{"title":"iXCells Biotechnologies","description":"Products supplied by iXCells Biotechnologies.","products":[{"product_id":"human-spleen-endothelial-cells-hsec-bhc18500231","title":"Human Spleen Endothelial Cells (HSEC)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Spleen Endothelial Cells (HSEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Endothelial Cells derived from Spleen (Spleen) within the Blood system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe spleen performs essential functions in the turnover of erythrocytes. It removes erythrocytes, metabolizes hemoglobin, and recycles iron. The spleen also mounts a primary immune response to antigens in the blood and synthesizes antibodies in its white pulp. Human spleen endothelial cells (HSEC), similar to other endothelial cells, constitute the natural interface between the blood and the underlying tissue. Previous studies have demonstrated an intriguing link between splenic endothelial cells, splenic hamartoma and capillary hemangioma [1]. Splenic endothelial cells ( HSEC ) have also shown a supportive micro-environment for the development of dendritic cells [2]. Furthermore, rapid destruction of young erythrocytes can occur in the spleen due to altered endothelial cell-macrophage interactions [3]. These observations suggest that splenic endothelial cells may play a more compelling role in the mononuclear phagocyte system. iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality HSEC, which are isolated from normal human spleen and cryopreserved at P1, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. HSEC express vWF\/Factor VIII, CD31 (PECAM), and Dil-Ac-LDL by uptake. They are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi and can further expand for 12 population doublings in Endothelial Cell Growth Medium under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Endothelial Cells (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Spleen; Spleen; Blood\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and regulate barrier function, leukocyte trafficking, coagulation balance, and angiogenic remodeling in response to biomechanical and inflammatory cues.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eExpansion of high-dimensional immune phenotyping and perturbation screens to map activation states and functional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure barrier function and inflammatory activation in endothelial monolayers\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssess adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte interaction under inflammatory cues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500231\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197810631021,"sku":"10HU-084","price":910.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-084.png?v=1782157706"},{"product_id":"human-chondrocytes-articular-hc-a-bhc18500216","title":"Human Chondrocytes-articular (HC-a)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Chondrocytes-articular (HC-a)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Chondrocytes derived from Human Articular Cartilage (articular) within the Musculoskeletal system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHuman chondrocytes are a specialized cell type with a highly developed cytoskeleton in human articular cartilage. Chondrocytes have a round or oval shape and occupy only 5–10% of the total cartilage volume [1] . These cells are primarily responsible for maintaining the biomechanical properties of cartilage and the extracellular matrix [2] . Mature chondrocytes produce essential structural proteins, including collagen types II, IX, and XI, as well as aggrecan. Articular chondrocytes also synthesize lubricin, which plays a crucial role in reducing friction between articulating cartilage surfaces. Since articular cartilage has a limited capacity for self-repair, chondrocytes are a focus of research on cartilage degeneration and regeneration in conditions such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. iXCells Biotechnologies offers HC-a from human articular cartilage (Figure 1). These HC-a are Collagen II positive and Aggrecan positive (Figure 2). HC-a are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. These cells can be maintained in Chondrocyte Medium (SKU: MD-0040) for at least 3 passages. Figure 1. Human Chondrocytes-articular (HC-a) (phase contrast).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Chondrocytes (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human Articular Cartilage; articular; Musculoskeletal\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCells originating from the Musculoskeletal system are commonly studied to understand tissue-specific physiology, signaling, and responses to perturbations in controlled in vitro settings.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eEvaluate matrix remodeling and differentiation programs in musculoskeletal cell models\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eScreen compounds or genetic perturbations for phenotype modulation using viability or imaging endpoints\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500216\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197810663789,"sku":"10HU-043","price":855.92,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-043.png?v=1782157707"},{"product_id":"rat-pulmonary-microvascular-endothelial-cells-rpmec-bhc18500113","title":"Rat Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells (RPMEC)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRat Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells (RPMEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Rat Endothelial Cells derived from Lung (Pulmonary Microvascular) within the Respiratory system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eiXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality Rat Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells (RPMEC), which are isolated from adult rat lung tissue and cryopreserved at P2, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. RPMEC express vWF\/Factor VIII and CD31 (PECAM). They are negative for mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi and can further expand for 5 population doublings in Endothelial Cell Growth Media under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Endothelial Cells (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lung; Pulmonary Microvascular; Respiratory\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDonor background:\u003c\/strong\u003e Age: Adult\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-1 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and regulate barrier function, leukocyte trafficking, coagulation balance, and angiogenic remodeling in response to biomechanical and inflammatory cues.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure barrier function and inflammatory activation in endothelial monolayers\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssess adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte interaction under inflammatory cues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500113\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197810696557,"sku":"10RA-029","price":920.4,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10RA-029.png?v=1782157706"},{"product_id":"human-carotid-artery-endothelial-cells-hctaec-bhc18500223","title":"Human Carotid Artery Endothelial Cells (HCtAEC)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Carotid Artery Endothelial Cells (HCtAEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Endothelial Cells derived from carotid artery (Carotid Artery) within the Cardiovascular system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eiXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality Human Carotid Artery Endothelial Cells (HCtAEC), which are isolated from human carotid atery and cryopreserved at P2, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. HCtAEC can be used in assays of cell to cell adhesion, migration, and vascular tube formation. Standard biochemical procedures performed with endothelial cell cultures include RT-PCR, Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescent staining, immunofluorescent flow cytometry, and generating cell derivatives for desired research applications. HCtAEC display typical cobblestone with large dark nuclei appearance under light microscopy and express CD31 or VE-Cadherin through immunofluorescence staining or FACS. HCtAEC are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast and fungi and can further expand for 10 population doublings in Endothelial Cell Growth Medium (Cat# MD-0010) under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Endothelial Cells (Primary Cells, Custom Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e carotid artery; Carotid Artery; Cardiovascular\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and regulate barrier function, leukocyte trafficking, coagulation balance, and angiogenic remodeling in response to biomechanical and inflammatory cues.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse of flow\/shear and barrier-focused assays to study vascular inflammation, permeability, and angiogenic remodeling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure barrier function and inflammatory activation in endothelial monolayers\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssess adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte interaction under inflammatory cues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500223\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ Inquire about custom lot sizes, package sizes and marker characterization","offer_id":53197810729325,"sku":"10HU-053","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-053.png?v=1782157703"},{"product_id":"human-adrenal-fibroblasts-hadf-bhc18500236","title":"Human Adrenal Fibroblasts (HAdF)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Adrenal Fibroblasts (HAdF)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Fibroblasts derived from Adernal (Adrenal) within the Endocrine system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe adrenal gland plays an essential role in regulating homeostasis in the body through the secretion of corticosteroid and androgen hormones. Fibroblasts are mesenchymal cells derived from the embryonic mesoderm. They have been extensively used for a wide range of cellular and molecular studies. This is mainly because they are one of easiest types of cells to grow in culture, and their durability makes them amenable to a wide variety of manipulations ranging from studies employing gene transfection to microinjection [1]. Fibroblasts secrete a non-rigid extracellular matrix that is rich in type I and\/or type III collagen [2]. They are responsible for much of the synthesis of extracellular matrix in connective tissues and play major roles in wound healing. Many diseases are associated with fibroblasts, either because fibroblasts are implicated in their etiology or because of the fibrosis that accompanies damage to other cell types in tissues. For example, the development of bowl stenosis in Crohn’s disease patients is caused by extreme fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix expansion [3]. iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality Human Adrenal Fibroblasts (HAdF), which are isolated from human adrenal tissue and cryopreserved at P1, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. HAdF express fibronectin and are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. They can further expand for 12 population doublings in Fibroblast Growth Medium(Cat# MD-0011) under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Fibroblasts (Primary Cells, Custom Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Adernal; Adrenal; Endocrine\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDonor background:\u003c\/strong\u003e Age: Embryonic\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFibroblasts are key stromal cells that produce and remodel extracellular matrix, coordinate wound repair, and shape tissue microenvironments through paracrine signaling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssess hormone-responsive signaling pathways and receptor-driven gene programs\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eScreen compounds or genetic perturbations for phenotype modulation using viability or imaging endpoints\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500236\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ Inquire about custom lot sizes, package sizes and marker characterization","offer_id":53197810762093,"sku":"10HU-119","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-119.webp?v=1782157704"},{"product_id":"human-cardiac-fibroblasts-hcf-bhc18500238","title":"Human Cardiac Fibroblasts (HCF)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Cardiac Fibroblasts (HCF)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Fibroblasts derived from Heart (Cardiac) within the Cardiovascular system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHuman cardiac fibroblasts (HCF) provide structural support for cardiac myocytes and are responsible for extracellular matrix synthesis in the heart during growth and pathophysiological conditions. HCF are an important cellular component of myocardial responses to injury and the source of paracrine growth factors. HCF proliferation and synthesis of matrix is essential for scar formation at sites of myocardial infarction [1] and cardiac fibrosis ( Lasix )[2]. Primary HCF cultures have been widely used as a model to study many aspects of human heart function and pathophysiology. [3]. iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality HCF, which are isolated from human heart and cryopreserved at P1, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. HCF express fibronectin and are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. They can further expand for 16 population doublings in Fibroblast Growth