{"title":"Cardiovascular","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"human-tryptase-tpsab1-b2-elisa-kit-ez-set-diy-antibody-pairs-bhe21000018","title":"Human Tryptase\/TPSAB1,B2 ELISA Kit EZ-Set™ (DIY Antibody Pairs)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Tryptase beta-2, Tryptase-2, 3.4.21.59, Tryptase II, TPSB2, TPS2.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eTryptase\/TPSAB1,B2\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eTryptase\/TPSAB1,B2\u003c\/strong\u003e) is widely studied as a molecular readout in experimental models where changes in protein abundance reflect underlying biology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eCardiovascular\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. As with many protein targets, abundance can be influenced by transcriptional regulation, secretion or shedding, proteolytic processing, and clearance. Quantitative measurement is often used to connect molecular changes with phenotypes such as stress responses, immune activation, differentiation, or tissue remodeling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological context and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eProtein-level readouts complement nucleic-acid measurements by reflecting post-transcriptional control and protein stability. Depending on the model system, changes may be transient or sustained, and may represent direct pathway engagement or secondary effects. When interpreting results, consider sample matrix effects, timing relative to stimulation or treatment, and whether complexes or modified forms of the analyte may be present.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComparative quantification:\u003c\/strong\u003e Supports analysis across experimental groups, time points, or dose ranges.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePathway context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Useful as part of a broader marker panel to triangulate biological mechanisms.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eModel characterization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Helps profile baseline vs perturbed states in cells, tissues, or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eRelated pathways and interacting partners\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor many targets, interpretability improves when measured alongside biologically connected markers (e.g., upstream regulators, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators). Designing panels around a pathway hypothesis can help distinguish primary pathway activation from general stress or inflammation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"5 plates\/kit","offer_id":52920801788269,"sku":"EZ0898","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ez0898_1_1321d91b-3b0c-4a08-a9d9-942dbf772d01.png?v=1769077474"},{"product_id":"mouse-il-2-interleukin-2-elisa-kit-ez-set-diy-antibody-pairs-bhe21000133","title":"Mouse IL-2\/Interleukin-2 ELISA Kit EZ-Set™ (DIY Antibody Pairs)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMouse \u003cstrong\u003eIL-2\/Interleukin-2\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eIl2\u003c\/strong\u003e) is a commonly measured biological analyte that can provide insight into cellular state and tissue physiology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eCardiovascular\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. Cytokines and chemokines act as soluble messengers that coordinate immune cell activation, trafficking, and effector functions. Their concentrations can change rapidly in response to infection, tissue injury, or immune stimulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological function and signaling context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn immune signaling networks, cytokine production is often induced by pattern-recognition pathways and inflammatory transcriptional programs, while feedback regulators can dampen responses to restore homeostasis. Chemokine gradients guide leukocyte migration, influencing which cell populations accumulate at a site and how long they persist.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmune activation readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shifts in abundance can reflect pathway engagement and cellular activation state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMicroenvironment profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Levels can help characterize inflammatory tone in tissues or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResponse monitoring:\u003c\/strong\u003e Time-course measurements support interpretation of stimulus, treatment, or infection models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMany cytokines and chemokines are reported to associate with inflammatory, autoimmune, infectious, and oncology-related processes. In research settings, interpreting changes benefits from pairing this analyte with complementary markers (e.g., upstream triggers, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators) and considering matrix effects.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"5 plates\/kit","offer_id":52920805589357,"sku":"EZ0398","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ez0398_b717fdfd-be64-4d23-8667-b222aa79c1a0.png?v=1769077520"},{"product_id":"mouse-resistin-picokine-quick-elisa-kit-bhe21000157","title":"Mouse Resistin PicoKine® Quick ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Resistin, isoform CRA_a, Retn, Xcp4, mCG_13014.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMouse \u003cstrong\u003eResistin\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eRetn\u003c\/strong\u003e) is widely studied as a molecular readout in experimental models where changes in protein abundance reflect underlying biology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eCardiovascular\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. As with many protein targets, abundance can be influenced by transcriptional regulation, secretion or shedding, proteolytic processing, and clearance. Quantitative measurement is often used to connect molecular changes with phenotypes such as stress responses, immune activation, differentiation, or tissue remodeling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological context and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eProtein-level readouts complement nucleic-acid measurements by reflecting post-transcriptional control and protein stability. Depending on the model system, changes may be transient or sustained, and may represent direct pathway engagement or secondary effects. When interpreting results, consider sample matrix effects, timing relative to stimulation or treatment, and whether complexes or modified forms of the analyte may be present.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComparative quantification:\u003c\/strong\u003e Supports analysis across experimental groups, time points, or dose ranges.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePathway context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Useful as part of a broader marker panel to triangulate biological mechanisms.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eModel characterization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Helps profile baseline vs perturbed states in cells, tissues, or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eRelated pathways and interacting partners\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor many targets, interpretability improves when measured alongside biologically connected markers (e.g., upstream regulators, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators). Designing panels around a pathway hypothesis can help distinguish primary pathway activation from general stress or inflammation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920806343021,"sku":"FEK0582","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek0582-ELISA-mouse-resistin-picokine-elisa-kit_a01e69dd-c3b0-4778-9421-ceb707145b68.png?v=1769077530"},{"product_id":"human-kallistatin-serpina4-picokine-quick-elisa-kit-bhe21000237","title":"Human Kallistatin\/Serpina4 PicoKine® Quick ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eKallistatin\/Serpina4\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eCST3\u003c\/strong\u003e) is a commonly measured biological analyte that can provide insight into cellular state and tissue physiology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eCardiovascular\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. As with many protein targets, abundance can be influenced by transcriptional regulation, secretion or shedding, proteolytic processing, and clearance. Quantitative measurement is often used to connect molecular changes with phenotypes such as stress responses, immune activation, differentiation, or tissue remodeling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological context and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eProtein-level readouts complement nucleic-acid measurements by reflecting post-transcriptional control and protein stability. Depending on the model system, changes may be transient or sustained, and may represent direct pathway engagement or secondary effects. When interpreting results, consider sample matrix effects, timing relative to stimulation or treatment, and whether complexes or modified forms of the analyte may be present.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComparative quantification:\u003c\/strong\u003e Supports analysis across experimental groups, time points, or dose ranges.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePathway context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Useful as part of a broader marker panel to triangulate biological mechanisms.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eModel characterization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Helps profile baseline vs perturbed states in cells, tissues, or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eRelated pathways and interacting partners\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor many targets, interpretability improves when measured alongside biologically connected markers (e.g., upstream regulators, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators). Designing panels around a pathway hypothesis can help distinguish primary pathway activation from general stress or inflammation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920809226605,"sku":"FEK0836","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/fek0836.png?v=1769077565"},{"product_id":"human-gm-csf-elisa-kit-picokine-bhe21000377","title":"Human GM-CSF ELISA Kit PicoKine®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF, Colony-stimulating factor, CSF, Molgramostin, Sargramostim, CSF2, GMCSF.