2 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=CSF2 - Ensembl search: CSF2 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=CSF2 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053394321773,"sku":"CSB-AP003581HU-1MG","price":3402.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053510975853,"sku":"CSB-AP003581HU-500UG","price":2378.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053511008621,"sku":"CSB-AP003581HU-50UG","price":676.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP003581HU.jpg?v=1772177604"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-transforming-growth-factor-beta-1-proprotein-tgfb1-partial-active-bhp10506788","title":"Recombinant Human Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein (TGFB1), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eTGFB1\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 279-390aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 279-390aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1; TGF-Beta-1; Latency-Associated Peptide; LAP; TGFB1; TGFB. Multifunctional protein that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. Many cells synthesize TGFB1 and have specific receptors for it. It positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors. It plays an important role in bone remodeling as it is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts (By similarity). Stimulates sustained production of collagen through the activation of CREB3L1 by regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eTransforming Growth Factor β-1 (TGFβ-1) is a secreted protein which belongs to the TGF-β family. TGFβ-1 is abundantly expressed in bone, articular cartilage and chondrocytes and is increased in osteoarthritis (OA). TGFβ-1 performs many cellular functions, including the control of cell growth, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. The precursor is cleaved into a latency-associated peptide (LAP) and a mature TGFβ-1 peptide. TGFβ-1 may also form heterodimers with other TGFβ family members. It has been found that TGFβ-1 is frequently upregulated in tumor cells. Mutations in this gene results in Camurati-Engelmann disease.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving TGFB1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P01137 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P01137 - NCBI Gene search: TGFB1 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TGFB1 - Ensembl search: TGFB1 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TGFB1 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053394420077,"sku":"CSB-AP003861HU-1MG","price":5896.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053508747629,"sku":"CSB-AP003861HU-500UG","price":3686.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053508780397,"sku":"CSB-AP003861HU-50UG","price":850.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP003861HU.jpg?v=1772177603"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-r-spondin-1-rspo1-active-bhp10506819","title":"Recombinant Human R-spondin-1 (RSPO1) (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eRSPO1\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 21-263aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 21-263aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e His (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as RSPO1; R-spondin1; RP11-566C13.1; CRISTIN3; FLJ40906; RSPO Rspo1; R-spondin; Rspondin; RP23-325M14.2; Roof plate-specific spondin-1. Activator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway by acting as a ligand for LGR4-6 receptors. Upon binding to LGR4-6 (LGR4, LGR5 or LGR6), LGR4-6 associate with phosphorylated LRP6 and frizzled receptors that are activated by extracellular Wnt receptors, triggering the canonical Wnt signaling pathway to increase expression of target genes. Also regulates the canonical Wnt\/beta-catenin-dependent pathway and non-canonical Wnt signaling by acting as an inhibitor of ZNRF3, an important regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. Acts as a ligand for frizzled FZD8 and LRP6. May negatively regulate the TGF-beta pathway. Has a essential roles in ovary determination. Regulates Wnt signaling by antagonizing DKK1\/KREM1-mediated internalization of LRP6 through an interaction with KREM1.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eRSPO1 is a secreted protein,containing 2 FU(furin-like) repeats and 1 TSP type-1 domain and belonging to the R-spondin family. RSPO1 is required for the early development of gonads, regardless of sex. It has been found in mice only eleven days after fertilization. To induce cell proliferation, it acts synergistically with WNT4. They help stabilize β catenin, which activates downstream targets. RSPO1 is necessary in female sex development. It augments the WNT\/β catenin pathway to oppose male sex development. In critical gonadal stages, between six and nine weeks after fertilization, the ovaries upregulate it while the testes downregulate it. RSPO1 can potentially aid in the treatment of mucositis, which is characterized by inflammation of the oral cavity. This unfortunate condition often accompanies chemotherapy and radiation in cancer patients with head and neck tumors.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving RSPO1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB Q2MKA7 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q2MKA7 - NCBI Gene search: RSPO1 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=RSPO1 - Ensembl search: RSPO1 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=RSPO1 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053394551149,"sku":"CSB-AP005721HU-1MG","price":4254.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053509665133,"sku":"CSB-AP005721HU-500UG","price":2978.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053509697901,"sku":"CSB-AP005721HU-50UG","price":610.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP005721HU-SDS.jpg?v=1772177604"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor-csf2-active-bhp10506836","title":"Recombinant Human Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF2) (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eCSF2\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 18-144aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 18-144aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e His (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor;Colony-stimulating factor;CSF; Molgramostin and Sargramostim.. Cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells from various lineages, including granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and erythrocytes.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eGranulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) was initially characterized as a growth factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. It is produced by a number of different cell types (including activated T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts) in response to cytokine of immune and inflammatory stimuli. Besides granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, GM-CSF is also a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte and eosinophil progenitors. On mature hematopoietic, monocytes\/ macrophages and eosinophils. GM-CSF has a functional role on non-hematopoitic cells. It can induce human endothelial cells to migrate and proliferate. Additionally, GM-CSF can also stimulate the proliferation of a number of tumor cell lines, including osteogenic sarcoma, carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cell lines.