Medium(Cat# MD-0011) under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Fibroblasts (Primary Cells, Custom Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Heart; Cardiac; Cardiovascular\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFibroblasts are key stromal cells that produce and remodel extracellular matrix, coordinate wound repair, and shape tissue microenvironments through paracrine signaling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse of flow\/shear and barrier-focused assays to study vascular inflammation, permeability, and angiogenic remodeling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eEvaluate angiogenic behavior using migration and tube-formation readouts (assay dependent)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eScreen compounds or genetic perturbations for phenotype modulation using viability or imaging endpoints\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500238\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ Inquire about custom lot sizes, package sizes and marker characterization","offer_id":53197810794861,"sku":"10HU-124","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-124.png?v=1782157705"},{"product_id":"human-adipose-derived-stem-cells-hadsc-normal-bhc18500004","title":"Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells (hADSC, Normal)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Adipose Derived Stem Cells (hADSC, Normal)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells derived from Adipose (Adipose Derived Stem) within the Integumentary system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHuman Adipose-Derived Stem cells (ADSCs) are isolated from human lipoaspirate tissue collected during elective surgical liposuction procedures. ADSCs are available for normal donors, patients with Type 1 Diabetes , Type 2 Diabetes , or Obesity (BMI\u0026gt;30) . It has been shown that the ADSCs demonstrate very similar phenotypic and functional characteristics to that of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Thousands of articles have been published on ADSCs using a variety of terminology, including preadipocytes, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), adipose MSCs (AMSCs), adipose-derived adult stem (ADAS) cells, and adipose stromal\/stem cells (ASCs). Normal human ADSCs have been reported to differentiate into many different lineages including chondrogenic, osteogenic, adipogenic and neural. And have been applied in studies include stem cell differentiation, regenerative medicine [1] , and cell therapy [2] . iXCells Biotechnologies offers normal human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSC) from adipose tissues from single donor, and cryopreserved at passage 1. hADSC are positive for CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, and negative for CD14, CD31, CD45 ( Figure 1 ). hADSC can be in vitro differentiated into adipocytes and osteoblasts ( Figure 2 and 3 ) using Adipocyte Differentiation Medium ( Cat# MD-0005 ) and Osteogenic Differentiation Medium ( Cat# MD-0006 ), separately. hADSC can be further expanded for 3-4 passages using Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Growth Medium ( Cat# MD-0003 ). These cells are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Figure 1. Immunostaining of cell surface markers of human ADSC.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Adipose; Adipose Derived Stem; Integumentary\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDonor background:\u003c\/strong\u003e Age: Adult\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStem and progenitor cell models are widely used to study differentiation programs, lineage commitment, and regenerative responses under controlled culture perturbations.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eInduce lineage differentiation and track marker changes over a maturation time-course\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eEvaluate multipotency using lineage-specific staining and gene expression panels\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500004\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197810827629,"sku":"10HU-001-0.5M","price":624.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 1 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197820002669,"sku":"10HU-001-1M","price":934.96,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-001-1M.png?v=1775378645"},{"product_id":"human-brachiocephalic-artery-endothelial-cells-hbcaec-bhc18500221","title":"Human Brachiocephalic Artery Endothelial Cells (HBcAEC)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Brachiocephalic Artery Endothelial Cells (HBcAEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Endothelial Cells derived from brachiocephalic artery (Brachiocephalic Artery) within the Cardiovascular system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eiXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality Human Brachiocephalic Artery Endothelial Cells (HBcAEC), which are isolated from human brachiocephalic artery and cryopreserved at P2, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. These HBcAEC express vWF\/Factor VIII and CD31 (PECAM). They are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi and can further expand for 10 population doublings in Endothelial Cell Growth Medium (Cat# MD-0010) under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Endothelial Cells (Primary Cells, Custom Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e brachiocephalic artery; Brachiocephalic Artery; Cardiovascular\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and regulate barrier function, leukocyte trafficking, coagulation balance, and angiogenic remodeling in response to biomechanical and inflammatory cues.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse of flow\/shear and barrier-focused assays to study vascular inflammation, permeability, and angiogenic remodeling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure barrier function and inflammatory activation in endothelial monolayers\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssess adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte interaction under inflammatory cues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500221\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197810860397,"sku":"10HU-049","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-049.webp?v=1782157706"},{"product_id":"human-motor-neurons-ipsc-derived-sod1-mutant-a4v-hom-bhc18500136","title":"Human Motor Neurons (iPSC-derived, SOD1 mutant, A4V, HOM)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Motor Neurons (iPSC-derived, SOD1 mutant, A4V, HOM)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Neural associated with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis within the Nervous system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpinal motor neurons (MNs) are a highly specialized type of neurons that reside in the ventral horns and project axons to muscles to control their movement. Degeneration of MNs is implicated in a number of devastating diseases, including spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Charcot-Marie-Tooth and poliomyelitis disease. iPSC-derived motor neurons are valuable tools for biochemical analysis, disease modelling and clinical application of these diseases. Mutations (over 150 identified to date) in the SOD1 gene have been linked to familial ALS [1-3] . The most frequent mutations are A4V and H46R. A4V (alanine at codon 4 changed to valine) is the most common ALS-causing mutation in the U.S. population, with approximately 50% of SOD1-ALS patients carrying the A4V mutation [4-6] . Approximately 10 percent of all U.S. familial ALS cases are caused by heterozygous A4V mutations in SOD1. Human Motor Neurons (iPSC-derived, SOD1 mutant, A4V, HOM) is derived from a genetically modified normal iPSC line carrying the A4V mutation (Figure 1). iXCells™ hiPSC-derived motor neurons express typical markers of motor neurons, e.g. HB9 (MNX1), ISL1, CHAT, with the purity higher than 85%. iXCells™ motor neurons are available in both cryopreserved vials (2 million cells\/vial) and fresh plate formats (12-well plate or 96-well plate). Most of the cells will express high level of HB9 and ISL-1 after thawing in the Motor Neuron Culture Medium Kit (Cat# MD-0022-100ML) . And after cultured in the medium for 5-7 days, these cells will express high levels of CHAT and MAP2. Figure 1 . A4V mutation (red arrow) and two silent mutations (green arrows) have been introduced to SOD1 gene using CRISPR\/Cas9 based genome editing technology. The targeted site is verified by genomic PCR\/Sanger sequencing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Neural (iPSC-Derived Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Motor Neurons; Nervous\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDonor background:\u003c\/strong\u003e Disease\/condition: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNeural and glial cell models support studies of neuronal signaling, synaptic biology, neuroinflammation, and cell-type–specific responses to injury or disease-relevant stimuli.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eGrowth of human-relevant neural models (including glial components) to study circuit- and inflammation-linked phenotypes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify neurite outgrowth and synaptic marker profiles in neural cultures\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure neuroinflammatory signaling in neuron–glia or microglia-enriched models\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500136\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 1 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197810893165,"sku":"40HU-101-1M","price":1537.12,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 2 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197820035437,"sku":"40HU-101-2M","price":2344.16,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/40HU-101-1M.png?v=1775378645"},{"product_id":"human-aortic-endothelial-cells-haoec-bhc18500014","title":"Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAOEC)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAOEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Endothelial Cells derived from Aorta (Aortic) within the Cardiovascular system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHuman Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAOEC) line the vessel wall of aorta, the largest artery in the human body. Because HAOECs are constantly exposed to high hemodynamic forces, they produce endothelium-derived substances regulating vasoconstriction and vessel growth [1] . HAOEC also modulate the expression of cellular adhesion molecules to control and fine-tune inflammatory responses and fibrinolysis [2] . These physiological properties allow HAOEC cultures to be widely used in the study of mechanisms for endothelium dysfunction, pathogenesis of vascular diseases and atherosclerosis, and the development of novel disease treatments. iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality HAOEC, which are isolated from human aorta and cryopreserved at P2, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. These HAOEC express vWF\/Factor VIII and CD31 (Figure 1). They are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi and can further expand in Endothelial Cell Growth Media under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies. Figure 1. iXCells HAOECs are positive for vVF and CD31.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Endothelial Cells (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Aorta; Aortic; Cardiovascular\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and regulate barrier function, leukocyte trafficking, coagulation balance, and angiogenic remodeling in response to biomechanical and inflammatory cues.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse of flow\/shear and barrier-focused assays to study vascular inflammation, permeability, and angiogenic remodeling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure barrier function and inflammatory activation in endothelial monolayers\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssess adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte interaction under inflammatory cues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500014\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197810925933,"sku":"10HU-020","price":974.48,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-020.png?v=1775378646"},{"product_id":"human-peripheral-blood-cd4-positive-helper-t-cells-negative-untouched-bhc18500018","title":"Human Peripheral Blood CD4+ Helper T Cells - Untouched","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Peripheral Blood CD4+ Helper T Cells - Untouched\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Immune Cells AND Hematopoietic Cells derived from Peripheral Blood (Peripheral Blood CD4+ Helper T - Untouched) within the Blood system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe CD4+ T cells, also known as T helper cells (T h cells), are a type of T cells that play an important role in the immune system, particularly in the adaptive immune system [1] . CD4+ T cells can regulate immune response through different cytokines secreted [2] . They are essential in B cell antibody class switching, in the activation and growth of cytotoxic T cells, and in maximizing bactericidal activity of phagocytes such as macrophages. Considering the diverse and important role CD4+ T cells play in the immune system, it is not surprising that these cells often influence the immune response against disease. CD4+ T cells have been involved in hypersensitivity and as the main target cells of HIV pathogenesis. iXCells Biotechnologies offers CD4+ T Cells isolated from normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using negative immunomagnetic selection. \u0026gt; 90% of the cells are CD4+ as showed by flow cytometric analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Immune Cells AND Hematopoietic Cells (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Peripheral Blood; Peripheral Blood CD4+ Helper T - Untouched; Blood\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCells originating from the Blood system are commonly studied to understand tissue-specific physiology, signaling, and responses to perturbations in controlled in vitro settings.