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eGM-CSF\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eCSF2\u003c\/strong\u003e) is a commonly measured biological analyte that can provide insight into cellular state and tissue physiology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eCardiovascular\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. Cytokines and chemokines act as soluble messengers that coordinate immune cell activation, trafficking, and effector functions. Their concentrations can change rapidly in response to infection, tissue injury, or immune stimulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological function and signaling context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn immune signaling networks, cytokine production is often induced by pattern-recognition pathways and inflammatory transcriptional programs, while feedback regulators can dampen responses to restore homeostasis. Chemokine gradients guide leukocyte migration, influencing which cell populations accumulate at a site and how long they persist.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmune activation readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shifts in abundance can reflect pathway engagement and cellular activation state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMicroenvironment profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Levels can help characterize inflammatory tone in tissues or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResponse monitoring:\u003c\/strong\u003e Time-course measurements support interpretation of stimulus, treatment, or infection models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMany cytokines and chemokines are reported to associate with inflammatory, autoimmune, infectious, and oncology-related processes. In research settings, interpreting changes benefits from pairing this analyte with complementary markers (e.g., upstream triggers, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators) and considering matrix effects.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920813945197,"sku":"EK0364","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek0364.png?v=1769077653"},{"product_id":"human-gp130-il6st-elisa-kit-picokine-bhe21000380","title":"Human Gp130\/IL6ST ELISA Kit PicoKine®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Interleukin-6 receptor subunit beta, IL-6 receptor subunit beta, IL-6R subunit beta, IL-6R-beta, IL-6RB, CDw130, Interleukin-6 signal transducer, Membrane glycoprotein 130.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eGp130\/IL6ST\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eIL6ST\u003c\/strong\u003e) is an established target in many assay panels, supporting hypothesis testing across diverse biological systems. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eCardiovascular\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. Cytokines and chemokines act as soluble messengers that coordinate immune cell activation, trafficking, and effector functions. Their concentrations can change rapidly in response to infection, tissue injury, or immune stimulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological function and signaling context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn immune signaling networks, cytokine production is often induced by pattern-recognition pathways and inflammatory transcriptional programs, while feedback regulators can dampen responses to restore homeostasis. Chemokine gradients guide leukocyte migration, influencing which cell populations accumulate at a site and how long they persist.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmune activation readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shifts in abundance can reflect pathway engagement and cellular activation state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMicroenvironment profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Levels can help characterize inflammatory tone in tissues or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResponse monitoring:\u003c\/strong\u003e Time-course measurements support interpretation of stimulus, treatment, or infection models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMany cytokines and chemokines are reported to associate with inflammatory, autoimmune, infectious, and oncology-related processes. In research settings, interpreting changes benefits from pairing this analyte with complementary markers (e.g., upstream triggers, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators) and considering matrix effects.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920814109037,"sku":"EK0367","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek0367.jpg?v=1769077654"},{"product_id":"human-ccl17-tarc-elisa-kit-picokine-bhe21000564","title":"Human CCL17\/TARC ELISA Kit PicoKine®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e C-C motif chemokine 17, CC chemokine TARC, Small-inducible cytokine A17, Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, CCL17, SCYA17, TARC.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eCCL17\/TARC\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eCCL17\u003c\/strong\u003e) is an established target in many assay panels, supporting hypothesis testing across diverse biological systems. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eCardiovascular\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. Cytokines and chemokines act as soluble messengers that coordinate immune cell activation, trafficking, and effector functions. Their concentrations can change rapidly in response to infection, tissue injury, or immune stimulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological function and signaling context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn immune signaling networks, cytokine production is often induced by pattern-recognition pathways and inflammatory transcriptional programs, while feedback regulators can dampen responses to restore homeostasis. Chemokine gradients guide leukocyte migration, influencing which cell populations accumulate at a site and how long they persist.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmune activation readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shifts in abundance can reflect pathway engagement and cellular activation state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMicroenvironment profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Levels can help characterize inflammatory tone in tissues or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResponse monitoring:\u003c\/strong\u003e Time-course measurements support interpretation of stimulus, treatment, or infection models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMany cytokines and chemokines are reported to associate with inflammatory, autoimmune, infectious, and oncology-related processes. In research settings, interpreting changes benefits from pairing this analyte with complementary markers (e.g., upstream triggers, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators) and considering matrix effects.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920820597101,"sku":"EK0684","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek0684_1.png?v=1769077745"},{"product_id":"human-klk5-kallikrein-5-elisa-kit-picokine-bhe21000634","title":"Human KLK5\/Kallikrein-5 ELISA Kit PicoKine®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Kallikrein-5, 3.4.21.-, Kallikrein-like protein 2, KLK-L2, Stratum corneum tryptic enzyme, KLK5, SCTE, UNQ570\/PRO1132.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eKLK5\/Kallikrein-5\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eKLK5\u003c\/strong\u003e) is an established target in many assay panels, supporting hypothesis testing across diverse biological systems. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eCardiovascular\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. As with many protein targets, abundance can be influenced by transcriptional regulation, secretion or shedding, proteolytic processing, and clearance. Quantitative measurement is often used to connect molecular changes with phenotypes such as stress responses, immune activation, differentiation, or tissue remodeling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological context and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eProtein-level readouts complement nucleic-acid measurements by reflecting post-transcriptional control and protein stability. Depending on the model system, changes may be transient or sustained, and may represent direct pathway engagement or secondary effects. When interpreting results, consider sample matrix effects, timing relative to stimulation or treatment, and whether complexes or modified forms of the analyte may be present.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComparative quantification:\u003c\/strong\u003e Supports analysis across experimental groups, time points, or dose ranges.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePathway context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Useful as part of a broader marker panel to triangulate biological mechanisms.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eModel characterization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Helps profile baseline vs perturbed states in cells, tissues, or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eRelated pathways and interacting partners\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor many targets, interpretability improves when measured alongside biologically connected markers (e.g., upstream regulators, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators). Designing panels around a pathway hypothesis can help distinguish primary pathway activation from general stress or inflammation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920822923629,"sku":"EK0817","price":399.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek0817_01cb5cef-e439-46a4-abc9-5e87c88300d4.jpg?v=1769077776"},{"product_id":"human-rage-elisa-kit-picokine-bhe21000639","title":"Human Rage ELISA Kit PicoKine®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e cDNA FLJ56412, highly similar to Advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eRage\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eAGER\u003c\/strong\u003e) is an established target in many assay panels, supporting hypothesis testing across diverse biological systems. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eCardiovascular\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. This analyte is often discussed in the context of \u003cstrong\u003ecell-surface signaling and cell-state markers\u003c\/strong\u003e. Many receptors and surface markers act as gateways for signaling or as phenotypic indicators of specific cell populations and activation states.