{"title":"Autophagy \u0026 Flux Antibodies","description":"\u003cp\u003eValidated antibodies for autophagy and autophagic-flux studies — LC3B (LC3-I to LC3-II conversion), p62\/SQSTM1, Beclin-1, ULK1, ATG5, ATG7 and more, for Western blot, IHC, and IF. Read LC3-II and p62 together, with the right controls (± lysosomal inhibitor), so a band change reflects real flux, not the antibody.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"anti-human-atg7-polyclonal-antibody-bha21403227","title":"Anti-Human ATG7 Polyclonal Antibody","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverview\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis antibody is intended for research detection of \u003cstrong\u003eATG7\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTarget\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eATG7 (hAGP7)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTarget biology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eATG7 (hAGP7) is a protein of interest in cellular and molecular biology. Measuring its abundance and localization can help characterize pathway state, cell identity, or disease-associated changes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExpected localization\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003epredominantly cytoplasmic (often context-dependent) (may vary by cell type and experimental conditions).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResearch context\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCommonly used in \u003cstrong\u003eProtein Homeostasis \u0026amp; Degradation\u003c\/strong\u003e workflows to study expression changes, pathway state, and cellular localization of ATG7.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompatible workflows\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eELISA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWB\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExperimental notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWestern blot: optimize sample preparation (reducing vs. non‑reducing and denaturing conditions) and titrate antibody to balance sensitivity and background. Apparent molecular weight may vary with isoforms and post‑translational modifications (e.g., glycosylation or phosphorylation).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC: epitope accessibility can depend strongly on fixation and antigen retrieval. Test heat‑induced retrieval buffers (citrate pH ~6 or Tris‑EDTA pH ~9) and adjust retrieval time to improve signal-to-background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eELISA: performance is sensitive to coating conditions and blocking chemistry; optimize capture density and blocking reagent to reduce non‑specific binding.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eControls \u0026amp; interpretation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRecommended controls include a positive sample reported to express the target (literature‑validated cell line or tissue), a negative\/low‑expression sample when available, and ideally genetic knockdown\/knockout or peptide‑blocking approaches to confirm specificity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen context\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eE. coli - derived recombinant Human ATG7 (Ser19-Glu321).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntended use\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor research use only. Not for diagnostic procedures.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AtaGenix Laboratories","offers":[{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53036854575469,"sku":"HF840014-50UG","price":168.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53037434044781,"sku":"HF840014-100UG","price":278.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/HF840014-abinscience-WB-1.jpg?v=1771744619"},{"product_id":"anti-atg5-polyclonal-antibody-bha21403648","title":"Anti-ATG5 Polyclonal Antibody","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverview\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis antibody is intended for research detection of \u003cstrong\u003eATG5\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTarget\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eATG5 (APG5-like)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTarget biology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eATG5 (APG5-like) is a protein of interest in cellular and molecular biology. Measuring its abundance and localization can help characterize pathway state, cell identity, or disease-associated changes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExpected localization\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003econtext-dependent (may vary by cell type and experimental conditions).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResearch context\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCommonly used in \u003cstrong\u003eProtein Homeostasis \u0026amp; Degradation\u003c\/strong\u003e workflows to study expression changes, pathway state, and cellular localization of ATG5.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompatible workflows\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eELISA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWB\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExperimental notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWestern blot: optimize sample preparation (reducing vs. non‑reducing and denaturing conditions) and titrate antibody to balance sensitivity and background. Apparent molecular weight may vary with isoforms and post‑translational modifications (e.g., glycosylation or phosphorylation).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC: epitope accessibility can depend strongly on fixation and antigen retrieval. Test heat‑induced retrieval buffers (citrate pH ~6 or Tris‑EDTA pH ~9) and adjust retrieval time to improve signal-to-background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eELISA: performance is sensitive to coating conditions and blocking chemistry; optimize capture density and blocking reagent to reduce non‑specific binding.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eControls \u0026amp; interpretation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRecommended controls include a positive sample reported to express the target (literature‑validated cell line or tissue), a negative\/low‑expression sample when available, and ideally genetic knockdown\/knockout or peptide‑blocking approaches to confirm specificity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen context\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eE. coli - derived recombinant Human ATG5 (Met1-Asp275).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntended use\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor research use only. Not for diagnostic procedures.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AtaGenix Laboratories","offers":[{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53036868731245,"sku":"HV332014-50UG","price":168.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53037448036717,"sku":"HV332014-100UG","price":278.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/HV332014-abinscience-WB-1.jpg?v=1771744843"},{"product_id":"anti-sqstm1-p62-polyclonal-antibody-bha21403914","title":"Anti-SQSTM1\/p62 Polyclonal Antibody","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverview\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis antibody is intended for research detection of \u003cstrong\u003eSQSTM1\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTarget\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSQSTM1 (Sequestosome-1)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTarget biology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSQSTM1 (Sequestosome-1) is a protein of interest in cellular and molecular biology. Measuring its abundance and localization can help characterize pathway state, cell identity, or disease-associated changes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExpected localization\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003econtext-dependent (may vary by cell type and experimental conditions).