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eExpansion of high-dimensional immune phenotyping and perturbation screens to map activation states and functional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eStimulate immune cells and quantify activation markers and cytokine release\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePerform immune profiling by multiparameter flow cytometry to resolve major subsets\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500018\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 10 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197810958701,"sku":"10HU-023N-10M","price":630.24,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-023N-10M.png?v=1782157704"},{"product_id":"human-esophageal-microvascular-endothelial-cells-hesmec-bhc18500226","title":"Human Esophageal Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HEsMEC)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Esophageal Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HEsMEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Endothelial Cells derived from esophageal (Esophageal Microvascular) within the Blood system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndothelial cells lining the microvasculature are known to play a critical “gatekeeper” role in the inflammatory process through their ability to recruit circulating immune cells into tissues and foci of inflammation. Studies show that human esophageal microvascular endothelial cells (HEsMEC) exhibit a strong inflammatory immune response to LPS, cytokines, and pH exposure, thus playing a critical regulatory role in esophageal inflammation [1]. When exposed to acidic pH, HEsMEC express certain proteins, such as VCAM-1, but not others, such as ICAM-1 [2]. This expression pattern could play a role in the cellular response triggered by gastroesophageal reflux disease. HEsMEC cultures have enabled scientists to observe leukocyte binding, upregulation of cell adhesion molecules, and other cellular responses to LPS, cytokines and pH exposure and has shown that HEsMEC are intrinsically different from lower gastrointestinal endothelial cells [1]. iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality HEsMEC, which are isolated from human esophageal tissue and cryopreserved at P1, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. HEsMEC express vWF\/Factor VIII, CD31 (PECAM), and Dil-Ac-LDL by uptake. They are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi and can further expand for 10 population doublings in Endothelial Cell Growth Medium (Cat# MD-0010) under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Endothelial Cells (Primary Cells, Custom Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e esophageal; Esophageal Microvascular; Blood\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and regulate barrier function, leukocyte trafficking, coagulation balance, and angiogenic remodeling in response to biomechanical and inflammatory cues.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eExpansion of high-dimensional immune phenotyping and perturbation screens to map activation states and functional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure barrier function and inflammatory activation in endothelial monolayers\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssess adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte interaction under inflammatory cues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500226\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ Inquire about custom lot sizes, package sizes and marker characterization","offer_id":53197811024237,"sku":"10HU-060","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-060.png?v=1782157704"},{"product_id":"human-synovial-microvascular-endothelial-cells-hsymec-bhc18500232","title":"Human Synovial Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HSyMEC)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Synovial Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HSyMEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Endothelial Cells derived from synovial (Synovial Microvascular) within the Blood system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eiXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality Human Synovial Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HSyMEC), which are isolated from normal human synovial tissue and cryopreserved at P2, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. HSyMEC express vWF\/Factor VIII, CD31 (PECAM), and Dil-Ac-LDL by uptake. They are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi and can further expand for 12 population doublings in Endothelial Cell Growth Medium (Cat# MD-0010) under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Endothelial Cells (Primary Cells, Custom Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e synovial; Synovial Microvascular; Blood\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and regulate barrier function, leukocyte trafficking, coagulation balance, and angiogenic remodeling in response to biomechanical and inflammatory cues.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eExpansion of high-dimensional immune phenotyping and perturbation screens to map activation states and functional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure barrier function and inflammatory activation in endothelial monolayers\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssess adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte interaction under inflammatory cues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500232\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ Inquire about custom lot sizes, package sizes and marker characterization","offer_id":53197810991469,"sku":"10HU-085","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-085.png?v=1782157704"},{"product_id":"human-prostate-microvascular-endothelial-cells-hpmec-bhc18500229","title":"Human Prostate Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HPMEC)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Prostate Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HPMEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Endothelial Cells derived from Prostate (Prostate Microvascular) within the Reproductive system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMicrovascular endothelial cells play a central role in inflammation, tumor metastasis, wound healing and tissue engineering [1]. They line the blood vessels and contribute to many biological processes such as hematosis, coagulation and trafficking of lymphocytes. The endothelial cell is of primary importance in the extravasation of leukocytes from the circulation into sites of tissue inflammation. The structure and function of endothelial cells are differentially regulated in space and time. In the case of prostate cancer, the interactions between prostate cancer cells with endothelial cells in the microvessels play an important role in prostate tumor metastasis. Study results suggest that prostatic endothelial cells may be actively involved in prostate growth, due to the secretion of regulatory factors such as IL-6 [2] iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality Human Prostate Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HPMEC), which are isolated from human prostate tissue and cryopreserved at P2, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. HPMEC express vWF\/Factor VIII, CD31 (PECAM), and Dil-Ac-LDL by uptake. They are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi and can further expand for 10 population doublings in Endothelial Cell Growth Medium (Cat# MD-0010) under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Endothelial Cells (Primary Cells, Custom Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Prostate; Prostate Microvascular; Reproductive\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDonor background:\u003c\/strong\u003e Gender: Male\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and regulate barrier function, leukocyte trafficking, coagulation balance, and angiogenic remodeling in response to biomechanical and inflammatory cues.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure barrier function and inflammatory activation in endothelial monolayers\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssess adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte interaction under inflammatory cues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500229\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ Inquire about custom lot sizes, package sizes and marker characterization","offer_id":53197811089773,"sku":"10HU-073","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-073.png?v=1782157706"},{"product_id":"human-renal-cortical-epithelial-cells-hrcepc-bhc18500235","title":"Human Renal Cortical Epithelial Cells (HRCEpC)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Renal Cortical Epithelial Cells (HRCEpC)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Epithelial Cells derived from Kidney (Renal Cortical) within the Urinary system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary Human Renal Cortical Epithelial Cells (HRCEpC) are isolated from the cortex of the human kidney and stain positive for cytokeratin. The renal cortex is the outer portion of the kidney between the renal capsule and the renal medulla. It contains the renal corpuscles, the proximal and distal convoluted tubules, and the cortical collecting ducts. HRCEpC provide a useful in vitro model to study a variety of renal diseases and important physiological processes like osmoregulation and excretion. iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality HRCEpC, which are isolated from human kidneys and cryopreserved at P1, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. HRCEpC express cytokeratin-18, -19 and vimentin. They are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi and can further expand for 12 population doublings in Epithelial Cell Growth Medium (Cat# MD-0041) under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Epithelial Cells (Primary Cells, Custom Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Kidney; Renal Cortical; Urinary\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEpithelial cells provide barrier and transport functions across tissues, coordinating innate defense, secretion, and repair responses in the face of environmental and inflammatory stressors.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssess transporter or injury-response pathways relevant to renal\/urologic biology\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eScreen compounds or genetic perturbations for phenotype modulation using viability or imaging endpoints\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500235\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ Inquire about custom lot sizes, package sizes and marker characterization","offer_id":53197811057005,"sku":"10HU-110","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-110.png?v=1782157705"},{"product_id":"human-leydig-cells-hlc-bhc18500234","title":"Human Leydig Cells (HLC)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Leydig Cells (HLC)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human derived from testis (Leydig) within the Reproductive system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHuman leydig Cells (HLC) are located in the interstitium of the testis near the seminiferous tubules [1, 2]. One of the main functions of HLC is to produce testosterone after stimulation by pituitary luteinizing hormone [1, 2, 3]. HLC , through synthesis of testosterone, play a key role in mammalian sex determination by inducing differentiation of the Wolffian ducts into male reproductive organs [3]. Additionally, HLC produce insulin-like growth factor 3 which is required for scrotal descent of the testis [1]. Recent studies have indicated that molecules such as cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases can modulate testosterone production in HLC, suggesting that testosterone synthesis may be manipulated using pharmacological targeting [2]. Cultured HLC are a useful in vitro model to better understand testicular development and to develop treatments for male reproductive disorders ( Med para Hombres ). iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality HLC, which are isolated from human testis and cryopreserved at P1, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. HLC express cytokeratin-18, and GATA-4. They are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi and can further expand for 5 population doublings in Epithelial Cell Growth Medium (Cat# MD-0041) under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e (Primary Cells, Custom Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e testis; Leydig; Reproductive\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDonor background:\u003c\/strong\u003e Gender: Male\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCells originating from the Reproductive system are commonly studied to understand tissue-specific physiology, signaling, and responses to perturbations in controlled in vitro settings.