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn experimental systems, protein abundance can reflect regulated expression, secretion, processing, or clearance. Interpreting changes benefits from considering compartment (cell-associated vs soluble), the time scale of regulation, and whether complexes or modified forms contribute to the measured signal.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSystems-level readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Quantification supports comparisons across conditions, time points, and treatment groups.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMechanistic interpretation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Pairing with upstream regulators and downstream markers helps contextualize changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiomarker-style profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Measuring panels of related analytes can improve interpretability in complex models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920823218541,"sku":"EK0827","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek0827_d690980a-e331-4474-87a9-b395377f404e.jpg?v=1769077778"},{"product_id":"human-il-31-interleukin-31-elisa-kit-picokine-bhe21000742","title":"Human IL-31\/Interleukin-31 ELISA Kit PicoKine®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Interleukin-31, IL-31, IL31.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eIL-31\/Interleukin-31\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eIL31\u003c\/strong\u003e) is widely studied as a molecular readout in experimental models where changes in protein abundance reflect underlying biology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eCardiovascular\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. Cytokines and chemokines act as soluble messengers that coordinate immune cell activation, trafficking, and effector functions. Their concentrations can change rapidly in response to infection, tissue injury, or immune stimulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological function and signaling context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn immune signaling networks, cytokine production is often induced by pattern-recognition pathways and inflammatory transcriptional programs, while feedback regulators can dampen responses to restore homeostasis. Chemokine gradients guide leukocyte migration, influencing which cell populations accumulate at a site and how long they persist.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmune activation readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shifts in abundance can reflect pathway engagement and cellular activation state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMicroenvironment profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Levels can help characterize inflammatory tone in tissues or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResponse monitoring:\u003c\/strong\u003e Time-course measurements support interpretation of stimulus, treatment, or infection models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMany cytokines and chemokines are reported to associate with inflammatory, autoimmune, infectious, and oncology-related processes. In research settings, interpreting changes benefits from pairing this analyte with complementary markers (e.g., upstream triggers, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators) and considering matrix effects.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920827085165,"sku":"EK0979","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek0979_1.png?v=1769077827"},{"product_id":"human-il-17c-elisa-kit-picokine-bhe21000907","title":"Human IL-17C ELISA Kit PicoKine®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Interleukin-17C, IL-17C, Cytokine CX2, IL17C, UNQ561\/PRO1122.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eIL-17C\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eIL17C\u003c\/strong\u003e) is an established target in many assay panels, supporting hypothesis testing across diverse biological systems. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eCardiovascular\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. Cytokines and chemokines act as soluble messengers that coordinate immune cell activation, trafficking, and effector functions. Their concentrations can change rapidly in response to infection, tissue injury, or immune stimulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological function and signaling context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn immune signaling networks, cytokine production is often induced by pattern-recognition pathways and inflammatory transcriptional programs, while feedback regulators can dampen responses to restore homeostasis. Chemokine gradients guide leukocyte migration, influencing which cell populations accumulate at a site and how long they persist.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmune activation readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shifts in abundance can reflect pathway engagement and cellular activation state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMicroenvironment profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Levels can help characterize inflammatory tone in tissues or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResponse monitoring:\u003c\/strong\u003e Time-course measurements support interpretation of stimulus, treatment, or infection models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMany cytokines and chemokines are reported to associate with inflammatory, autoimmune, infectious, and oncology-related processes. In research settings, interpreting changes benefits from pairing this analyte with complementary markers (e.g., upstream triggers, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators) and considering matrix effects.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920834490733,"sku":"EK0789","price":750.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek0789_9b9fed8f-6978-45ee-a71c-0bc61e324ffb.jpg?v=1769077924"},{"product_id":"rat-cpe-carboxypeptidase-e-elisa-kit-picokine-bhe21001434","title":"Rat CPE\/Carboxypeptidase E ELISA Kit PicoKine®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Carboxypeptidase E, CPE, Carboxypeptidase H, CPH, Enkephalin convertase, Prohormone-processing carboxypeptidase.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRat \u003cstrong\u003eCPE\/Carboxypeptidase E\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eCpe\u003c\/strong\u003e) is widely studied as a molecular readout in experimental models where changes in protein abundance reflect underlying biology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eCardiovascular\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. As with many protein targets, abundance can be influenced by transcriptional regulation, secretion or shedding, proteolytic processing, and clearance. Quantitative measurement is often used to connect molecular changes with phenotypes such as stress responses, immune activation, differentiation, or tissue remodeling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological context and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eProtein-level readouts complement nucleic-acid measurements by reflecting post-transcriptional control and protein stability. Depending on the model system, changes may be transient or sustained, and may represent direct pathway engagement or secondary effects. When interpreting results, consider sample matrix effects, timing relative to stimulation or treatment, and whether complexes or modified forms of the analyte may be present.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComparative quantification:\u003c\/strong\u003e Supports analysis across experimental groups, time points, or dose ranges.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePathway context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Useful as part of a broader marker panel to triangulate biological mechanisms.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eModel characterization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Helps profile baseline vs perturbed states in cells, tissues, or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eRelated pathways and interacting partners\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor many targets, interpretability improves when measured alongside biologically connected markers (e.g., upstream regulators, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators). Designing panels around a pathway hypothesis can help distinguish primary pathway activation from general stress or inflammation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920875909485,"sku":"EK1889","price":750.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek1889_02eb09f3-0e2f-4cf1-ad52-d3741164b09f.png?v=1769078215"},{"product_id":"human-p4hb-elisa-kit-picokine-bhe21001435","title":"Human P4HB ELISA Kit PicoKine®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Protein disulfide-isomerase, PDI, Cellular thyroid hormone-binding protein, Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta, p55, P4HB, ERBA2L, PDIA1.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eP4HB\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eP4HB\u003c\/strong\u003e) is a commonly measured biological analyte that can provide insight into cellular state and tissue physiology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eCardiovascular\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. As with many protein targets, abundance can be influenced by transcriptional regulation, secretion or shedding, proteolytic processing, and clearance. Quantitative measurement is often used to connect molecular changes with phenotypes such as stress responses, immune activation, differentiation, or tissue remodeling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological context and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eProtein-level readouts complement nucleic-acid measurements by reflecting post-transcriptional control and protein stability. Depending on the model system, changes may be transient or sustained, and may represent direct pathway engagement or secondary effects. When interpreting results, consider sample matrix effects, timing relative to stimulation or treatment, and whether complexes or modified forms of the analyte may be present.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComparative quantification:\u003c\/strong\u003e Supports analysis across experimental groups, time points, or dose ranges.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePathway context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Useful as part of a broader marker panel to triangulate biological mechanisms.