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving CSF2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P04141 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P04141 - NCBI Gene search: CSF2 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=CSF2 - Ensembl search: CSF2 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=CSF2 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053394616685,"sku":"CSB-AP003601HU-1MG","price":4254.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053510320493,"sku":"CSB-AP003601HU-500UG","price":2978.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053510353261,"sku":"CSB-AP003601HU-50UG","price":552.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP003601HU.jpg?v=1772177608"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-fibroblast-growth-factor-2-fgf2-partial-active-bhp10506872","title":"Recombinant Human Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eFGF2\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in E.coli (region 132-288aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 132-288aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; FGF-2; Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor; bFGF; Heparin-Binding Growth Factor 2; HBGF-2; FGF2; FGFB. Plays an important role in the regulation of cell survival, cell division, angiogenesis, cell differentiation and cell migration. Functions as potent mitogen in vitro. Can induce angiogenesis.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eFGF-basic is a members of the Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) family.The family constitutes a large family of proteins involved in many aspects of development including cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation. They act on several cell types to regulate diverse physiologic functions including angiogenesis, cell growth, pattern formation, embryonic development, metabolic regulation, cell migration, neurotrophic effects, and tissue repair. FGF-basic is a non-glycosylated heparin binding growth factor that is expressed in the brain, pituitary, kidney, retina, bone, testis, adrenal gland liver, monocytes, epithelial cells and endothelial cells. FGF-basic signals through FGFR 1b, 1c, 2c, 3c and 4.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving FGF2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P09038-4 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P09038-4 - NCBI Gene search: FGF2 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=FGF2 - Ensembl search: FGF2 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=FGF2 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053395140973,"sku":"CSB-AP003751HU-1MG","price":1198.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053512876397,"sku":"CSB-AP003751HU-500UG","price":842.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053512909165,"sku":"CSB-AP003751HU-50UG","price":270.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP003751HU.jpg?v=1772177610"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-fibroblast-growth-factor-9-fgf9-active-bhp10506868","title":"Recombinant Human Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eFGF9\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in E.coli (region 1-208aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1-208aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Fibroblast Growth Factor 9; FGF-9; Glia-Activating Factor; GAF; Heparin-Binding Growth Factor 9; HBGF-9; FGF9. Plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell migration. May have a role in glial cell growth and differentiation during development, gliosis during repair and regeneration of brain tissue after damage, differentiation and survival of neuronal cells, and growth stimulation of glial tumors.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eFibroblast Growth Factor 9 (FGF-9) belongs to the Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. FGF-9 plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell migration. In addition, FGF-9 may have a role in glial cell growth and differentiation during development, gliosis during repair and regeneration of brain tissue after damage, differentiation and survival of neuronal cells, and growth stimulation of glial tumors.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving FGF9\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P31371 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P31371 - NCBI Gene search: FGF9 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=FGF9 - Ensembl search: FGF9 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=FGF9 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053395206509,"sku":"CSB-AP003811HU-1MG","price":3402.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053512057197,"sku":"CSB-AP003811HU-500UG","price":2378.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053512089965,"sku":"CSB-AP003811HU-50UG","price":676.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP003811HU.jpg?v=1772177610"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-transforming-growth-factor-beta-2-proprotein-tgfb2-partial-active-bhp10506883","title":"Recombinant Human Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein (TGFB2), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eTGFB2\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 303-414aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 303-414aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Transforming growth factor beta-2;TGFB2;Polyergin;G-TSF;Glioblastoma-derived T-cell suppressor factor;Cetermin;BSC-1 cell growth inhibitor;TGF-beta-2. TGF-beta 2 has suppressive effects on interleukin-2 dependent T-cell growth.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eTransforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-β2) is a secreted protein which belongs to the TGF-beta family. It is known as a cytokine that performs many cellular functions and has a vital role during embryonic development. The precursor is cleaved into mature TGF-beta-2 and LAP, which remains non-covalently linked to mature TGF-beta-2 rendering it inactive. It is an extracellular glycosylated protein. It is known to suppress the effects of interleukin dependent T-cell tumors. Defects in TGFB2 may be a cause of non-syndromic aortic disease (NSAD).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving TGFB2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P61812 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P61812 - NCBI Gene search: TGFB2 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TGFB2 - Ensembl search: TGFB2 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TGFB2 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053396418925,"sku":"CSB-AP003961HU-1MG","price":5896.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053513662829,"sku":"CSB-AP003961HU-500UG","price":3686.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053513695597,"sku":"CSB-AP003961HU-50UG","price":850.