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResearch context\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCommonly used in \u003cstrong\u003eProtein Homeostasis \u0026amp; Degradation\u003c\/strong\u003e workflows to study expression changes, pathway state, and cellular localization of SQSTM1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompatible workflows\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eELISA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWB\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExperimental notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWestern blot: optimize sample preparation (reducing vs. non‑reducing and denaturing conditions) and titrate antibody to balance sensitivity and background. Apparent molecular weight may vary with isoforms and post‑translational modifications (e.g., glycosylation or phosphorylation).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC: epitope accessibility can depend strongly on fixation and antigen retrieval. Test heat‑induced retrieval buffers (citrate pH ~6 or Tris‑EDTA pH ~9) and adjust retrieval time to improve signal-to-background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eELISA: performance is sensitive to coating conditions and blocking chemistry; optimize capture density and blocking reagent to reduce non‑specific binding.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eControls \u0026amp; interpretation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRecommended controls include a positive sample reported to express the target (literature‑validated cell line or tissue), a negative\/low‑expression sample when available, and ideally genetic knockdown\/knockout or peptide‑blocking approaches to confirm specificity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen context\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eE. coli - derived recombinant Human SQSTM1 (Met1-Val122).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntended use\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor research use only. Not for diagnostic procedures.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AtaGenix Laboratories","offers":[{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53036877513069,"sku":"HC648014-50UG","price":168.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53037456916845,"sku":"HC648014-100UG","price":278.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/HC648014-WB-1.jpg?v=1771744976"},{"product_id":"anti-cd107b-lamp2-polyclonal-antibody-bha21404495","title":"Anti-CD107b\/LAMP2 Polyclonal Antibody","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverview\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAntibody against LAMP2 (Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2) for research detection of protein expression and localization.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTarget biology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLAMP2 is a molecular target commonly interrogated by antibody-based methods to measure protein expression, localization and regulation across biological systems. Antibodies against LAMP2 support studies ranging from baseline expression profiling to stimulus- or disease-associated changes in abundance and subcellular distribution. For pathway-level interpretation, pair LAMP2 detection with appropriate controls and complementary readouts (e.g., genetic perturbation or orthogonal assays).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExpected localization\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSubcellular localization is target- and context-dependent; use cell-type appropriate controls and, where possible, genetic KO\/KD as specificity controls.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResearch context\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis target is frequently studied in the context of \u003cem\u003eMembrane Transport \u0026amp; Trafficking\u003c\/em\u003e research. Application suitability (e.g., ELISA, IHC, WB) is indicated in the specifications; conditions should be optimized by titration. Species reactivity information is provided in the specifications (reported: Human).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended experimental notes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor Western blotting, optimize lysis conditions and include reducing\/non-reducing conditions as appropriate; titrate antibody to balance sensitivity and background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor IHC, fixation and antigen retrieval strongly influence epitope accessibility; test citrate- vs EDTA-based retrieval and include matched positive\/negative tissues.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor ELISA, ensure capture\/detection antibody compatibility and run a standard curve; verify sample matrix effects with spike-and-recovery and dilution linearity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eControls \u0026amp; interpretation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhere possible, confirm specificity using genetic perturbation (KO\/KD\/CRISPR), peptide competition (if applicable), or an orthogonal readout. Include a negative control sample expected to express low\/none of LAMP2, and a positive control sample known to express LAMP2.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen context\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGenerated using an immunogen derived from E. coli - derived recombinant Human CD107b\/LAMP2 (Leu29-Gln366).. When interpreting results, note that epitope accessibility can vary with denaturation, fixation, or post‑translational modifications; empirical optimization is recommended.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research use only. Not for diagnostic procedures.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AtaGenix Laboratories","offers":[{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53036896092525,"sku":"HY293014-50UG","price":168.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53037481427309,"sku":"HY293014-100UG","price":278.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/HY293014-abinscience-WB-1.jpg?v=1771745403"},{"product_id":"anti-beclin-1-antibody-n248-32-bha21406811","title":"Anti-Beclin-1 Antibody (N248\/32)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverview\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nAnti-Beclin-1 Antibody (N248\/32) targets \u003cstrong\u003eBeclin-1\u003c\/strong\u003e (Beclin-1 autophagy-related pseudogene 1). Frequently used across IHC, WB workflows, depending on experimental design and sample type. This antibody is suited for workflows commonly used in Protein Homeostasis \u0026amp; Degradation research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eTarget biology\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBeclin-1 (Beclin-1 autophagy-related pseudogene 1) is a protein annotated as beclin-1 autophagy-related pseudogene 1, and is commonly profiled for expression and localization in relevant model systems. It is frequently investigated in contexts related to Protein Homeostasis \u0026amp; Degradation. Based on the annotated name\/class, the target is most often associated with context-dependent localization, though this can vary by model system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eHow this antibody helps\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a monoclonal reagent, this antibody is designed for clone-to-clone consistency and epitope-focused recognition. For best performance, interpret signal in the context of appropriate biological controls and orthogonal readouts when available.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eRecommended experimental notes\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTitrate the antibody to optimize signal-to-noise for your specific sample type and detection system.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate positive and negative controls (e.g., target-high vs target-low samples, KO\/KD where available).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor Western blotting, use fresh protease (and phosphatase, if relevant) inhibitors and confirm the primary band at the expected molecular weight; additional bands may reflect isoforms or processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor IHC, optimize fixation and antigen retrieval (buffer\/pH\/heat) and include an isotype\/secondary-only control to assess background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eAdditional notes\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor research use only.