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eModel characterization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Helps profile baseline vs perturbed states in cells, tissues, or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eRelated pathways and interacting partners\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor many targets, interpretability improves when measured alongside biologically connected markers (e.g., upstream regulators, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators). Designing panels around a pathway hypothesis can help distinguish primary pathway activation from general stress or inflammation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920875975021,"sku":"EK1890","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek1890.jpg?v=1769078215"},{"product_id":"rat-smoc1-elisa-kit-picokine-bhe21001454","title":"Rat SMOC1 ELISA Kit PicoKine®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e SPARC-related modular calcium binding protein 1, SPARC-related modular calcium-binding 1, Smoc1.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRat \u003cstrong\u003eSMOC1\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eSmoc1\u003c\/strong\u003e) is a commonly measured biological analyte that can provide insight into cellular state and tissue physiology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eCardiovascular\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. As with many protein targets, abundance can be influenced by transcriptional regulation, secretion or shedding, proteolytic processing, and clearance. Quantitative measurement is often used to connect molecular changes with phenotypes such as stress responses, immune activation, differentiation, or tissue remodeling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological context and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eProtein-level readouts complement nucleic-acid measurements by reflecting post-transcriptional control and protein stability. Depending on the model system, changes may be transient or sustained, and may represent direct pathway engagement or secondary effects. When interpreting results, consider sample matrix effects, timing relative to stimulation or treatment, and whether complexes or modified forms of the analyte may be present.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComparative quantification:\u003c\/strong\u003e Supports analysis across experimental groups, time points, or dose ranges.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePathway context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Useful as part of a broader marker panel to triangulate biological mechanisms.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eModel characterization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Helps profile baseline vs perturbed states in cells, tissues, or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eRelated pathways and interacting partners\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor many targets, interpretability improves when measured alongside biologically connected markers (e.g., upstream regulators, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators). Designing panels around a pathway hypothesis can help distinguish primary pathway activation from general stress or inflammation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920876630381,"sku":"EK1937","price":750.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek1937_1.png?v=1769078227"},{"product_id":"human-pear1-elisa-kit-picokine-bhe21001815","title":"Human PEAR1 ELISA Kit PicoKine®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003ePEAR1\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003ePEAR1\u003c\/strong\u003e) is widely studied as a molecular readout in experimental models where changes in protein abundance reflect underlying biology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eCardiovascular\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. As with many protein targets, abundance can be influenced by transcriptional regulation, secretion or shedding, proteolytic processing, and clearance. Quantitative measurement is often used to connect molecular changes with phenotypes such as stress responses, immune activation, differentiation, or tissue remodeling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological context and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eProtein-level readouts complement nucleic-acid measurements by reflecting post-transcriptional control and protein stability. Depending on the model system, changes may be transient or sustained, and may represent direct pathway engagement or secondary effects. When interpreting results, consider sample matrix effects, timing relative to stimulation or treatment, and whether complexes or modified forms of the analyte may be present.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComparative quantification:\u003c\/strong\u003e Supports analysis across experimental groups, time points, or dose ranges.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePathway context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Useful as part of a broader marker panel to triangulate biological mechanisms.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eModel characterization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Helps profile baseline vs perturbed states in cells, tissues, or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eRelated pathways and interacting partners\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor many targets, interpretability improves when measured alongside biologically connected markers (e.g., upstream regulators, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators). Designing panels around a pathway hypothesis can help distinguish primary pathway activation from general stress or inflammation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920899305837,"sku":"EK2266","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek2266.jpg?v=1769078409"},{"product_id":"human-bmp-2-ez-set-and-trade-elisa-kit-diy-antibody-pairs-bhe21002003","title":"Human BMP-2 EZ-Set\u0026trade; ELISA Kit (DIY Antibody Pairs)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Bone morphogenetic protein 2, BMP2.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eBMP-2\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eBMP2\u003c\/strong\u003e) is a commonly measured biological analyte that can provide insight into cellular state and tissue physiology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eCardiovascular\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. Growth factors and morphogens regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and tissue remodeling by engaging surface receptors and activating downstream signaling cascades. Their activity is often context-dependent, shaped by receptor availability, extracellular matrix binding, and feedback regulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological function and mechanism\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn many systems, growth-factor signaling integrates environmental cues with developmental or repair programs. Downstream pathways frequently include kinase signaling modules and transcriptional responses that alter cell-cycle control, migration, or lineage specification. Because these signals can be transient, quantitative measurements are useful for understanding timing and dose dependence.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePathway engagement:\u003c\/strong\u003e Concentration changes can indicate activation of growth, survival, or differentiation programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTissue remodeling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Levels may relate to repair, fibrosis, angiogenesis, or developmental patterning in model systems.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMechanistic studies:\u003c\/strong\u003e Tracking abundance alongside downstream markers helps connect ligand availability to signaling output.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAltered growth-factor signaling has been reported across diverse conditions, including cancer biology, cardiovascular remodeling, wound repair, and metabolic dysfunction. For research interpretation, consider whether the measured form represents active ligand, bound complexes, or processed fragments, as these can influence apparent levels.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"5 plates\/kit","offer_id":52920907923821,"sku":"EZ0311","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ez0311-2_1-ELISA-human-bmp-2-ez-set-elisa-kit-diy-antibody-pairs.jpg?v=1769096414"},{"product_id":"a7r5-cell-bhc11101218","title":"A7r5 cell","description":"Derived from the smooth muscle of the embryonic thoracic aorta in a BDIx rat, the A7r5 cell line is extensively employed in cardiovascular research. These fibroblast-like cells display a unique flat ribbon-like morphology that transitions into parallel arrays of spindle-shaped cells as they differentiate. This distinct structural adaptation facilitates the study of cellular dynamics and morphology under various physiological conditions. During the stationary phase of their growth cycle, A7r5 cells exhibit a significant increase in the activities of myokinase and creatine phosphokinase (CPK), enzymes critical in cellular energy transfer and metabolism.\n\nThe synthesis of a specific muscle type CPK isoenzyme upon cessation of cell division in A7r5 cells provides a valuable model for investigating molecular mechanisms underlying muscle development and differentiation. This cell line has been instrumental in exploring the effects of angiotensin II on vascular oxidative stress, offering insights into how this hormone influences cardiovascular physiology. Additionally, A7r5 cells have been used to study the inhibitory effects of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) on lipid droplet formation, further highlighting their utility in cardiovascular research. These applications underscore the A7r5 cell line's versatility and its pivotal role in elucidating critical pathways and potential therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease studies.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101218\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950196683117,"sku":"305198","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/A7r5_20P1_20305198_2010x01_20070223_1920x1920_6218df02-60aa-420d-bff6-2fa9f7bc8e10.jpg?v=1769068942"},{"product_id":"ac16-cardiomyocyte-cell-line-cell-bhc11101343","title":"AC16 Cardiomyocyte Cell Line cell","description":"The AC16 cell line, derived from human ventricular cells fused with SV40-transformed, showcases characteristics typical of cardiomyocytes, including the expression of transcription factors such as GATA4, MYCD, NFATc4, and contractile proteins like alpha- and beta-myosin heavy chain. AC16 cells also express gap junction proteins connexin-43 and connexin-40, with functional gap junctions confirmed by dye-coupling studies, underscoring their utility in cardiomyocyte research. When the SV40 oncogene is silenced, AC16 transitions towards a more differentiated state, marked by the expression of BMP2, indicative of cardiac differentiation and developmental regulation.