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP003961HU.jpg?v=1772177611"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-tumor-necrosis-factor-receptor-superfamily-member-11b-tnfrsf11b-active-bhp10506898","title":"Recombinant Human Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B (TNFRSF11B) (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eTNFRSF11B\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 22-401aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 22-401aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e His (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 11B; Osteoclastogenesis Inhibitory Factor; Osteoprotegerin; TNFRSF11B; OCIF; OPG. Acts as decoy receptor for TNFSF11\/RANKL and thereby neutralizes its function in osteoclastogenesis. Inhibits the activation of osteoclasts and promotes osteoclast apoptosis in vitro. Bone homeostasis seems to depend on the local ratio between TNFSF11 and TNFRSF11B. May also play a role in preventing arterial calcification. May act as decoy receptor for TNFSF10\/TRAIL and protect against apoptosis. TNFSF10\/TRAIL binding blocks the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eTNFRSF11B is a secreted protein, containing 2 death domains and 4 TNFR-Cys repeats. TNFRSF11B is a decoy receptor for the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL). By binding RANKL, TNFRSF11B inhibits nuclear kappa B (NF-κB) which is a central and rapid acting transcription factor for immune-related genes, and a key regulator of inflammation, innate immunity, and cell survival and differentiation. TNFRSF11B levels are influenced by voltage-dependent calcium channelsCav1.2. TNFRSF11B can reduce the production of osteoclasts by inhibiting the differentiation of osteoclast precursors (osteoclasts are related to monocytes\/macrophages and are derived from granulocyte\/macrophage-forming colony units (CFU-GM)) into osteoclasts and also regulates the resorption of osteoclasts in vitroand in vivo. TNFRSF11B binding to RANKL on osteoblast\/stromal cells, blocks the RANKL-RANK ligand interaction between osteoblast\/stromal cells and osteoclast precursors. This has the effect of inhibiting the differentiation of the osteoclast precursor into a mature osteoclast.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving TNFRSF11B\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB O00300 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/O00300 - NCBI Gene search: TNFRSF11B — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TNFRSF11B - Ensembl search: TNFRSF11B — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TNFRSF11B - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053396582765,"sku":"CSB-AP004951HU-1MG","price":2126.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053514645869,"sku":"CSB-AP004951HU-500UG","price":1488.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053514678637,"sku":"CSB-AP004951HU-50UG","price":232.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP004951HU_290b7ccd-7bca-49c4-b61b-3601b47fc98b.jpg?v=1772177613"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-tumor-necrosis-factor-receptor-superfamily-member-5-cd40-partial-active-bhp10506917","title":"Recombinant Human Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 (CD40), partial (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eCD40\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 21-193aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 21-193aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e Fc (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily member 5; B-Cell Surface Antigen CD40; Bp50; CD40L Receptor; CDw40; CD40; TNFRSF5. Receptor for TNFSF5\/CD40LG. Transduces TRAF6- and MAP3K8-mediated signals that activate ERK in macrophages and B cells, leading to induction of immunoglobulin secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eCD40 is a Type I Transmembrane Glycoprotein that belongs to the TNF Receptor Superfamily. CD40 is expressed in B cells, follicular dendritic cells, dendritic cells, activated monocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and several tumor cell lines. The extracellular domain of CD40 is characterized by Cysteine rich repeat regions. Interaction of CD40 with its ligand (CD40L) leads to aggregation of CD40 molecules, which in turn interact with cytoplasmic components to initiate signaling pathways. Several different TRAF proteins (adaptor proteins) have been identified to serves as mediators of the signal transduction. CD40 plays an essential role in mediating a broad variety of immune and inflammatory responses including T cell-dependent immunoglobulin class switching, memory B cell development, and germinal center formation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving CD40\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P25942 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P25942 - NCBI Gene search: CD40 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=CD40 - Ensembl search: CD40 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=CD40 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053396779373,"sku":"CSB-AP005181HU-1MG","price":4254.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053514908013,"sku":"CSB-AP005181HU-500UG","price":2978.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053514940781,"sku":"CSB-AP005181HU-50UG","price":484.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP005181HU-SDS.jpg?v=1772177614"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-interferon-gamma-ifng-active-bhp10506895","title":"Recombinant Human Interferon gamma (IFNG) (Active)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eIFNG\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in E.coli (region 24-166aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 24-166aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Interferon Gamma; IFN-Gamma; Immune Interferon; IFNG. Produced by lymphocytes activated by specific antigens or mitogens. IFN-gamma, in addition to having antiviral activity, has important immunoregulatory functions. It is a potent activator of macrophages, it has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells and it can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eIFNγ is the major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated lymphocytes. It is structurally different from type I interferon and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of class II histocompatibility antigens in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to autoimmune disease. Interferon gamma is produced mainly byT-cells and natural killer cells activated by antigens, mitogens, or alloantigens. It is produced by lymphocytes expressing the surface antigens CD4 and CD8. IFNγ synthesis is induced by IL-2, FGF-basic, and EGF.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving IFNG\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding and specificity benchmarking for detection reagents (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P01579 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P01579 - NCBI Gene search: IFNG — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=IFNG - Ensembl search: IFNG — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=IFNG - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053397369197,"sku":"CSB-AP004201HU-1MG","price":870.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 ug","offer_id":53053513859437,"sku":"CSB-AP004201HU-500UG","price":610.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53053513892205,"sku":"CSB-AP004201HU-50UG","price":194.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-AP004201HU.jpg?v=1772177612"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/collections\/active-angiogenesis-growth-factor-proteins.oembed?page=5","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}