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research use only. Not for diagnostic procedures.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AtaGenix Laboratories","offers":[{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53036974309741,"sku":"HA914013-50UG","price":196.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53037617611117,"sku":"HA914013-100UG","price":326.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53037617643885,"sku":"HA914013-1MG","price":1638.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/HA914013-SDS-PAGE-1.jpg?v=1771746893"},{"product_id":"anti-beclin-1-antibody-n248a-22-bha21406809","title":"Anti-Beclin-1 Antibody (N248A\/22)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverview\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nAnti-Beclin-1 Antibody (N248A\/22) targets \u003cstrong\u003eBeclin-1\u003c\/strong\u003e (Beclin-1 autophagy-related pseudogene 1). Frequently used across IHC, WB workflows, depending on experimental design and sample type. This antibody is suited for workflows commonly used in Protein Homeostasis \u0026amp; Degradation research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eTarget biology\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBeclin-1 (Beclin-1 autophagy-related pseudogene 1) is a protein annotated as beclin-1 autophagy-related pseudogene 1, and is commonly profiled for expression and localization in relevant model systems. It is frequently investigated in contexts related to Protein Homeostasis \u0026amp; Degradation. Based on the annotated name\/class, the target is most often associated with context-dependent localization, though this can vary by model system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eHow this antibody helps\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a monoclonal reagent, this antibody is designed for clone-to-clone consistency and epitope-focused recognition. For best performance, interpret signal in the context of appropriate biological controls and orthogonal readouts when available.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eRecommended experimental notes\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTitrate the antibody to optimize signal-to-noise for your specific sample type and detection system.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate positive and negative controls (e.g., target-high vs target-low samples, KO\/KD where available).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor Western blotting, use fresh protease (and phosphatase, if relevant) inhibitors and confirm the primary band at the expected molecular weight; additional bands may reflect isoforms or processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor IHC, optimize fixation and antigen retrieval (buffer\/pH\/heat) and include an isotype\/secondary-only control to assess background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eAdditional notes\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor research use only.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research use only. Not for diagnostic procedures.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AtaGenix Laboratories","offers":[{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53036974473581,"sku":"HA914033-50UG","price":196.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53037617480045,"sku":"HA914033-100UG","price":326.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53037617512813,"sku":"HA914033-1MG","price":1638.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/HA914033-SDS-PAGE-1.jpg?v=1771746928"},{"product_id":"anti-beclin-1-antibody-n248a-15-bha21406810","title":"Anti-Beclin-1 Antibody (N248A\/15)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverview\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nAnti-Beclin-1 Antibody (N248A\/15) targets \u003cstrong\u003eBeclin-1\u003c\/strong\u003e (Beclin-1 autophagy-related pseudogene 1). Frequently used across IHC, WB workflows, depending on experimental design and sample type. This antibody is suited for workflows commonly used in Protein Homeostasis \u0026amp; Degradation research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eTarget biology\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBeclin-1 (Beclin-1 autophagy-related pseudogene 1) is a protein annotated as beclin-1 autophagy-related pseudogene 1, and is commonly profiled for expression and localization in relevant model systems. It is frequently investigated in contexts related to Protein Homeostasis \u0026amp; Degradation. Based on the annotated name\/class, the target is most often associated with context-dependent localization, though this can vary by model system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eHow this antibody helps\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a monoclonal reagent, this antibody is designed for clone-to-clone consistency and epitope-focused recognition. For best performance, interpret signal in the context of appropriate biological controls and orthogonal readouts when available.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eRecommended experimental notes\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTitrate the antibody to optimize signal-to-noise for your specific sample type and detection system.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate positive and negative controls (e.g., target-high vs target-low samples, KO\/KD where available).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor Western blotting, use fresh protease (and phosphatase, if relevant) inhibitors and confirm the primary band at the expected molecular weight; additional bands may reflect isoforms or processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor IHC, optimize fixation and antigen retrieval (buffer\/pH\/heat) and include an isotype\/secondary-only control to assess background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eAdditional notes\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor research use only.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research use only. Not for diagnostic procedures.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AtaGenix Laboratories","offers":[{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53036975096173,"sku":"HA914023-50UG","price":196.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53037617545581,"sku":"HA914023-100UG","price":326.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53037617578349,"sku":"HA914023-1MG","price":1638.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/HA914023-SDS-PAGE-1.jpg?v=1771746904"},{"product_id":"anti-human-cd107a-lamp1-antibody-mab1-apc-bha21411157","title":"Anti-Human CD107a\/LAMP1 Antibody (Mab1), APC","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverview\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nAnti-Human CD107a\/LAMP1 Antibody (Mab1), APC targets \u003cstrong\u003eCD107a\u003c\/strong\u003e (Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1). Frequently used across FCM workflows, depending on experimental design and sample type. This antibody is suited for workflows commonly used in Membrane Transport \u0026amp; Trafficking research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1, Lysosome-associated membrane protein 1, CD107 antigen-like family member A, LAMP-1, LAMP1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eTarget biology\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCD107a (Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1) is a pathogen-derived antigen commonly used to detect infection, antigen expression, or immune responses in research assays. Envelope\/glycoprotein antigens are often surface-exposed and may be assessed for expression, trafficking, and antibody recognition in cell-based systems. Assay performance can depend on native conformation, glycosylation, and sample preparation conditions. Common alternative names and symbols used in the literature include: Lysosome-associated membrane protein 1, CD107 antigen-like family member A, LAMP-1, LAMP1. Based on the annotated name\/class, the target is most often associated with plasma membrane and\/or intracellular membranes localization, though this can vary by model system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eHow this antibody helps\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a monoclonal reagent, this antibody is designed for clone-to-clone consistency and epitope-focused recognition. For best performance, interpret signal in the context of appropriate biological controls and orthogonal readouts when available.