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eModel hormone and cytokine signaling relevant to reproductive tissue physiology\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eScreen compounds or genetic perturbations for phenotype modulation using viability or imaging endpoints\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500234\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ Inquire about custom lot sizes, package sizes and marker characterization","offer_id":53197811122541,"sku":"10HU-103","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-103.png?v=1782157706"},{"product_id":"human-pbmcs-fresh-bhc18500215","title":"Human PBMCs (Fresh)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman PBMCs (Fresh)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human within the Blood system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePeripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) is any blood cell with a single nucleus. These blood cells are a critical component in human immune system to fight pathogen. PBMCs consist of lymphocytes (T, B and NK cells), monocytes and dendritic cells. PBMCs are widely used in research fields including immunology, infectious diseases and hematological malignancies etc. For San Diego County end users, iXCells Biotechnologies offers same day delivery of fresh PBMCs. Freshly drawn human peripheral blood samples will be processed in the morning and isolated PBMCs will be delivered on ice in early afternoon. Overnight shipping is available for the rest of the Continental United States.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e PBMCs; Blood\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCells originating from the Blood system are commonly studied to understand tissue-specific physiology, signaling, and responses to perturbations in controlled in vitro settings.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eExpansion of high-dimensional immune phenotyping and perturbation screens to map activation states and functional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eStimulate immune cells and quantify activation markers and cytokine release\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePerform immune profiling by multiparameter flow cytometry to resolve major subsets\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500215\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Fresh Human PBMC \/ 100 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197811155309,"sku":"CXPR-15-100M","price":846.56,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Fresh Human PBMC \/ 1200 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197819576685,"sku":"CXPR-15-1200M","price":2100.8,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Fresh Human PBMC \/ 200 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197819609453,"sku":"CXPR-15-200M","price":1046.24,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Fresh Human PBMC \/ 350 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197819642221,"sku":"CXPR-15-350M","price":1151.28,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Fresh Human PBMC \/ 500 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197819674989,"sku":"CXPR-15-500M","price":1417.52,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Fresh Human PBMC \/ 700 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197819707757,"sku":"CXPR-15-700M","price":1685.84,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CXPR-15-500M.png?v=1775378646"},{"product_id":"human-internal-thoracic-artery-endothelial-cells-hitaec-bhc18500228","title":"Human Internal Thoracic Artery Endothelial Cells (HITAEC)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Internal Thoracic Artery Endothelial Cells (HITAEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Endothelial Cells derived from internal thoracic (Internal Thoracic Artery) within the Cardiovascular system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eiXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality Human Internal Thoracic Artery Endothelial Cells (HITAEC), which are isolated from normal human internal thoratic (aka mammary) artery and cryopreserved at P2, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. HITAEC express vWF\/Factor VIII and CD31 (PECAM), and Dil-Ac-LDL by uptake. They are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi and can further expand for 10 population doublings in Endothelial Cell Growth Medium (Cat# MD-0010) under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Endothelial Cells (Primary Cells, Custom Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e internal thoracic; Internal Thoracic Artery; Cardiovascular\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDonor background:\u003c\/strong\u003e Gender: Female\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and regulate barrier function, leukocyte trafficking, coagulation balance, and angiogenic remodeling in response to biomechanical and inflammatory cues.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse of flow\/shear and barrier-focused assays to study vascular inflammation, permeability, and angiogenic remodeling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure barrier function and inflammatory activation in endothelial monolayers\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssess adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte interaction under inflammatory cues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500228\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ Inquire about custom lot sizes, package sizes and marker characterization","offer_id":53197811188077,"sku":"10HU-064","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-064.png?v=1782157704"},{"product_id":"human-thymus-microvascular-endothelial-cells-hthmec-bhc18500233","title":"Human Thymus Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HThMEC)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Thymus Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HThMEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Endothelial Cells derived from thymus (Thymus Microvascular) within the Cardiovascular system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eiXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality Human Thymus Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HThMEC), which are isolated from normal human thymus tissue and cryopreserved at P2, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. HThMEC can be used in assays of cell to cell adhesion, migration, vascular tube formation. Standard biochemical procedures performed with endothelial cell cultures include RT-PCR, Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescent staining, immunofluorescent flow cytometry, or generating cell derivatives for desired research applications. These cells display typical cobblestone with large dark nuclei appearance under light microscopy and express vWF\/Factor VIII, CD31 (PECAM), and Dil-Ac-LDL by uptake. They are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi and can further expand for 8 population doublings in ​ Endothelial Cell Growth Medium (Cat# MD-0010) under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Endothelial Cells (Primary Cells, Custom Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e thymus; Thymus Microvascular; Cardiovascular\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and regulate barrier function, leukocyte trafficking, coagulation balance, and angiogenic remodeling in response to biomechanical and inflammatory cues.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse of flow\/shear and barrier-focused assays to study vascular inflammation, permeability, and angiogenic remodeling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure barrier function and inflammatory activation in endothelial monolayers\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssess adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte interaction under inflammatory cues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500233\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ Inquire about custom lot sizes, package sizes and marker characterization","offer_id":53197811220845,"sku":"10HU-087","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-087.png?v=1782157705"},{"product_id":"human-chondrocytes-negative-rheumatoid-arthritis-hc-ra-bhc18500218","title":"Human Chondrocytes - Rheumatoid Arthritis (HC-ra)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Chondrocytes - Rheumatoid Arthritis (HC-ra)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Chondrocytes derived from articular cartilage (Rheumatoid Arthritis) associated with rheumatoid arthritis within the Musculoskeletal system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHC-ra Human Chondrocytes are derived from human articular cartilage of donors with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease that is characterized by overproliferation of synovial cells and their infiltration into adjacent joint tissues, accompanied by gradual destruction of cartilage and bone erosion. Normally, chondrocytes are responsible for producing and maintaining the extracellular matrix of cartilage, but in rheumatoid arthritis cartilage, the environment is changed significantly due to inflammation and the invasion of other cells. Therefore, HC-ra can be a useful model to study the effects of those changes on chondrocyte biology. In parallel with normal HC, HC-ra can be used to investigate the differences between normal and pathological joints and evaluate potential treatment strategies. iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality Human Chondrocytes-Rheumatoid Arthritis (HC-ra), which are isolated from human articular cartilage of donors with rheumatoid arthritis and cryopreserved at P1, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. These HC-ra are positive for aggrecan after differentiation and are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. HC-ra can further expand for 10 population doublings in Chondrocyte Medium (Cat# MD-0040) under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Chondrocytes (Primary Cells, Custom Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e articular cartilage; Rheumatoid Arthritis; Musculoskeletal\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDonor background:\u003c\/strong\u003e Disease\/condition: rheumatoid arthritis\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCells originating from the Musculoskeletal system are commonly studied to understand tissue-specific physiology, signaling, and responses to perturbations in controlled in vitro settings.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eEvaluate matrix remodeling and differentiation programs in musculoskeletal cell models\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eModel disease-associated phenotypes and compare responses to matched controls (assay dependent)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500218\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197811253613,"sku":"10HU-045","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-045.png?v=1782157705"},{"product_id":"rat-tail-tip-fibroblasts-rttf-bhc18500116","title":"Rat Tail-Tip Fibroblasts (RTTF)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRat Tail-Tip Fibroblasts (RTTF)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Rat Fibroblasts derived from Tail (Tail-Tip) within the Integumentary system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eiXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality Rat Tail-Tip Fibroblasts (RTTF), which are isolated from adult rat tails and cryopreserved at P2, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. RTTF are negative for mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi and can further expand in Fibroblast Growth Medium (Cat# MD-0011) under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Fibroblasts (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Tail; Tail-Tip; Integumentary\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDonor background:\u003c\/strong\u003e Age: Adult\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-1 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFibroblasts are key stromal cells that produce and remodel extracellular matrix, coordinate wound repair, and shape tissue microenvironments through paracrine signaling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eModel wound-healing–relevant signaling and extracellular matrix interactions\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eScreen compounds or genetic perturbations for phenotype modulation using viability or imaging endpoints\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500116\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197811286381,"sku":"10RA-034","price":469.04,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10RA-034.png?v=1782157705"},{"product_id":"rat-cortical-neurons-rcn-bhc18500114","title":"Rat Cortical Neurons (RCN)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRat Cortical Neurons (RCN)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Rat Neurons derived from Brain (Cortical) within the Nervous system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCortical neurons make up a large portion of the brain and consist of both glutamateric and GABA-ergic neurons [1] . They play an important role in higher level thought processes and are necessary to organize input from subcortical structures. Like all neurons, these cells transport Na+ that work to propagate action potentials from one cell to the next, which is the basis of a working neural pathway. These cells can be used to study a variety of cortical related abnormalities including Huntington’s Disease, Alzheimer’s Disease, psychiatric disorders, and learning disorders [2, 3] . iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality Rat Cortical Neurons (RCN), which are isolated from the brains of E16 embryonic rats. These cells are cryopreserved at P0, with ≥ 2 million cells in each vial. They are negative for mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. RCNs can be plated using Rat Cortical Neuron Recovery Medium ( Cat# MD-0107A ) and maintained in Rat Cortical Neuron Maintenance Medium ( Cat# MD-0107B ) under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies. Figure 1. Rat Cortical Neuron (Cat# 10RA-032) were recovered and cultured for 5 days. (A) Phase contrast image. (B) Immunofluorescence staining were performed using antibodies against the neuronal markers MAP2 (green) and NeuN (red).