\nIn general, scientists employ various techniques, including stem cell differentiation, animal models, molecular analysis, and biomarker discovery, to advance knowledge and potential therapies for heart-related conditions. The involvement of mitogen and senescence pathways, along with thymidine kinase induction, further elucidates the complex nature of human cardiomyocytes and their response to pathological conditions.\nThe AC16 human cardiomyocyte cell line's ability to mimic the behavior of mature cardiomyocytes makes it a valuable model for cardiac research. It closely resembles the genetic makeup of primary cardiomyocytes, allowing for studies on cardiac development, pathology, and the implications of histone loss in vitro, however, the cardiomyocyte behavior and genetic complexity might not fully match that of primary or stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. In the context of toxicology and cardiovascular disease research, AC16 cells serve as a vital tool for understanding cardiomyocyte development, inflammation, injury, regeneration, and toxicological effects.\nThe unique properties of the AC16 human cardiomyocyte cell line, including its response to developmental cues and the ability to simulate the physiological conditions of human cardiomyocytes, make it an indispensable asset in the quest to unravel the mysteries of heart diseases and devise novel therapeutic interventions.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101343\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950196846957,"sku":"305215","price":650.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/AC-16_20_286_29_1920x1920_e6e62d0d-aa27-4ae5-ad60-bb0d430322f1.jpg?v=1769068943"},{"product_id":"ea-hy926-cell-bhc11101303","title":"EA.hy926 cell","description":"EA.hy926 cells, are a somatic hybrid cell line widely used in cardiovascular disease research. They are employed in studying various aspects of endothelial cell functions related to angiogenesis, homeostasis\/thrombosis, blood pressure regulation, and inflammation. \nThe cytoplasmic distribution of Weibel-Palade bodies and tissue-specific organelles in EA.hy926 cells, as observed through electron photomicrographs, reflects their differentiated endothelial cell functions. One of the critical advantages of EA.hy926 cells is their ability to undergo more than 100 population doublings (PDLs) while maintaining their cellular properties. \nThis longevity ensures a sustainable and consistent cell source for long-term experiments and investigations. With a doubling time of 12 hours, these cells exhibit rapid proliferation, facilitating experimental workflows and enabling efficient generation of cell quantities required for large-scale studies. \nEA.hy926 cells have proven to be a game-changer in cardiovascular research, particularly in the purification of endothelin converting enzyme (ECE). Traditionally, obtaining primary endothelial cells in significant quantities has been challenging, hindering the sanctification of ECE. \nHowever, EA.hy926 cells, derived from transformed human umbilical vein endothelial cells, have emerged as a reliable alternative for studying ECE activity. This breakthrough has opened up new possibilities for investigating the roles of ECE in cardiovascular diseases and developing potential therapeutic interventions.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101303\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950203302253,"sku":"305034","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/EA.hy926_20P0_20305034-M_2020x01_2010102022_1920x1920_cb878c54-7cba-41ff-a196-f3bcfd898d3a.jpg?v=1769069013"},{"product_id":"eoma-cell-bhc11101463","title":"EOMA cell","description":"The EOMA cell line, also known as EOMA endothelial cells, is derived from a spontaneously arising hemangioendothelioma in a mouse. This cell line is extensively used in research to study angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation, which is critical in both normal physiological processes and in pathological conditions such as cancer, diabetic retinopathy, and rheumatoid arthritis. EOMA cells are characterized by their endothelial origin, displaying properties typical of endothelial cells, including the formation of capillary-like structures in vitro.\nResearchers utilize the EOMA cell line to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying angiogenesis. This includes studies on the role of various growth factors, signaling pathways, and the extracellular matrix in endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. EOMA cells are particularly valuable in evaluating the effects of anti-angiogenic compounds, which are used in the treatment of cancer and other diseases involving abnormal blood vessel growth. These cells are also used in gene expression studies and in the development of therapeutic strategies targeting angiogenesis.\nIn addition to angiogenesis research, EOMA cells serve as a model for studying hemangioendothelioma, a rare vascular tumor, providing insights into tumor biology and the identification of potential therapeutic targets. By offering a reliable and reproducible in vitro system, the EOMA cell line significantly contributes to the understanding of vascular biology and the development of treatments for angiogenesis-related diseases.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101463\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950203662701,"sku":"305241","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/EOMA_20P5_2010x01_20300824_ch00_1920x1920_5965758d-858a-4fbe-8e0a-c5b72637f586.jpg?v=1769069017"},{"product_id":"h9c2-2-1-cell-bhc11101247","title":"H9c2(2-1) cell","description":"\u003cp\u003eH9c2(2-1) cells, derived from the ventricular myoblasts of embryonic BD1X rat hearts, are a subclone of the original H9 cell line established in the early 1990s. These cells are immortalized myoblasts that are commonly used in vitro to study cardiac metabolism, physiology, and pathophysiology, including myocardial ischemia, hypertrophy, and apoptosis mechanisms.\u003cbr\u003e\nPhenotypically, H9c2 cells exhibit characteristics of skeletal muscle but retain the ability to adopt a cardiac muscle phenotype under specific experimental conditions, such as differentiation induced by retinoic acid or other agents. This flexibility makes them a valuable model for investigating cardiac muscle behavior in response to various physiological and pharmacological stimuli. Genetically, H9c2 cells are diploid, facilitating their use in genetic studies, where maintaining a stable karyotype is crucial. \u003cbr\u003e\nResearch employing H9c2(2-1) cells has contributed significantly to understanding cellular responses to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the protective roles of various pharmacological agents against cardiotoxicity. This cell line remains a cornerstone in cardiomyocyte-related research, offering a reproducible, controlled model to elucidate the complex biological and molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac function and diseases.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950204547437,"sku":"305203","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/H9c2_202-1_20WaKo_20P1_2020x01_20030425_ch00_1920x1920_0d97d13d-22f0-4219-90cc-2679d94cc037.jpg?v=1769069030"},{"product_id":"huvec-single-donor-cell-bhc11100300","title":"HUVEC, single donor cell","description":"Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) are primary cells derived from the endothelial layer of veins in the human umbilical cord. HUVECs are a pivotal model in vascular biology research due to their capacity to closely replicate many aspects of endothelial cell biology in vivo. These cells are extensively utilized to study endothelial functions, including angiogenesis, inflammation, and mechanisms of vascular permeability.\nHUVECs display several critical endothelial markers, such as von Willebrand factor, CD31, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which affirm their endothelial origin and functionality. They are also capable of forming tube-like structures when cultured on Matrigel, demonstrating their potential for angiogenesis studies.\nThe ability of HUVECs to respond to cytokines and growth factors makes them an excellent system for exploring cellular responses associated with vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and thrombosis. Moreover, their reaction to shear stress can be studied in dynamic flow models, providing insights into the effects of blood flow on endothelial behavior.\nIn pharmacological research, HUVECs are commonly employed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of vascular-targeting agents. Their straightforward isolation and the relative ease of culturing make them a valuable tool in both academic research and pharmaceutical development. These attributes underline the significance of HUVECs in advancing our understanding of vascular health and disease.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100300\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950212346221,"sku":"300605","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/huvec-_283_29_1920x1920_f3ea9a64-8a01-4cdf-b57c-8ec589bf7854.jpg?v=1769069111"},{"product_id":"ms1-cell-bhc11101362","title":"MS1 cell","description":"The MS1 cell line retains many properties characteristic of endothelial cells, including the uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein (acLDL) and the expression of Factor VIII-related antigen and VEGF receptor. These features make MS1 cells particularly valuable for studying endothelial cell functions and their role in vascular biology. The uptake of acLDL is a key function of endothelial cells, involved in lipid metabolism and atherogenesis, while the expression of Factor VIII-related antigen is indicative of their endothelial origin and involvement in coagulation processes. The presence of VEGF receptors further highlights their utility in angiogenesis research, as these receptors play a critical role in mediating the effects of VEGF in promoting blood vessel formation and maintenance.\n\nMoreover, the MS1 cell line expresses high levels of the tissue inhibitor of bioreactive matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), which regulates the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This expression pattern makes the behavior of MS1 cells resemble that of normal macrophages from some commonly used strains of mice. TIMPs are crucial in maintaining extracellular matrix homeostasis by inhibiting MMPs, which are involved in tissue remodeling and degradation. This unique characteristic of MS1 cells provides a dual model for studying both endothelial and macrophage-like behaviors, offering a broader understanding of vascular biology, tissue repair, and inflammatory responses. As such, the MS1 cell line is an invaluable tool for researchers investigating the intricate interactions between endothelial cells, macrophages, and their microenvironment.