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eRecommended experimental notes\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTitrate the antibody to optimize signal-to-noise for your specific sample type and detection system.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate positive and negative controls (e.g., target-high vs target-low samples, KO\/KD where available).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research use only. Not for diagnostic procedures.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AtaGenix Laboratories","offers":[{"title":"100 T","offer_id":53037117374829,"sku":"HY332137-100T","price":352.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/HY332137-flow-1.jpg?v=1771748708"},{"product_id":"anti-human-cd107a-lamp1-antibody-mab1-fitc-bha21412078","title":"Anti-Human CD107a\/LAMP1 Antibody (Mab1), FITC","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverview\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nAnti-Human CD107a\/LAMP1 Antibody (Mab1), FITC targets \u003cstrong\u003eCD107a\u003c\/strong\u003e (Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1). Frequently used across FCM workflows, depending on experimental design and sample type. This antibody is suited for workflows commonly used in Membrane Transport \u0026amp; Trafficking research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1, Lysosome-associated membrane protein 1, CD107 antigen-like family member A, LAMP-1, LAMP1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eTarget biology\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCD107a (Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1) is a pathogen-derived antigen commonly used to detect infection, antigen expression, or immune responses in research assays. Envelope\/glycoprotein antigens are often surface-exposed and may be assessed for expression, trafficking, and antibody recognition in cell-based systems. Assay performance can depend on native conformation, glycosylation, and sample preparation conditions. Common alternative names and symbols used in the literature include: Lysosome-associated membrane protein 1, CD107 antigen-like family member A, LAMP-1, LAMP1. Based on the annotated name\/class, the target is most often associated with plasma membrane and\/or intracellular membranes localization, though this can vary by model system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eHow this antibody helps\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a monoclonal reagent, this antibody is designed for clone-to-clone consistency and epitope-focused recognition. For best performance, interpret signal in the context of appropriate biological controls and orthogonal readouts when available.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eRecommended experimental notes\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTitrate the antibody to optimize signal-to-noise for your specific sample type and detection system.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate positive and negative controls (e.g., target-high vs target-low samples, KO\/KD where available).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research use only. Not for diagnostic procedures.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AtaGenix Laboratories","offers":[{"title":"100 T","offer_id":53037147357549,"sku":"HY332117-100T","price":270.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/abinScience_Antibody_Placeholder_Image_ae769b13-61b6-47fe-b5db-92615a7be198.jpg?v=1784822775"},{"product_id":"anti-human-atg10-polyclonal-antibody-bha21416737","title":"Anti-Human ATG10 Polyclonal Antibody","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverview\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nAnti-Human ATG10 Polyclonal Antibody targets \u003cstrong\u003eATG10\u003c\/strong\u003e (Ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10). Frequently used across ELISA, IHC, WB workflows, depending on experimental design and sample type. This antibody is suited for workflows commonly used in Protein Homeostasis \u0026amp; Degradation research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10, Autophagy-related protein 10, APG10-like, 2.3.2.-, PP12616, APG10L.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eTarget biology\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eATG10 (Ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10) is annotated as ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme atg10 and is commonly profiled for expression and localization in relevant model systems. It is frequently investigated in contexts related to Protein Homeostasis \u0026amp; Degradation. Common alternative names and symbols used in the literature include: Autophagy-related protein 10, APG10-like, 2.3.2.-, PP12616, APG10L. Based on the annotated name\/class, the target is most often associated with context-dependent localization, though this can vary by model system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eHow this antibody helps\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal reagent, this antibody can provide strong sensitivity through recognition of multiple epitopes on the target. For best performance, interpret signal in the context of appropriate biological controls and orthogonal readouts when available.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eAntigen \/ immunogen context\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eE. coli - derived recombinant human ATG10 (Met1-Pro220).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eRecommended experimental notes\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTitrate the antibody to optimize signal-to-noise for your specific sample type and detection system.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate positive and negative controls (e.g., target-high vs target-low samples, KO\/KD where available).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor Western blotting, use fresh protease (and phosphatase, if relevant) inhibitors and confirm the primary band at the expected molecular weight; additional bands may reflect isoforms or processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor IHC, optimize fixation and antigen retrieval (buffer\/pH\/heat) and include an isotype\/secondary-only control to assess background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor ELISA, optimize capture\/detection pairing and run a standard curve in matrix-matched diluent when possible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eAdditional notes\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor research use only\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research use only. Not for diagnostic procedures.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AtaGenix Laboratories","offers":[{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53037212238189,"sku":"HB377014-50UG","price":168.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53037851148653,"sku":"HB377014-100UG","price":278.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/HB377014-abinscience-WB-1.jpg?v=1771749641"},{"product_id":"anti-human-ulk1-polyclonal-antibody-bha21417647","title":"Anti-Human ULK1 Polyclonal Antibody","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverview\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nAnti-Human ULK1 Polyclonal Antibody targets \u003cstrong\u003eULK1\u003c\/strong\u003e (Serine\/threonine-protein kinase ULK1). Frequently used across ELISA, IHC, WB workflows, depending on experimental design and sample type. This antibody is suited for workflows commonly used in Protein Homeostasis \u0026amp; Degradation research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Serine\/threonine-protein kinase ULK1, Autophagy-related protein 1 homolog, Unc-51-like kinase 1, KIAA0722, hATG1, ATG1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eTarget biology\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eULK1 (Serine\/threonine-protein kinase ULK1) encodes a kinase that regulates cellular processes through phosphorylation of protein substrates. Kinase activation and phosphorylation-dependent mobility shifts may influence Western blot banding and assay interpretation. Common alternative names and symbols used in the literature include: Autophagy-related protein 1 homolog, Unc-51-like kinase 1, KIAA0722, hATG1, ATG1. Based on the annotated name\/class, the target is most often associated with context-dependent localization, though this can vary by model system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eHow this antibody helps\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal reagent, this antibody can provide strong sensitivity through recognition of multiple epitopes on the target. For best performance, interpret signal in the context of appropriate biological controls and orthogonal readouts when available.