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Neurons (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Brain; Cortical; Nervous\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDonor background:\u003c\/strong\u003e Age: Embryonic\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-1 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNeural and glial cell models support studies of neuronal signaling, synaptic biology, neuroinflammation, and cell-type–specific responses to injury or disease-relevant stimuli.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eGrowth of human-relevant neural models (including glial components) to study circuit- and inflammation-linked phenotypes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify neurite outgrowth and synaptic marker profiles in neural cultures\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure neuroinflammatory signaling in neuron–glia or microglia-enriched models\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500114\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 2 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197811319149,"sku":"10RA-032","price":620.88,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10RA-032.png?v=1775378649"},{"product_id":"human-intestinal-microvascular-endothelial-cells-himec-bhc18500031","title":"Human Intestinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HIMEC)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Intestinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HIMEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Endothelial Cells derived from Intestine (Intestinal Microvascular) within the Digestive system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndothelial cells lining the microvasculature are known to play a critical “gatekeeper” role in the inflammatory process through their ability to recruit circulating immune cells into tissues and foci of inflammation. Studies show that intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (IMEC) exhibit a strong immune response to LPS challenge and play a critical regulatory role in gut inflammation [1] . Pharmacological inhibition of NOS in activated HIMEC resulted in a significant increase in leukocyte binding [2] . Gene expression profile studies revealed that intestinal endothelial cells express biotinidase, which is involved in biotin recycling [3] . HIMEC cultures have enabled scientists to perform systematic analyses of cytokine profiles with regard to mRNA expression and protein secretion, and to compare these data with cytokine profiles from other endothelial cells. iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality HIMEC, which are isolated from human intestinal tissue and cryopreserved at P1, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. HIMEC express vWF\/Factor VIII, CD31 (PECAM), and Dil-Ac-LDL by uptake. They are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi and can further expand no more than 3 passages in Endothelial Cell Growth Media under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies. Further expansion may decrease the cell purity. Figure legend: (A) Phase contrast image of Human Intestinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HIMEC) at DIV4. (B, C) HIMEC are positive for CD31 (B) and vWF\/Factor VIII (C) as shown by immunofluorescence staining.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Endothelial Cells (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Intestine; Intestinal Microvascular; Digestive\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and regulate barrier function, leukocyte trafficking, coagulation balance, and angiogenic remodeling in response to biomechanical and inflammatory cues.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure barrier function and inflammatory activation in endothelial monolayers\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssess adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte interaction under inflammatory cues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500031\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197811351917,"sku":"10HU-065","price":959.92,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-065.png?v=1775378645"},{"product_id":"human-chondrocytes-negative-osteoarthritis-hc-oa-bhc18500217","title":"Human Chondrocytes - Osteoarthritis (HC-oa)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Chondrocytes - Osteoarthritis (HC-oa)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Chondrocytes derived from articular cartilage (Osteoarthritis) associated with Osteoarthritis within the Musculoskeletal system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHC-oa Human Chondrocytes are derived from human articular cartilage of donors with osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is an inflammatory disease characterized by increased degradation of cartilage tissue in the joint due to overproduction of enzymes degrading the extracellular matrix. Despite the initial proliferation and activation of chondrocytes, they are not able to efficiently repair the degrading cartilage. Instead, chondrocytes undergo terminal differentiation and eventually apoptose, leading to mineralization of cartilage in a process resembling bone formation during development. Thus, HC-o provide a useful model to study changes in chondrocyte biology in response to abnormal environment of the osteoarthritis joint. iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality Human Chondrocytes-Osteoarthritis (HC-oa), which are isolated from human articular cartilage of donors with osteoarthritis and cryopreserved at P1, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. These HC-oa are positive for aggrecan after differentiation and are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. HC-oa can further expand for 10 population doublings in Chondrocyte Medium (Cat# MD-0040) under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Chondrocytes (Primary Cells, Custom Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e articular cartilage; Osteoarthritis; Musculoskeletal\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDonor background:\u003c\/strong\u003e Disease\/condition: Osteoarthritis\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCells originating from the Musculoskeletal system are commonly studied to understand tissue-specific physiology, signaling, and responses to perturbations in controlled in vitro settings.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eEvaluate matrix remodeling and differentiation programs in musculoskeletal cell models\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eModel disease-associated phenotypes and compare responses to matched controls (assay dependent)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500217\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197811384685,"sku":"10HU-044","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-044.png?v=1782157705"},{"product_id":"human-adipose-microvascular-endothelial-cells-hamec-bhc18500219","title":"Human Adipose Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HAMEC)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Adipose Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HAMEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Endothelial Cells derived from adipose tissue (Adipose Microvascular) within the Integumentary system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMicrovascular endothelial cells line blood vessels and contribute to many biological processes such as angiogenesis, coagulation, trafficking of lymphocytes, and the inflammatory response. Microvascular endothelial cells are diverse and have specific cellular characteristics and functions depending on the organ\/tissue in which they are located. Adipose tissue is unique because it has the capacity to continually grow throughout adult life. Thus, it has a high level of angiogenesis to provide the extensive vascularization required for adipose tissue [1]. Studies have shown that angiogenesis precedes adipogenesis, implying that microvascular endothelial cells influence the proliferation of preadipocytes [2]. At the same time, microvascular endothelial cell growth is stimulated by adipocyte secreted VEGG, suggesting a complex paracrine relationship between microvascular endothelial cells and preadipocytes during tissue development [3]. iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality Human Adipose Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HAMEC), which are isolated from human adipose tissue and cryopreserved at P2, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. These HAMEC express vWF\/Factor VIII, CD31 (PECAM), and Dil-Ac-LDL by uptake. They are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. HAMEC can further expand for 10 population doublings in Endothelial Cell Growth Medium (Cat# MD-0010) under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Endothelial Cells (Primary Cells, Custom Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e adipose tissue; Adipose Microvascular; Integumentary\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDonor background:\u003c\/strong\u003e Age: Adult\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and regulate barrier function, leukocyte trafficking, coagulation balance, and angiogenic remodeling in response to biomechanical and inflammatory cues.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure barrier function and inflammatory activation in endothelial monolayers\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssess adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte interaction under inflammatory cues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500219\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197811417453,"sku":"10HU-047","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-047.webp?v=1782157705"},{"product_id":"human-peripheral-blood-cd3-positive-t-cells-pan-t-cells-bhc18500009","title":"Human Peripheral Blood CD3+ T Cells (Pan T Cells)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Peripheral Blood CD3+ T Cells (Pan T Cells)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Immune Cells AND Hematopoietic Cells derived from Peripheral Blood (Peripheral Blood CD3+ T) within the Blood system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCD3 is a multimeric protein complex, which is composed of four distinct chains (CD3γ, CD3δ and two CD3ε). CD3 complex serves as a T-cell co-receptor that associates non-covalently with the T cell receptor (TCR) [1] . CD3 is expressed in almost all T cell lineages, which make it useful marker for T cells. T cells exhibit multiple functions including cell-mediated cytotoxicity, promotion of antibody production by B cells, and immune regulation. CD3+ T cells can be divided into several subsets. CD4+ helper T cell, CD8+ cytotoxic T cell and NK cells are the three major subsets. T cells have been widely used in research fields including immunology, infectious diseases ( Prednisone ), cancer therapy, etc. [2] iXCells Biotechnologies offers CD3+ Pan T Cells from the human peripheral blood of individual healthy donors using negative immunomagnetic selection. These cells are untouched by the separation process and ready for downstream usage. \u0026gt; 86% of the cells are CD3+ as shown by flow cytometric analysis. Figure 1. Flow cytometric analysis showed that \u0026gt;86% of the cells are CD3+.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Immune Cells AND Hematopoietic Cells (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Peripheral Blood; Peripheral Blood CD3+ T; Blood\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCells originating from the Blood system are commonly studied to understand tissue-specific physiology, signaling, and responses to perturbations in controlled in vitro settings.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eExpansion of high-dimensional immune phenotyping and perturbation screens to map activation states and functional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eStimulate immune cells and quantify activation markers and cytokine release\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePerform immune profiling by multiparameter flow cytometry to resolve major subsets\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500009\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 20 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197811450221,"sku":"10HU-009-20M","price":906.88,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 40 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197819904365,"sku":"10HU-009-40M","price":1519.44,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-009-20M.png?v=1775378647"},{"product_id":"human-skeletal-muscle-myoblasts-ipsc-derived-normal-bhc18500149","title":"Human Skeletal Muscle Myoblasts (iPSC-derived, Normal)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Skeletal Muscle Myoblasts (iPSC-derived, Normal)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Muscle within the Musculoskeletal system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eiPSC-derived skeletal muscle myoblasts are valuable tools for biochemical analysis, disease modelling. iXCells Biotechnologies is proud to provide ready-to-use human iPSC-derived skeletal muscle myoblasts for differentiation into functional myotubes. iXCells™ hiPSC-derived myoblasts express typical markers, e.g. MyoD and Desmin (Figure 1) and rapidly differentiate into functional myotubes expressing markers including MHC, Dystrophin and MyoG (Figure 2), with the purity higher than 85%. Functional validation of iPSC-derived myotubes can be observed by their spontaneous twitching in the well ( Conci ). iXCells™ human iPSC-derived skeletal muscle myoblasts are available in a kit format containing both cryopreserved vials (1 or 3 million cells\/vial) along with the necessary media components to expand, differentiate and maintain the myotubes in culture for at least 4-6 weeks. Longevity of the myotubes in culture can be extended with a bi-weekly 24-hr pulse of Myoblast Expansion Medium ( Cat# MD-0102A ) followed by replacement with Myoblast Differentiation Medium ( Cat# MD-0102B ). iXCells also provide customized differentiation service with your own iPS cell lines. Please contact us at orders@ixcellsbiotech.com for more details.