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101362\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950217326957,"sku":"305162","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/MS1_20P1_20305172-M_2020x01_20171022_1920x1920_afff3259-b31e-4295-a4a7-7711849c5513.jpg?v=1769069158"},{"product_id":"piec-cell-bhc11101305","title":"PIEC cell","description":"\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101305\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950221357421,"sku":"305213","price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/piec-_286_29_1920x1920_718d2513-20b3-4380-839a-f10743d62f10.jpg?v=1769069194"},{"product_id":"bovine-insulin-like-growth-factor-binding-protein-3-igfbp3-elisa-kit-bhe12100042","title":"Bovine Insulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3, IGFBP3 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInsulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP3)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in cell biology, signal transduction, and cardiovascular research. Growth factors regulate proliferation, survival, differentiation, and tissue remodeling through receptor-mediated signaling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P20959\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Insulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP3) is frequently examined in relation to signal transduction pathways, cell cycle and stress-response programs, and organelle and membrane dynamics. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Insulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP3) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eInsulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP3) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Insulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP3) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInsulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP3)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eIBP-3\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eIGF-binding protein 3\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eIGFBP 3\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952444797293,"sku":"E0017Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0017Bo.jpg?v=1769145915"},{"product_id":"bovine-catalase-cat-elisa-kit-bhe12100045","title":"Bovine Catalase, CAT ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCAT\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in tags \u0026amp; cell markers, signal transduction, and cardiovascular research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P00432\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, CAT is frequently examined in relation to vascular biology and endothelial function, cardiac remodeling and injury responses, and hemostasis and thrombosis. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of CAT can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eCAT has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of CAT can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCAT\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eCAT\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eCatalase\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952444830061,"sku":"E0025Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0025Bo.jpg?v=1769145915"},{"product_id":"bovine-angiopoietin-like-protein-4-angptl4-elisa-kit-bhe12100060","title":"Bovine Angiopoietin-like Protein 4, ANGPTL4 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAngiopoietin-like Protein 4 (ANGPTL4)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in cardiovascular, cancer, and metabolism research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: Q2KJ51\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Angiopoietin-like Protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is frequently examined in relation to vascular biology and endothelial function, cardiac remodeling and injury responses, and hemostasis and thrombosis. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Angiopoietin-like Protein 4 (ANGPTL4) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAngiopoietin-like Protein 4 (ANGPTL4) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Angiopoietin-like Protein 4 (ANGPTL4) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAngiopoietin-like Protein 4 (ANGPTL4)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eAngiopoietin-like protein 4\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eAngiopoietin-related protein 4\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eANGPTL 4\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952444928365,"sku":"E0042Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0042Bo.jpg?v=1769145916"},{"product_id":"bovine-angiopoietin-1-ang-1-elisa-kit-bhe12100061","title":"Bovine Angiopoietin 1, ANG-1 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAngiopoietin 1 (ANG-1)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in cardiovascular and cancer research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: O18920\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Angiopoietin 1 (ANG-1) is frequently examined in relation to vascular biology and endothelial function, cardiac remodeling and injury responses, and hemostasis and thrombosis. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Angiopoietin 1 (ANG-1) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAngiopoietin 1 (ANG-1) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Angiopoietin 1 (ANG-1) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAngiopoietin 1 (ANG-1)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eANG 1\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eANG1\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eANG-1\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952444961133,"sku":"E0043Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0043Bo.jpg?v=1769145916"},{"product_id":"bovine-angiopoietin-2-ang-2-elisa-kit-bhe12100062","title":"Bovine Angiopoietin 2, ANG-2 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAngiopoietin 2 (ANG-2)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in cardiovascular research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: O77802\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Angiopoietin 2 (ANG-2) is frequently examined in relation to vascular biology and endothelial function, cardiac remodeling and injury responses, and hemostasis and thrombosis. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Angiopoietin 2 (ANG-2) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAngiopoietin 2 (ANG-2) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Angiopoietin 2 (ANG-2) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAngiopoietin 2 (ANG-2)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eANG 2\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eANG2\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eANG-2\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952444993901,"sku":"E0044Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0044Bo.jpg?v=1769145916"},{"product_id":"bovine-apolipoprotein-h-apo-h-elisa-kit-bhe12100098","title":"Bovine Apolipoprotein H, APO-H ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApolipoprotein H (APOH)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in cardiovascular and signal transduction research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P17690\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Apolipoprotein H (APOH) is frequently examined in relation to vascular biology and endothelial function, cardiac remodeling and injury responses, and hemostasis and thrombosis. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Apolipoprotein H (APOH) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eApolipoprotein H (APOH) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Apolipoprotein H (APOH) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApolipoprotein H (APOH)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eAPOH\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eApo-H\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eApolipoprotein H\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952445223277,"sku":"E0086Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0086Bo.jpg?v=1769145918"},{"product_id":"bovine-resistin-retn-elisa-kit-bhe12100099","title":"Bovine Resistin, RETN ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRESISTIN\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in cardiovascular, signal transduction, and metabolism research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: Q762I5\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, RESISTIN is frequently examined in relation to vascular biology and endothelial function, cardiac remodeling and injury responses, and hemostasis and thrombosis. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of RESISTIN can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eRESISTIN has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of RESISTIN can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRESISTIN\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eRESISTIN\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952445288813,"sku":"E0087Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0087Bo.jpg?v=1769145919"},{"product_id":"bovine-plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-1-pai-1-elisa-kit-bhe12100126","title":"Bovine Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1, PAI-1 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (SERPINE1)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in cardiovascular, cancer, and cell biology research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P13909\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (SERPINE1) is frequently examined in relation to vascular biology and endothelial function, cardiac remodeling and injury responses, and hemostasis and thrombosis. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (SERPINE1) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (SERPINE1) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (SERPINE1) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (SERPINE1)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eEndothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003ePAI\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003ePAI-1\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952445485421,"sku":"E0115Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0115Bo.jpg?v=1769145920"},{"product_id":"bovine-atrial-natriuretic-peptide-receptor-3-npr3-elisa-kit-bhe12100144","title":"Bovine Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Receptor 3, NPR3 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAtrial Natriuretic Peptide Receptor 3 (NPR3)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in cardiovascular research. Receptors mediate cellular responses to ligands and translate extracellular cues into intracellular signaling programs.