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eAntigen \/ immunogen context\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eE. coli - derived recombinant Human ULK1 (Met1-His275).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eRecommended experimental notes\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTitrate the antibody to optimize signal-to-noise for your specific sample type and detection system.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate positive and negative controls (e.g., target-high vs target-low samples, KO\/KD where available).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor Western blotting, use fresh protease (and phosphatase, if relevant) inhibitors and confirm the primary band at the expected molecular weight; additional bands may reflect isoforms or processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor IHC, optimize fixation and antigen retrieval (buffer\/pH\/heat) and include an isotype\/secondary-only control to assess background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor ELISA, optimize capture\/detection pairing and run a standard curve in matrix-matched diluent when possible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eAdditional notes\u003c\/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor research use only.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research use only. Not for diagnostic procedures.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AtaGenix Laboratories","offers":[{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53037241860461,"sku":"HF942014-50UG","price":168.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53037883457901,"sku":"HF942014-100UG","price":278.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/HF942014-WB-1.jpg?v=1771749911"},{"product_id":"anti-human-cd107a-lamp1-antibody-mab1-bha21418050","title":"Anti-Human CD107a\/LAMP1 Antibody (Mab1)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverview\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nAnti-Human CD107a\/LAMP1 Antibody (Mab1) targets \u003cstrong\u003eCD107a\u003c\/strong\u003e (Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1). Frequently used across FCM workflows, depending on experimental design and sample type. This antibody is suited for workflows commonly used in Membrane Transport \u0026amp; Trafficking research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1, CD107 antigen-like family member A, Lysosome-associated membrane protein 1, LAMP-1, LAMP1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eTarget biology\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCD107a (Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1) is a pathogen-derived antigen commonly used to detect infection, antigen expression, or immune responses in research assays. Envelope\/glycoprotein antigens are often surface-exposed and may be assessed for expression, trafficking, and antibody recognition in cell-based systems. Assay performance can depend on native conformation, glycosylation, and sample preparation conditions. Common alternative names and symbols used in the literature include: CD107 antigen-like family member A, Lysosome-associated membrane protein 1, LAMP-1, LAMP1. Based on the annotated name\/class, the target is most often associated with plasma membrane and\/or intracellular membranes localization, though this can vary by model system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eHow this antibody helps\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a monoclonal reagent, this antibody is designed for clone-to-clone consistency and epitope-focused recognition. For best performance, interpret signal in the context of appropriate biological controls and orthogonal readouts when available.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eRecommended experimental notes\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTitrate the antibody to optimize signal-to-noise for your specific sample type and detection system.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate positive and negative controls (e.g., target-high vs target-low samples, KO\/KD where available).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research use only. Not for diagnostic procedures.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AtaGenix Laboratories","offers":[{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53037254836589,"sku":"HY332107-100UG","price":270.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/abinScience_Antibody_Placeholder_Image_269f661f-1ea2-4dbc-9e53-09444227f819.jpg?v=1784822871"},{"product_id":"anti-human-cd107a-lamp1-antibody-mab1-pe-bha21419290","title":"Anti-Human CD107a\/LAMP1 Antibody (Mab1), PE","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverview\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nCanine IgG4, lambda Isotype Control Antibody (HyHEL-10), PE targets \u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e. Frequently used across FCM, Isotype Control workflows, depending on experimental design and sample type. This antibody is suited for workflows commonly used in Molecular \u0026amp; Cellular Biology research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eTarget biology\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eis a molecular target evaluated in cellular and tissue assays to study expression, localization, and regulation. It is frequently investigated in contexts related to Molecular \u0026amp; Cellular Biology. Based on the annotated name\/class, the target is most often associated with context-dependent localization, though this can vary by model system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eHow this antibody helps\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a monoclonal reagent, this antibody is designed for clone-to-clone consistency and epitope-focused recognition. For best performance, interpret signal in the context of appropriate biological controls and orthogonal readouts when available.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eRecommended experimental notes\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTitrate the antibody to optimize signal-to-noise for your specific sample type and detection system.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate positive and negative controls (e.g., target-high vs target-low samples, KO\/KD where available).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research use only. Not for diagnostic procedures.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"AtaGenix Laboratories","offers":[{"title":"100 T","offer_id":53037296353645,"sku":"HY332127-100T","price":352.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/abinScience_Antibody_Placeholder_Image_ac08f49c-b005-4bc6-8e1a-18782c04d136.jpg?v=1784822925"},{"product_id":"lamp2-antibody-bha11900600","title":"LAMP2 Antibody","description":"\u003cp\u003eLAMP2 (Lysosome-Associated Membrane Protein 2) is a transmembrane glycoprotein essential for lysosomal function and autophagy. It facilitates the maturation of autophagic vacuoles and the degradation of cellular debris. LAMP2 is expressed in lysosomes, late endosomes, and at the plasma membrane, where it may mediate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. In neurodegenerative diseases, LAMP2 deficiency or dysfunction impairs autophagic clearance, leading to the accumulation of toxic proteins and organelles. This contributes to neuronal death in disorders such as Danon disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. LAMP2 also participates in immune responses, promoting leukocyte adhesion and mast cell activation. Its role in lysosomal trafficking and neuroinflammation underscores its importance as a biomarker and therapeutic target in neurodegeneration.