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Muscle (iPSC-Derived Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Skeletal Myoblasts; Musculoskeletal\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCells originating from the Musculoskeletal system are commonly studied to understand tissue-specific physiology, signaling, and responses to perturbations in controlled in vitro settings.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eEvaluate matrix remodeling and differentiation programs in musculoskeletal cell models\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eScreen compounds or genetic perturbations for phenotype modulation using viability or imaging endpoints\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500149\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 1 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197811515757,"sku":"40HU-176-1M","price":1076.4,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 3 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197819871597,"sku":"40HU-176-3M","price":2163.2,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/40HU-176-Human-Skeletal-Muscle-Myoblasts-iPSC-derived-Normal.png?v=1775378645"},{"product_id":"human-pulmonary-artery-endothelial-cells-hpaec-bhc18500025","title":"Human Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells (HPAEC)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells (HPAEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Endothelial Cells derived from Lung (Pulmonary Artery) within the Respiratory system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe pulmonary vasculature is of great physiological\/pathological significance. Human Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells (HPAEC) are critical to maintain the function of the pulmonary circulation and effective diffusion capacity of the lung. HPAEC provide a useful tool for studying various aspects of pathology and biology of the lung vasculature in vitro [1] . iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality HPAEC, which are isolated from human pulmonary artery from single donors and cryopreserved at P2, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. HPAEC express vWF\/Factor VIII and CD31 (Figure 1) and are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. They can further expand in Endothelial Cell Growth Media under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies. Figure 1. HPAEC provided by iXCells are positive for CD31 (A) and vWF (B) , as shown by immunostaining. F low analysis showed that m ore than 99% of cells are CD31 positive (A’) and more than 97% are vWF positive (B’) .\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Endothelial Cells (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lung; Pulmonary Artery; Respiratory\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and regulate barrier function, leukocyte trafficking, coagulation balance, and angiogenic remodeling in response to biomechanical and inflammatory cues.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure barrier function and inflammatory activation in endothelial monolayers\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssess adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte interaction under inflammatory cues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500025\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197811482989,"sku":"10HU-029","price":923.52,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-029.png?v=1775378645"},{"product_id":"human-umbilical-vein-endothelial-cells-huvec-bhc18500010","title":"Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Immune Cells AND Hematopoietic Cells derived from Umbilical cord (Umbilical Vein Endothelial) within the Cardiovascular system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHuman umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are cells derived from the endothelium of veins from the umbilical cord. They are used as a laboratory model system for the study of the function and pathology of endothelial cells (e.g., angiogenesis) [1] . They are used due to their low cost, and simple techniques for isolating them from umbilical cords, which are normally resected after childbirth [2] . HUVECs can be easily made to proliferate in a laboratory setting. They exhibit a cobblestone phenotype when lining vessel walls. iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC), which are isolated from human umbilical vein of mix donors, and cryopreserved at P2, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. HUVEC have “cobblestone” morphology and positive staining with vWF\/Factor VIII and CD31. HUVEC are one of the mostly used cell types to study endothelial function in vitro, including angiogenesis [1] , signaling pathway under normal and pathological condition such as oxidative stress, hypoxia [2] and inflammation etc. These HUVEC are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast and fungi and can further expand no more than 3 passages in Endothelial Cell Growth Media under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies. Additional expansion may decrease the purity. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are cells derived from the endothelium of veins from the umbilical cord. They are used as a laboratory model system for the study of the function and pathology of endothelial cells (e.g., angiogenesis) [1] . They are used due to their low cost, and simple techniques for isolating them from umbilical cords, which are normally resected after childbirth [2] . HUVECs can be easily made to proliferate in a laboratory setting. They exhibit a cobblestone phenotype when lining vessel walls. iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC), which are isolated from human umbilical vein of mix donors, and cryopreserved at P2, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. HUVEC have “cobblestone” morphology and positive staining with vWF\/Factor VIII and CD31. HUVEC are one of the mostly used cell types to study endothelial function in vitro, including angiogenesis [1] , signaling pathway under normal and pathological condition such as oxidative stress, hypoxia [2] and inflammation etc. These HUVEC are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast and fungi and can further expand no more than 3 passages in Endothelial Cell Growth Media under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies. Additional expansion may decrease the purity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Immune Cells AND Hematopoietic Cells (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Umbilical cord; Umbilical Vein Endothelial; Cardiovascular\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCells originating from the Cardiovascular system are commonly studied to understand tissue-specific physiology, signaling, and responses to perturbations in controlled in vitro settings.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eExpansion of high-dimensional immune phenotyping and perturbation screens to map activation states and functional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eStimulate immune cells and quantify activation markers and cytokine release\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePerform immune profiling by multiparameter flow cytometry to resolve major subsets\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500010\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197811614061,"sku":"10HU-012","price":564.72,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-012.png?v=1775378646"},{"product_id":"human-pbmcs-cryopreserved-bhc18500005","title":"Human PBMCs (Cryopreserved)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman PBMCs (Cryopreserved)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Immune Cells AND Hematopoietic Cells derived from Peripheral Blood (PBMCs) within the Blood system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePeripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) is any blood cell with a single nucleus [1] . These blood cells are a critical component in human immune system to fight pathogen. PBMCs consist of lymphocytes (T, B and NK cells), monocytes and dendritic cells [2] . PBMCs are widely used in research fields including immunology, infectious diseases and hematological malignancies etc. iXCells Biotechnologies offers PBMCs from the human peripheral blood of healthy donors for research only. These PBMCs are purified from peripheral blood using Ficoll gradient centrifugation. We also provide fresh PBMCs. Please check HERE for more information.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Immune Cells AND Hematopoietic Cells (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Peripheral Blood; PBMCs; Blood\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCells originating from the Blood system are commonly studied to understand tissue-specific physiology, signaling, and responses to perturbations in controlled in vitro settings.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eExpansion of high-dimensional immune phenotyping and perturbation screens to map activation states and functional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eStimulate immune cells and quantify activation markers and cytokine release\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePerform immune profiling by multiparameter flow cytometry to resolve major subsets\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500005\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 100 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197811548525,"sku":"10HU-003-CR100M","price":587.6,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 10 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197820166509,"sku":"10HU-003-CR10M","price":146.64,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 15 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197820199277,"sku":"10HU-003-CR15M","price":185.12,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 200 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197820232045,"sku":"10HU-003-CR200M","price":741.52,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 25 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197820264813,"sku":"10HU-003-CR25M","price":271.44,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 350 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197820297581,"sku":"10HU-003-CR350M","price":929.76,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 500 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197820330349,"sku":"10HU-003-CR500M","price":1158.56,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 50 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197820363117,"sku":"10HU-003-CR50M","price":416.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197820395885,"sku":"10HU-003-CR5M","price":81.12,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Pooled PBMC, cryopreserved \/ 10 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197820428653,"sku":"10HU-003-P","price":204.88,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-003-CR10M.png?v=1775378643"},{"product_id":"human-epidermal-keratinocyte-neonatal-hek-n-bhc18500016","title":"Human Epidermal Keratinocyte-neonatal (HEK-n)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Epidermal Keratinocyte-neonatal (HEK-n)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Keratinocytes derived from Skin (Epidermal Keratinocyte) within the Integumentary system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA keratinocyte is the predominant cell type in the epidermis, constituting 90% of the cells found there [1] . The primary function of keratinocytes is the formation of a barrier against environmental damage by pathogenic bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses, heat, UV radiation and water loss. Keratinocytes are also able to produce a variety of cytokines, growth factors, interleukins and complement factors. Therefore keratinocytes are important for wound healing, inflammation, and immune response.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Keratinocytes (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Skin; Epidermal Keratinocyte; Integumentary\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDonor background:\u003c\/strong\u003e Age: Neonatal\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCells originating from the Integumentary system are commonly studied to understand tissue-specific physiology, signaling, and responses to perturbations in controlled in vitro settings.