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P10730\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Receptor 3 (NPR3) is frequently examined in relation to vascular biology and endothelial function, cardiac remodeling and injury responses, and hemostasis and thrombosis. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Receptor 3 (NPR3) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAtrial Natriuretic Peptide Receptor 3 (NPR3) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Receptor 3 (NPR3) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAtrial Natriuretic Peptide Receptor 3 (NPR3)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eANP-C\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eANPR-C\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eAtrial natriuretic Peptide clearance receptor\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952445616493,"sku":"E0133Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0133Bo.jpg?v=1769145921"},{"product_id":"bovine-platelet-factor-4-pf-4-elisa-kit-bhe12100153","title":"Bovine Platelet Factor 4, PF-4 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlatelet Factor 4 (PF-4)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in cardiovascular, immunology, and cancer research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P02777\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Platelet Factor 4 (PF-4) is frequently examined in relation to vascular biology and endothelial function, cardiac remodeling and injury responses, and hemostasis and thrombosis. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Platelet Factor 4 (PF-4) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlatelet Factor 4 (PF-4) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Platelet Factor 4 (PF-4) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlatelet Factor 4 (PF-4)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eCCXL4\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eC-X-C motif chemokine 4\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003ePF4\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952445682029,"sku":"E0142Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0142Bo.jpg?v=1769145921"},{"product_id":"bovine-acetylcholinesterase-ache-elisa-kit-bhe12100193","title":"Bovine Acetylcholinesterase, ACHE ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcetylcholinesterase (ACHE)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in neuroscience and cardiovascular research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P23795\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) is frequently examined in relation to neuronal signaling and synaptic function, neuroinflammation and glial responses, and neurodegeneration models. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcetylcholinesterase (ACHE) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcetylcholinesterase (ACHE)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eAcetylcholinesterase\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eAChE\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952445911405,"sku":"E0183Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0183Bo.jpg?v=1769145923"},{"product_id":"bovine-anti-thrombin-3-at-3-elisa-kit-bhe12100205","title":"Bovine Anti-Thrombin 3, AT-3 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnti-Thrombin 3 (SERPINC1)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in cardiovascular research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P41361\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Anti-Thrombin 3 (SERPINC1) is frequently examined in relation to vascular biology and endothelial function, cardiac remodeling and injury responses, and hemostasis and thrombosis. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Anti-Thrombin 3 (SERPINC1) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnti-Thrombin 3 (SERPINC1) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Anti-Thrombin 3 (SERPINC1) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnti-Thrombin 3 (SERPINC1)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eAntithrombin-III\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eAT3\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eATIII\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952445976941,"sku":"E0195Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0195Bo.jpg?v=1769145924"},{"product_id":"bovine-interleukin-1-il-1b-elisa-kit-bhe12100207","title":"Bovine Interleukin 1?, IL-1B ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInterleukin 1Β (IL1B)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in immunology, microbiology, and cardiovascular research. Cytokines act as soluble messengers that shape immune-cell behavior, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P09428\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Interleukin 1Β (IL1B) is frequently examined in relation to innate and adaptive immune responses, cytokine signaling networks, and immune cell activation and trafficking. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Interleukin 1Β (IL1B) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterleukin 1Β (IL1B) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Interleukin 1Β (IL1B) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInterleukin 1Β (IL1B)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eIL 1B\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eIL 1beta\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eIL-1 beta\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952446009709,"sku":"E0197Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0197Bo.jpg?v=1769145924"},{"product_id":"bovine-tgf-beta-receptor-type-1-tgfbr1-elisa-kit-bhe12100213","title":"Bovine TGF-beta Receptor Type-1, TGFBR1 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTGF-beta Receptor Type-1 (TGFBR1)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in cardiovascular research. Receptors mediate cellular responses to ligands and translate extracellular cues into intracellular signaling programs.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: O46680\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, TGF-beta Receptor Type-1 (TGFBR1) is frequently examined in relation to vascular biology and endothelial function, cardiac remodeling and injury responses, and hemostasis and thrombosis. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of TGF-beta Receptor Type-1 (TGFBR1) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTGF-beta Receptor Type-1 (TGFBR1) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of TGF-beta Receptor Type-1 (TGFBR1) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTGF-beta Receptor Type-1 (TGFBR1)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eTbetaR-I\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eTGF-beta receptor type I\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eTGF-beta receptor type-1\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952446075245,"sku":"E0203Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0203Bo.jpg?v=1769145924"},{"product_id":"bovine-toll-like-receptor-4-tlr4-elisa-kit-bhe12100240","title":"Bovine Toll-like Receptor 4, TLR4 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eToll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in immunology, microbiology, and cardiovascular research. Receptors mediate cellular responses to ligands and translate extracellular cues into intracellular signaling programs.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: Q9GL65\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) is frequently examined in relation to innate and adaptive immune responses, cytokine signaling networks, and immune cell activation and trafficking. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eToll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eToll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eCD antigen CD284\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eTLR 4\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eTLR4\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952446206317,"sku":"E0242Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0242Bo.jpg?v=1769145925"},{"product_id":"bovine-annexin-5-anx-5-elisa-kit-bhe12100285","title":"Bovine Annexin 5, ANX-5 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnnexin 5 (ANX-5)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in cell biology, cancer, and cardiovascular research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P81287\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Annexin 5 (ANX-5) is frequently examined in relation to signal transduction pathways, cell cycle and stress-response programs, and organelle and membrane dynamics. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Annexin 5 (ANX-5) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnnexin 5 (ANX-5) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Annexin 5 (ANX-5) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnnexin 5 (ANX-5)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eAnchorin CII\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eAnnexin A5\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eAnnexin V\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952446435693,"sku":"E0304Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0304Bo.jpg?v=1769145927"},{"product_id":"bovine-butyrophilin-subfamily-1-member-a1-btn1a1-elisa-kit-bhe12100334","title":"Bovine Butyrophilin Subfamily 1 Member A1, BTN1A1 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eButyrophilin Subfamily 1 Member A1 (BTN1A1)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in cardiovascular research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P18892\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Butyrophilin Subfamily 1 Member A1 (BTN1A1) is frequently examined in relation to vascular biology and endothelial function, cardiac remodeling and injury responses, and hemostasis and thrombosis. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Butyrophilin Subfamily 1 Member A1 (BTN1A1) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eButyrophilin Subfamily 1 Member A1 (BTN1A1) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Butyrophilin Subfamily 1 Member A1 (BTN1A1) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eButyrophilin Subfamily 1 Member A1 (BTN1A1)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eBT\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eBTN1A1\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eButyrophilin subfamily 1 member A1\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952447025517,"sku":"E0365Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0365Bo.jpg?v=1769145932"},{"product_id":"bovine-osteopontin-opn-elisa-kit-bhe12100357","title":"Bovine Osteopontin, OPN ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOsteopontin (OPN)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in cardiovascular and signal transduction research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P31096\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Osteopontin (OPN) is frequently examined in relation to vascular biology and endothelial function, cardiac remodeling and injury responses, and hemostasis and thrombosis. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Osteopontin (OPN) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eOsteopontin (OPN) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Osteopontin (OPN) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOsteopontin (OPN)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eBone sialoprotein 1\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eBSPI\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eETA1\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952447189357,"sku":"E0402Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0402Bo.jpg?v=1769145934"},{"product_id":"bovine-toll-like-receptor-2-tlr2-elisa-kit-bhe12100372","title":"Bovine Toll-like Receptor 2, TLR2 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eToll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in immunology, microbiology, and signal transduction research. Receptors mediate cellular responses to ligands and translate extracellular cues into intracellular signaling programs.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: Q95LA9\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) is frequently examined in relation to innate and adaptive immune responses, cytokine signaling networks, and immune cell activation and trafficking. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eToll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eToll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eCD antigen CD282\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eCD282\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eTIL4\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952447254893,"sku":"E0422Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0422Bo.jpg?v=1769145934"},{"product_id":"bovine-fibronectin-fn-elisa-kit-bhe12100397","title":"Bovine Fibronectin, FN ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFibronectin (FN)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in cardiovascular research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P07589\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Fibronectin (FN) is frequently examined in relation to vascular biology and endothelial function, cardiac remodeling and injury responses, and hemostasis and thrombosis. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Fibronectin (FN) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFibronectin (FN) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Fibronectin (FN) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFibronectin (FN)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eAnastellin]\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eFibronectin\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eFN\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952447353197,"sku":"E2016Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E2016Bo.jpg?v=1769145935"},{"product_id":"bovine-fetuin-b-fetu-b-elisa-kit-bhe12100398","title":"Bovine Fetuin B, FETU-B ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFetuin B (FETUB)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in cardiovascular research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: Q58D62\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Fetuin B (FETUB) is frequently examined in relation to vascular biology and endothelial function, cardiac remodeling and injury responses, and hemostasis and thrombosis. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Fetuin B (FETUB) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFetuin B (FETUB) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Fetuin B (FETUB) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFetuin B (FETUB)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eFETUB\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eFetuin-B\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eGugu\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952447385965,"sku":"E2017Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E2017Bo.jpg?v=1769145935"},{"product_id":"bovine-cystatin-c-cst3-elisa-kit-bhe12100426","title":"Bovine Cystatin C, CST3 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCystatin-3\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in cardiovascular research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P01035\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Cystatin-3 is frequently examined in relation to vascular biology and endothelial function, cardiac remodeling and injury responses, and hemostasis and thrombosis. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Cystatin-3 can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eCystatin-3 has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Cystatin-3 can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCystatin-3\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eColostrum thiol proteinase inhibitor\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eCys-C\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eCystatin-3\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952447549805,"sku":"E2053Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E2053Bo.jpg?v=1769145936"},{"product_id":"bovine-fibroblast-growth-factor-1-fgf1-elisa-kit-bhe12100471","title":"Bovine Fibroblast Growth Factor 1, FGF1 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFibroblast Growth Factor 1 (FGF1)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in cardiovascular, signal transduction, and cancer research. Growth factors regulate proliferation, survival, differentiation, and tissue remodeling through receptor-mediated signaling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P03968\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 (FGF1) is frequently examined in relation to vascular biology and endothelial function, cardiac remodeling and injury responses, and hemostasis and thrombosis. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 (FGF1) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFibroblast Growth Factor 1 (FGF1) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 (FGF1) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFibroblast Growth Factor 1 (FGF1)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eAcidic eye-derived growth factor II\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eAcidic fibroblast growth factor\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eaFGF\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952447779181,"sku":"E2104Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E2104Bo.jpg?v=1769145939"},{"product_id":"bovine-bone-morphogenetic-protein-4-bmp4-elisa-kit-bhe12100473","title":"Bovine Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4, BMP4 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP4)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in cardiovascular, signal transduction, and cancer research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: Q2KJH1\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP4) is frequently examined in relation to vascular biology and endothelial function, cardiac remodeling and injury responses, and hemostasis and thrombosis. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP4) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eBone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP4) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP4) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP4)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eBMP 4\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eBMP4\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eBMP-4\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952447811949,"sku":"E2106Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E2106Bo.jpg?v=1769145939"},{"product_id":"bovine-brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor-bdnf-elisa-kit-bhe12100484","title":"Bovine Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor, BDNF ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBrain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in neuroscience, cardiovascular, and metabolism research. Growth factors regulate proliferation, survival, differentiation, and tissue remodeling through receptor-mediated signaling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: Q95106\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is frequently examined in relation to neuronal signaling and synaptic function, neuroinflammation and glial responses, and neurodegeneration models. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eBrain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBrain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eBDNF\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eBDNF precursor form\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eBrain-derived neurotrophic factor\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952448074093,"sku":"E2190Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E2190Bo.jpg?v=1769145941"},{"product_id":"bovine-c-c-motif-chemokine-5-ccl5-elisa-kit-bhe12100491","title":"Bovine C-C Motif Chemokine 5, CCL5 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eC-C Motif Chemokine 5 (CCL5)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in immunology and cardiovascular research. Chemokines are signaling proteins that guide cell trafficking and coordinate immune-cell recruitment.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: O97919\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, C-C Motif Chemokine 5 (CCL5) is frequently examined in relation to innate and adaptive immune responses, cytokine signaling networks, and immune cell activation and trafficking. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of C-C Motif Chemokine 5 (CCL5) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eC-C Motif Chemokine 5 (CCL5) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of C-C Motif Chemokine 5 (CCL5) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eC-C Motif Chemokine 5 (CCL5)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eC-C motif chemokine 5\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eCCL 5\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eCCL5\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952448205165,"sku":"E2197Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E2197Bo.jpg?v=1769145942"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/collections\/cardiovascular.oembed","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}