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"StressMarq Biosciences Inc.","offers":[{"title":"100 ug \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53040786899309,"sku":"SMC-141D","price":313.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ ATTO 390","offer_id":53040830644589,"sku":"SMC-141D-A390","price":368.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ ATTO 488","offer_id":53040830677357,"sku":"SMC-141D-A488","price":367.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ ATTO 594","offer_id":53040830710125,"sku":"SMC-141D-A594","price":367.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ APC","offer_id":53040830742893,"sku":"SMC-141D-APC","price":366.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ BI","offer_id":53040830775661,"sku":"SMC-141D-BI","price":362.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ FITC","offer_id":53040830808429,"sku":"SMC-141D-FITC","price":358.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ HRP","offer_id":53040830841197,"sku":"SMC-141D-HRP","price":354.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ PCP","offer_id":53040830873965,"sku":"SMC-141D-PCP","price":366.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ RPE","offer_id":53040830906733,"sku":"SMC-141D-RPE","price":363.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/SMC-141_LAMP2_Antibody_GL2A7_ICC-IF_Rabbit_Corneal-Endothelial-Cell-CEC_1.png?v=1771832140"},{"product_id":"lamp1-antibody-bha11900580","title":"LAMP1 Antibody","description":"\u003cp\u003eLAMP1 (Lysosome-Associated Membrane Protein 1) is a key structural component of the lysosomal membrane, playing a central role in lysosomal stability, autophagy, and immune signaling. Expressed primarily in late endosomes and lysosomes, LAMP1 is involved in intracellular trafficking and the degradation of cellular waste. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, LAMP1 dysregulation is associated with impaired autophagic flux, lysosomal dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. Aberrant localization of LAMP1, due to mutations in its carboxyl-terminal tyrosine-based motif (YXXI), disrupts lysosomal targeting and contributes to cellular stress. Additionally, LAMP1 is implicated in mast cell activation and inflammatory responses, promoting leukocyte adhesion and potentially exacerbating neuroinflammatory cascades. As a biomarker of lysosomal integrity and glial activation, LAMP1 offers insight into the lysosomal-autophagy axis in neurodegeneration and represents a promising target for therapeutic intervention.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"StressMarq Biosciences Inc.","offers":[{"title":"100 ug \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53040787554669,"sku":"SMC-140D","price":326.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ ATTO 390","offer_id":53040811802989,"sku":"SMC-140D-A390","price":381.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ ATTO 488","offer_id":53040811835757,"sku":"SMC-140D-A488","price":380.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ ATTO 594","offer_id":53040811868525,"sku":"SMC-140D-A594","price":380.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ APC","offer_id":53040811901293,"sku":"SMC-140D-APC","price":379.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ BI","offer_id":53040811934061,"sku":"SMC-140D-BI","price":376.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ FITC","offer_id":53040811966829,"sku":"SMC-140D-FITC","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ HRP","offer_id":53040811999597,"sku":"SMC-140D-HRP","price":366.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ PCP","offer_id":53040812032365,"sku":"SMC-140D-PCP","price":379.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ RPE","offer_id":53040812065133,"sku":"SMC-140D-RPE","price":377.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/SMC-140_LAMP1_Antibody_Ly1C6_ICC-IF_Human_transfected-HeLa-cells_1.png?v=1771832132"},{"product_id":"ulk1-antibody-bha11908584","title":"ULK1 Antibody","description":"\u003cp\u003eUNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) is a serine\/threonine kinase broadly expressed in mammalian tissues, with a critical role in neuronal development and homeostasis. Structurally, ULK1 comprises an N-terminal kinase domain, a central proline\/serine-rich region, and a highly conserved C-terminal domain. Functionally, ULK1 is a mammalian homolog of yeast Atg1 and serves as a master regulator of autophagy initiation—a process essential for cellular quality control and survival under stress.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the nervous system, ULK1 has been directly implicated in axonal growth, synaptic remodeling, and neuronal survival. Its ability to interact with multiple autophagy-related (ATG) proteins enables it to orchestrate phosphorylation-dependent signaling cascades that regulate autophagosome formation and intracellular trafficking. Dysregulation of ULK1 activity has been associated with impaired autophagic flux, a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s disease.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eGiven its dual role in autophagy and axonal dynamics, ULK1 represents a promising therapeutic target in neuroscience and neurodegeneration research. 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It resides primarily across lysosomal membranes, and functions to provide selectins with carbohydrate ligands. It has also been shown to be a marker of degranulation on lymphocytes such as CD8+ and NK cells and may also play a role in tumor cell differentiation and metastasis. 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Efficient DNA-binding requires dimerization with itself or with another MiT\/TFE family member such as TFE3 or MITF. In association with TFE3, activates the expression of CD40L in T-cells, thereby playing a role in T-cell-dependent antibody responses in activated CD4(+) T-cells and thymus-dependent humoral immunity. Specifically recognizes and binds the CLEAR-box sequence (5'-GTCACGTGAC-3') present in the regulatory region of many lysosomal genes, leading to activate their expression. It thereby plays a central role in expression of lysosomal genes. Specifically recognizes the gamma-E3 box, a subset of E-boxes, present in the heavy-chain immunoglobulin enhancer. 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Target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through the control of phosphorylation status of ATG13\/KIAA0652 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1-RB1CC1 complex (By similarity). Phosphorylates ATG13\/KIAA0652. Involved in axon growth (By similarity). 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The protein functions as a scaffolding\/adaptor protein in concert with TNF receptor-associated factor 6 to mediate activation of NF-kB in response to upstream signals. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding either the same or different isoforms have been identified for this gene. 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This protein may play a role in titin\/TTN downstream signaling in muscle cells, and may also regulate signaling cascades through ubiquitination. This protein is involved in cell differentiation, apoptosis, immune response and regulation of K(+) channels. SQSTM1\/p62 also appears to play a role in macroautophagic removal of intracellular protein aggregates. 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Required for autophagosome formation (By similarity). Target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through the control of phosphorylation status of ATG13\/KIAA0652 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1-RB1CC1 complex (By similarity). Phosphorylates ATG13\/KIAA0652. Involved in axon growth (By similarity). Plays an essential role in neurite extension of cerebellar granule cells (By similarity). 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Target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through the control of phosphorylation status of ATG13\/KIAA0652 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1-RB1CC1 complex (By similarity). Phosphorylates ATG13\/KIAA0652. Involved in axon growth (By similarity). 