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eModel wound-healing–relevant signaling and extracellular matrix interactions\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eScreen compounds or genetic perturbations for phenotype modulation using viability or imaging endpoints\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500016\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197811581293,"sku":"10HU-022","price":469.04,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-022.png?v=1782157702"},{"product_id":"human-adrenal-microvascular-endothelial-cells-hadmec-bhc18500220","title":"Human Adrenal Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HAdMEC)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Adrenal Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HAdMEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Endothelial Cells derived from Adrenal cortex (Adrenal Microvascular) within the Urinary system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe adrenal gland plays an essential role in regulating homeostasis in the body through the secretion of corticosteroid and androgen hormones. The secreted steroids arise from the three zones of the adrenal gland: the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculate, and zona reticularis. Microvascular endothelial cells (MEC) line the blood vessels and contribute to many biological processes such as hemostasis, coagulation, trafficking of lymphocytes, and the inflammatory response. MEC regulate the secretion of adrenal hormones in the adrenal gland [1]. Studies have shown that factors secreted from HAdMEC, such as endothelin-1, nitric oxide, adrenomedullin and proadrenomedullin NH2-terminal 20 peptide affect aldosterone secretion [1]. HAdMEC, unlike brain and liver MECs, are highly resistant to glucocorticoid-induced cytotoxicity [2]. iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality Human Adrenal Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HAdMEC), which are isolated from human adrenal tissue and cryopreserved at P1, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. These HAdMEC express vWF\/Factor VIII and CD31 (PECAM). They are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi and can further expand for 12 population doublings in Endothelial Cell Growth Medium (Cat# MD-0010) under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Endothelial Cells (Primary Cells, Custom Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Adrenal cortex; Adrenal Microvascular; Urinary\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and regulate barrier function, leukocyte trafficking, coagulation balance, and angiogenic remodeling in response to biomechanical and inflammatory cues.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure barrier function and inflammatory activation in endothelial monolayers\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssess adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte interaction under inflammatory cues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500220\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197811646829,"sku":"10HU-048","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-048.webp?v=1782157705"},{"product_id":"human-aortic-adventitial-fibroblasts-haaf-bhc18500237","title":"Human Aortic Adventitial Fibroblasts (HAAF)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Aortic Adventitial Fibroblasts (HAAF)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Fibroblasts derived from aortic atery (Aortic Adventitial) within the Cardiovascular system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn vascular adventitia, the outermost connective tissue covering the vessel, adventitial fibroblasts (AF) produce collagen to provide structural support by anchoring the blood vessel to nearby tissues. AF are the first cells of the vascular wall to respond to hypertension and vascular injury through activation and proliferation [1]. During pathological conditions, AF produce cytokines and chemokines to induce mass infiltration of immune cells into the adventitial layer of the vessel wall. Immune cell infiltration into the adventitia results in adventitial inflammation and can lead to cardiovascular disease [2, 3]. The important properties of AF make AF cultures an ideal tool for studying the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and for the development of novel disease treatments.They are also often used for the examination of fibroblast disorders like fibrosis or other diseases linked to either imperfect or excessive accumulation of fibroblasts. iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality Human Aortic Adventitial Fibroblasts (HAAF), which are isolated from human aortic atery and cryopreserved at P1, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. HAAF are characterized by spindle morphology and express fibronectin. They are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi and can further expand for 12 population doublings in Fibroblast Growth Medium(Cat# MD-0011) under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Fibroblasts (Primary Cells, Custom Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e aortic atery; Aortic Adventitial; Cardiovascular\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFibroblasts are key stromal cells that produce and remodel extracellular matrix, coordinate wound repair, and shape tissue microenvironments through paracrine signaling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse of flow\/shear and barrier-focused assays to study vascular inflammation, permeability, and angiogenic remodeling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eEvaluate angiogenic behavior using migration and tube-formation readouts (assay dependent)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eScreen compounds or genetic perturbations for phenotype modulation using viability or imaging endpoints\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500237\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ Inquire about custom lot sizes, package sizes and marker characterization","offer_id":53197811679597,"sku":"10HU-120","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-120.webp?v=1782157704"},{"product_id":"human-adipose-derived-stem-cells-adscs-type-2-diabetes-bhc18500006","title":"Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs, Type 2 Diabetes)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Adipose Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs, Type 2 Diabetes)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells derived from Adipose (Adipose Derived Stem) associated with Type 2 Diabetes within the Integumentary system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHuman Adipose-Derived Stem cells (ADSCs) are isolated from human lipoaspirate tissue collected during elective surgical liposuction procedures. ADSCs are available for normal donors, patients with Type 1 Diabetes , Type 2 Diabetes, or Obesity (BMI\u0026gt;30) . It has been shown that the ADSCs demonstrate very similar phenotypic and functional characteristics to that of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Thousands of articles have been published on ADSCs using a variety of terminology, including preadipocytes, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), adipose MSCs (AMSCs), adipose-derived adult stem (ADAS) cells, and adipose stromal\/stem cells (ASCs). Normal human ADSCs have been reported to differentiate into many different lineages including chondrogenic, osteogenic, adipogenic and neural. And have been applied in studies include stem cell differentiation, regenerative medicine [1] , and cell therapy [2] . iXCells Biotechnologies offers normal human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSC) from adipose tissues from single donor, and cryopreserved at passage 1. hADSC are positive for CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, and negative for CD14, CD31, CD45 ( Figure 1 ). hADSC can be in vitro differentiated into adipocytes and osteoblasts ( Figure 2 and 3 ) using Adipocyte Differentiation Medium (Cat# MD-0005) and Osteogenic Differentiation Medium (Cat# MD-0006) , separately. hADSC can be further expanded for 3-4 passages using Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Growth Medium (Cat# MD-0003) . These cells are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Figure 1. Immunostaining of cell surface markers of human ADSC.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Adipose; Adipose Derived Stem; Integumentary\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDonor background:\u003c\/strong\u003e Age: Adult; Disease\/condition: Type 2 Diabetes\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStem and progenitor cell models are widely used to study differentiation programs, lineage commitment, and regenerative responses under controlled culture perturbations.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eInduce lineage differentiation and track marker changes over a maturation time-course\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eEvaluate multipotency using lineage-specific staining and gene expression panels\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500006\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197811712365,"sku":"10HU-007","price":1015.04,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-007.png?v=1775378645"},{"product_id":"human-brain-vascular-pericytes-hbvp-bhc18500026","title":"Human Brain Vascular Pericytes (HBVP)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Brain Vascular Pericytes (HBVP)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Pericytes derived from Brain (Brain Vascular) within the Nervous system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePericytes are contractile cells that wrap around the endothelial cells of capillary and venules throughout the body [1] . Pericytes are embedded in basement membrane, where they communicate with endothelial cells by means of direct physical contact and paracrine signaling [2] . In the brain, pericytes help sustain the blood-brain barriers, which regulate capillary blood flow, the clearance and phagocytosis of cellular debris and the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Pericytes deficiency in the central nervous system can cause the blood-brain barrier breakdown, leading to neurodegenerative diseases. iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality Human Brain Vascular Pericytes (HBVP), which are isolated from human brain and cryopreserved at P2, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. These HBVP are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. They can further expand for no more than 3 passages in Human Pericyte Growth Medium (Cat# MD-0030) under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies. Additional expansion is not recommended, because the purity of pericyte population may decrease. Figure 1. Human Brain Vascular Pericytes (HBVP). (A) Phase contrast image of HBVP. (B) Immunofluorescence staining with antibody against Anti-alpha smooth muscle Actin (α-SMA).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Pericytes (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Brain; Brain Vascular; Nervous\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCells originating from the Nervous system are commonly studied to understand tissue-specific physiology, signaling, and responses to perturbations in controlled in vitro settings.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eGrowth of human-relevant neural models (including glial components) to study circuit- and inflammation-linked phenotypes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify neurite outgrowth and synaptic marker profiles in neural cultures\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure neuroinflammatory signaling in neuron–glia or microglia-enriched models\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500026\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197811745133,"sku":"10HU-031","price":1058.72,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-031.png?v=1775378643"},{"product_id":"rat-spinal-cord-motor-neurons-rscmn-bhc18500115","title":"Rat Spinal Cord Motor Neurons (RSCMN)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRat Spinal Cord Motor Neurons (RSCMN)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Rat Neurons derived from Spinal Cord (Spinal Cord Motor) within the Nervous system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe spinal cord is the most important structure between the body and the brain. The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum where it is continuous with the medulla to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebrae [1] . The spinal cord is composed of tubular bundles of nervous tissues and support cells. Extending from the occipital bone of the skull until it terminates near the second lumbar vertebra, the spinal cord transmits neural signals from the motor cortex to the body, and from the afferent fibers of the sensory neurons to the sensory cortex. It is also a center for coordinating many reflexes and contains reflex arcs that can independently control reflexes [2] . Studies using spinal cord neurons will allow a better understanding of the disease mechanisms, physiopathologies, and advancement in drug development and therapies. Cultures of spinal cord neurons can be applied for a variety of experiments including cytotoxicity test, immunocytochemistry staining, live cell imaging and co-culture, etc. iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality Rat Spinal Cord Motor Neurons (RSCMN), which are isolated from D16 rat embryo spinal cord and cryopreserved at P0, with \u0026gt;0.2 million cells in each vial. When cultured under the recommended conditions, RSCMN arborize and form complex neurite network since about 4-5 days till one week. RSpN stain positive for Tuj1 and MAP2. RSCMN are negative for mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Figure 1. (A) Phase contrast image of Rat Spinal Cord Motor Neurons (RSCMN) (DIV 4). (B) RSCMN are positive for β III-Tubulin (TUJ1) and MAP2 as shown by immunofluorescence staining.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Neurons (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Spinal Cord; Spinal Cord Motor; Nervous\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-1 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNeural and glial cell models support studies of neuronal signaling, synaptic biology, neuroinflammation, and cell-type–specific responses to injury or disease-relevant stimuli.