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Required for autophagosome formation (By similarity). Target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through the control of phosphorylation status of ATG13\/KIAA0652 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1-RB1CC1 complex (By similarity). Phosphorylates ATG13\/KIAA0652. Involved in axon growth (By similarity). Plays an essential role in neurite extension of cerebellar granule cells (By similarity).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.08 ml","offer_id":53042898010477,"sku":"F48812-0.08ML","price":205.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.4 ml","offer_id":53042980389229,"sku":"F48812-0.4ML","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_a575dd2a-87e1-4335-81b4-a247bfe286ea.jpg?v=1771923834"},{"product_id":"ulk1-antibody-bha17101948","title":"ULK1 Antibody","description":"\u003cp\u003eULK1\/ATG1 is involved in autophagy. It is required for autophagosome formation. Target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through the control of phosphorylation status of ATG13 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1-RB1CC1 complex. Phosphorylates ATG13. It is involved in axon growth and plays an essential role in neurite extension of cerebellar granule cells. 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May regulate the activation of NFKB1 by TNF-alpha, nerve growth factor (NGF) and interleukin-1. May play a role in titin\/TTN downstream signaling in muscle cells. May regulate signaling cascades through ubiquitination. Adapter that mediates the interaction between TRAF6 and CYLD (By similarity). May be involved in cell differentiation, apoptosis, immune response and regulation of K(+) channels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Purified\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.08 ml","offer_id":53042924650861,"sku":"F52989-0.08ML","price":205.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.4 ml","offer_id":53043006505325,"sku":"F52989-0.4ML","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_c0680929-bf05-4ce1-b462-75729db58a88.jpg?v=1771923988"},{"product_id":"atg5-antibody-bha17102260","title":"Atg5 Antibody","description":"\u003cp\u003eAtg5 is involved in autophagic vesicle formation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.08 ml","offer_id":53042924781933,"sku":"F53143-0.08ML","price":205.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.4 ml","offer_id":53043008176493,"sku":"F53143-0.4ML","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_4840ebcd-6214-45aa-a8e9-f4910dd34964.jpg?v=1771923996"},{"product_id":"zebrafish-beclin-1-antibody-bha17102301","title":"Zebrafish Beclin-1 Antibody","description":"\u003cp\u003eBeclin 1 is thought to function as a VPS and autophagy protein as part of a complex with Class III PI3 kinase, Vps34.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.08 ml","offer_id":53042926879085,"sku":"F53282-0.08ML","price":205.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.4 ml","offer_id":53043009651053,"sku":"F53282-0.4ML","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_62ba57b5-b61f-4338-90d3-5bf6b302527e.jpg?v=1771924001"},{"product_id":"atg5-antibody-zebrafish-bha17102324","title":"Atg5 Antibody (Zebrafish)","description":"\u003cp\u003eInvolved in autophagic vesicle formation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.08 ml","offer_id":53042927567213,"sku":"F53381-0.08ML","price":205.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.4 ml","offer_id":53043010175341,"sku":"F53381-0.4ML","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_e4c75a5e-d045-49c9-8acd-c4df2151d4e8.jpg?v=1771924003"},{"product_id":"atg7-antibody-bha17102338","title":"ATG7 Antibody","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis gene was identified based on homology to Pichia pastoris GSA7 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae APG7. 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This product is a monoclonal (mouse origin) antibody (host: Mouse; isotype: Mouse lgG1) intended for research use only.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Monoclonal (mouse origin); host Mouse; isotype Mouse lgG1; clone 8F1-2C11-D9.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat and purification:\u003c\/strong\u003e format: Purified; purity: Protein G affinity.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity (reported):\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Rat.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications (listed):\u003c\/strong\u003e WB.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e A synthetic protein specific to ATG5 was used as the immunogen for the ATG5 antibody..\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese attributes help you align the antibody with the biological question (target state, sample type, and readout) while keeping interpretation grounded in appropriate controls.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eATG5 is the intended antigen for this primary antibody. Reported biological context includes: Required for autophagy. Conjugates to ATG12 and associates with isolation membrane to form cup-shaped isolation membrane and autophagosome.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpatial and single-cell approaches: imaging-based and cytometry workflows increasingly quantify heterogeneity and relocalization rather than only bulk abundance.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eInteraction-centric biology: IP-based enrichment and proteomics are widely used to define complexes, binding partners, and context-specific interactomes.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eWestern blot (WB): compare relative abundance\/isoform patterns across conditions and sample types; band shifts may reflect processing or post-translational modification.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcross these readouts, differences in signal intensity, localization, or complex enrichment are typically interpreted alongside sample-matched controls and independent evidence to distinguish regulation from technical variation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIsoforms, cleavage products, or post-translational modifications can alter apparent molecular weight and subcellular distribution; interpret bands and staining patterns in the context of expected biology and sample preparation.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpecies differences and epitope conservation may affect binding; use matched positive controls and orthogonal evidence when comparing across organisms.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eControl concepts: include appropriate isotype and secondary-only controls (for imaging), and consider genetic perturbations (knockout\/knockdown\/overexpression) or independent antibodies targeting distinct epitopes to strengthen conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpitope context is defined by the immunogen description; when available, align this with known domains, PTM sites, or family homology to anticipate potential cross-reactivity patterns. As a monoclonal antibody, binding is driven by a single epitope, which can support consistent recognition but may be sensitive to epitope masking by PTMs or conformational changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB entry (Q9H1Y0) — UniProt Consortium — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q9H1Y0\/entry - NCBI Gene search (ATG5) — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=ATG5 - Ensembl search (ATG5) — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=ATG5 - PubMed search (ATG5) — NLM — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=ATG5 - Reactome pathway search (ATG5) — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/content\/query?q=ATG5 --\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"In PBS with 50% glycerol and 0.03% ProClin 300 \/ 0.1 ml","offer_id":53043212550509,"sku":"F54059-0.1ML","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_c1669cbf-b1db-4fde-b2e3-36d4f553b5e2.jpg?v=1771934142"},{"product_id":"atg7-antibody-apg7-bha17102853","title":"ATG7 Antibody \/ APG7","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eATG7 antibody supplied as a purified reagent for IF, WB, IHC-P in Human, Mouse samples. This product is a polyclonal (rabbit origin) antibody (host: Rabbit; isotype: Rabbit Ig) intended for research use only.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Polyclonal (rabbit origin); host Rabbit; isotype Rabbit Ig.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat and purification:\u003c\/strong\u003e format: Purified; purity: Antigen affinity purified.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity (reported):\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications (listed):\u003c\/strong\u003e IF, WB, IHC-P.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e A portion of amino acids 540-569 from the human protein was used as the immunogen for the ATG7 antibody..\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese attributes help you align the antibody with the biological question (target state, sample type, and readout) while keeping interpretation grounded in appropriate controls.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eATG7 is the intended antigen for this primary antibody. Reported biological context includes: Macroautophagy is the major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane bound autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane bound structure, which then fuse with the lysosome (or vacuole) releasing a single-membrane bound autophagic bodies which…\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpatial and single-cell approaches: imaging-based and cytometry workflows increasingly quantify heterogeneity and relocalization rather than only bulk abundance.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eInteraction-centric biology: IP-based enrichment and proteomics are widely used to define complexes, binding partners, and context-specific interactomes.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eImmunofluorescence (IF): visualize localization and co-localization patterns in cells or tissues.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eWestern blot (WB): compare relative abundance\/isoform patterns across conditions and sample types; band shifts may reflect processing or post-translational modification.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIHC-P: commonly used to measure relative target levels or localization changes in the context of the experimental question.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcross these readouts, differences in signal intensity, localization, or complex enrichment are typically interpreted alongside sample-matched controls and independent evidence to distinguish regulation from technical variation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIsoforms, cleavage products, or post-translational modifications can alter apparent molecular weight and subcellular distribution; interpret bands and staining patterns in the context of expected biology and sample preparation.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpecies differences and epitope conservation may affect binding; use matched positive controls and orthogonal evidence when comparing across organisms.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eControl concepts: include appropriate isotype and secondary-only controls (for imaging), and consider genetic perturbations (knockout\/knockdown\/overexpression) or independent antibodies targeting distinct epitopes to strengthen conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpitope context is defined by the immunogen description; when available, align this with known domains, PTM sites, or family homology to anticipate potential cross-reactivity patterns. As a polyclonal antibody, recognition spans multiple epitopes, which can improve detection across conformations but may broaden background depending on sample context.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB entry (O95352) — UniProt Consortium — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/O95352\/entry - NCBI Gene search (ATG7) — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=ATG7 - Ensembl search (ATG7) — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=ATG7 - PubMed search (ATG7) — NLM — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=ATG7 - Reactome pathway search (ATG7) — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/content\/query?q=ATG7 --\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.08 ml","offer_id":53043218743661,"sku":"F54380-0.08ML","price":205.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.4 ml","offer_id":53043620577645,"sku":"F54380-0.4ML","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_232f073b-d9d2-4ce5-9f1c-28755b0535de.jpg?v=1771934162"},{"product_id":"beclin-1-antibody-bha17104479","title":"Beclin 1 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeclin 1 antibody supplied as a antigen affinity purified reagent for WB in Human, Mouse, Rat samples. This product is a polyclonal (rabbit origin) antibody (host: Rabbit; isotype: Rabbit IgG) intended for research use only.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Polyclonal (rabbit origin); host Rabbit; isotype Rabbit IgG.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat and purification:\u003c\/strong\u003e format: Antigen affinity purified; purity: Antigen affinity.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity (reported):\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications (listed):\u003c\/strong\u003e WB.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Amino acids 222-237 (LDQEEAQYQREYSEFK) were used as the immunogen for this Beclin 1 antibody (100% homologous in human, mouse and rat)..\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese attributes help you align the antibody with the biological question (target state, sample type, and readout) while keeping interpretation grounded in appropriate controls.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeclin 1 is the intended antigen for this primary antibody. Reported biological context includes: Bellini-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BECN1 gene, also known as BECN1, ATG6, VPS30, Coiled-coil myosin-like BCL2-interacting protein, Protein GT197, autophagy-related gene 6 (ATG6). Beclin 1 and its binding partner class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), also named Vps34, are required for the initiation of the formation of the autophagosome in autophagy.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003ePost-translational modification mapping: phosphorylation-site–resolved antibodies are used to connect signaling inputs to target activation states and downstream readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSignal-flow and turnover studies: researchers pair immunodetection with perturbations that modulate enzymatic activity or proteostasis to understand regulation, stability, and feedback.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpatial and single-cell approaches: imaging-based and cytometry workflows increasingly quantify heterogeneity and relocalization rather than only bulk abundance.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eWestern blot (WB): compare relative abundance\/isoform patterns across conditions and sample types; band shifts may reflect processing or post-translational modification.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcross these readouts, differences in signal intensity, localization, or complex enrichment are typically interpreted alongside sample-matched controls and independent evidence to distinguish regulation from technical variation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIsoforms, cleavage products, or post-translational modifications can alter apparent molecular weight and subcellular distribution; interpret bands and staining patterns in the context of expected biology and sample preparation.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpecies differences and epitope conservation may affect binding; use matched positive controls and orthogonal evidence when comparing across organisms.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eControl concepts: include appropriate isotype and secondary-only controls (for imaging), and consider genetic perturbations (knockout\/knockdown\/overexpression) or independent antibodies targeting distinct epitopes to strengthen conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpitope context is defined by the immunogen description; when available, align this with known domains, PTM sites, or family homology to anticipate potential cross-reactivity patterns. 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