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eGrowth of human-relevant neural models (including glial components) to study circuit- and inflammation-linked phenotypes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify neurite outgrowth and synaptic marker profiles in neural cultures\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure neuroinflammatory signaling in neuron–glia or microglia-enriched models\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500115\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.2 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197811777901,"sku":"10RA-033","price":588.64,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10RA-033.png?v=1775378648"},{"product_id":"human-peripheral-blood-pan-monocytes-negative-untouched-bhc18500008","title":"Human Peripheral Blood Pan Monocytes - Untouched","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Peripheral Blood Pan Monocytes - Untouched\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Immune Cells AND Hematopoietic Cells derived from Peripheral Blood (Peripheral Blood Pan Monocytes - Untouched) within the Blood system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonocytes are innate blood cells that maintain vascular homeostasis and are early responders to pathogens in acute infections [1, 2] . Monocytes constitute 10~30% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the human body. They play multiple roles in immune function including replenishing resident macrophages under normal states. And in response to inflammation signals, monocytes can move quickly (approx. 8–12 hours) to sites of infection in the tissues and divide\/differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells to elicit an immune response [3] . CD14 is an important surface marker for monocytes. iXCells Biotechnologies offers Human Peripheral Blood Pan Monocytes (Untouched) isolated from normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using negative immunomagnetic selection ( Kopelsonclinic ). \u0026gt; 85% of the cells are CD14+ as showed by flow cytometric analysis. Figure 1. The representative flow cytometry analysis result of Human Peripheral Blood Pan Monocytes (Untouched).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Immune Cells AND Hematopoietic Cells (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Peripheral Blood; Peripheral Blood Pan Monocytes - Untouched; Blood\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCells originating from the Blood system are commonly studied to understand tissue-specific physiology, signaling, and responses to perturbations in controlled in vitro settings.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eExpansion of high-dimensional immune phenotyping and perturbation screens to map activation states and functional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eStimulate immune cells and quantify activation markers and cytokine release\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePerform immune profiling by multiparameter flow cytometry to resolve major subsets\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500008\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 10 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197811810669,"sku":"10HU-008N-10M","price":1129.44,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 40 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197819511149,"sku":"10HU-008N-40M","price":2117.44,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-008N-10M.png?v=1775378647"},{"product_id":"human-glomerular-microvascular-endothelial-cells-hgmec-bhc18500030","title":"Human Glomerular Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HGMEC)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Glomerular Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HGMEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Endothelial Cells derived from Kidney (Glomerular Microvascular) within the Urinary system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHuman Glomerular Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HGMEC) are highly specialized cells with fenestrae and a charged luminal glycocalyx layer, which contribute to the filtration barrier [1,2] . They have a unique constellation of structural features (including absence of diaphragm but retention of a basal lamina), and perform a vital physiological function in allowing filtration of the blood in the glomerulus [3,4] . The study of human HGMEC can enable complete understanding of glomerular filtration, glomerular disease, response to glomerular injury, and the potential for therapeutic manipulations in these contexts. iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality HGMEC, which are isolated from human kidneys and cryopreserved at P0 after purification, with ≥ 0.5 million cells in each vial. HGMEC are characterized by immunofluorescence with antibodies specific to vWF\/Factor VIII and CD31 (PECAM), and by the formation of microtubular structures in vitro. They are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. HGMEC can proliferate in Endothelial Cell Growth Media, but they are not recommended for further expansion, because the purity of the endothelial population may decrease. Figure 1. Human Glomerular Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HGMEC). (A) Phase contrast image of HGMEC. (B \u0026amp; C) Immunofluorescence staining with antibodies against VE-Cadherin (B) and vWF\/Factor VIII (C).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Endothelial Cells (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Kidney; Glomerular Microvascular; Urinary\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and regulate barrier function, leukocyte trafficking, coagulation balance, and angiogenic remodeling in response to biomechanical and inflammatory cues.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure barrier function and inflammatory activation in endothelial monolayers\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssess adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte interaction under inflammatory cues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500030\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197811843437,"sku":"10HU-061","price":877.76,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-061.png?v=1775378646"},{"product_id":"canine-aortic-endothelial-cells-cnaec-bhc18500003","title":"Canine Aortic Endothelial Cells (CnAEC)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCanine Aortic Endothelial Cells (CnAEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Canine Endothelial Cells derived from Blood Vessel (Aortic) within the Cardiovascular system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eiXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality Canine Aortic Endothelial Cells (CnAEC), which are isolated from canine aorta and cryopreserved at P2, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. CnAEC provide a useful model to study cardiovascular diseases and test potential therapeutic agents, not only important from a veterinary perspective, but also having implications for human health ( Wildernessmedical ). These CnAEC are negative for mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi and can further expand for 10 population doublings in Canine Endothelial Cell Growth Medium (Cat# MD-0072) under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Endothelial Cells (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Blood Vessel; Aortic; Cardiovascular\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and regulate barrier function, leukocyte trafficking, coagulation balance, and angiogenic remodeling in response to biomechanical and inflammatory cues.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse of flow\/shear and barrier-focused assays to study vascular inflammation, permeability, and angiogenic remodeling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure barrier function and inflammatory activation in endothelial monolayers\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssess adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte interaction under inflammatory cues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500003\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197811876205,"sku":"10CN-001","price":1242.8,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10CN-001.png?v=1775378646"},{"product_id":"rat-mesenchymal-stem-cells-negative-bone-marrow-rmsc-bm-bhc18500112","title":"Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells - Bone Marrow (RMSC-bm)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRat Mesenchymal Stem Cells - Bone Marrow (RMSC-bm)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells derived from Bone Marrow (Bone Marrow) within the Blood system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a well-characterized population of adult stem cells. They have the potential to develop into mature cells that produce fat, cartilage, bone, tendons, and muscle [1, 2]. The developmental plasticity of MSC has generated tremendous interest because of the potential use of mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine to replace damaged tissues. MSC cultured without serum in the presence of transformation growth factors will differentiate into chondrocytes. In contrast, MSC cultured in serum with ascorbic acid and dexamethasone will differentiate into osteoblasts. With their renewal capability, MSC have the potential to be transplanted into an injured site or seeded on a biomimetic scaffold to generate appropriate tissue constructs. iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells – Bone Marrow (RMSC-bm), which are isolated from adult rat bone marrow and cryopreserved at P1, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. RMSC-bm are positive for CD29, CD73, CD90, CD105, and negative for CD34, CD45. These cells are also characterized by lipid staining after differentiation. RMSC-bm are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi and can further expand for 3-4 population Mesenchymal Stem Cell Medium (Cat# MD-0037) without losing their multipotent properties. Figure 1. Adipocyte differentiation from Rat MSC-bone marrow (oil red staining, Day 14 post adipogenic induction).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mesenchymal Stem Cells (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow; Blood\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDonor background:\u003c\/strong\u003e Age: Adult\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-1 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStem and progenitor cell models are widely used to study differentiation programs, lineage commitment, and regenerative responses under controlled culture perturbations.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eExpansion of high-dimensional immune phenotyping and perturbation screens to map activation states and functional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eInduce lineage differentiation and track marker changes over a maturation time-course\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eEvaluate multipotency using lineage-specific staining and gene expression panels\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500112\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197811908973,"sku":"10RA-023","price":749.84,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10RA-023.png?v=1775378649"},{"product_id":"human-dermal-blood-endothelial-cells-hdbec-bhc18500225","title":"Human Dermal Blood Endothelial Cells (HDBEC)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Dermal Blood Endothelial Cells (HDBEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Endothelial Cells derived from Skin (Dermal Blood) within the Integumentary system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary Human Dermal Blood Endothelial Cells (HDBEC) are a subpopulation of the Human Dermal Endothelial Cells. HDBEC have a key function in physiological processes like vessel tonus, capillary permeability, blood coagulation, fibrolysis, and angiogenesis. They are also useful for disease studies of atherosclerosis, tumor genesis, and thrombosis. iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality HDBEC, which are isolated from the dermis of juvenile foreskin and adult skin from different locations through a single donor. They are cryopreserved at P2, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. HDBEC stain positive for vWF\/Factor VIII and CD31 (PECAM), and negative for podoplanin and smooth musucle specific alpha-actin. They are also negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi, and can be further expanded in Endothelial Cell Growth Medium (Cat# MD-0010) under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Endothelial Cells (Primary Cells, Custom Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Skin; Dermal Blood; Integumentary\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDonor background:\u003c\/strong\u003e Age: Adult\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and regulate barrier function, leukocyte trafficking, coagulation balance, and angiogenic remodeling in response to biomechanical and inflammatory cues.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure barrier function and inflammatory activation in endothelial monolayers\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssess adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte interaction under inflammatory cues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500225\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ Inquire about custom lot sizes, package sizes and marker characterization","offer_id":53197811941741,"sku":"10HU-056","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-056.png?v=1782157705"},{"product_id":"human-bladder-microvascular-endothelial-cells-hblmec-bhc18500222","title":"Human Bladder Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HBlMEC)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Bladder Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HBlMEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Endothelial Cells derived from bladder (Bladder Microvascular) within the Urinary system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eiXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality Human Bladder Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HBlMEC), which are isolated from human bladder tissue and cryopreserved at P2, with \u0026gt; 0.5 million cells in each vial. HBlMEC can be used in assays of cell to cell adhesion, migration, and vascular tube formation. Standard biochemical procedures performed with endothelial cell cultures include RT-PCR, Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescent staining, immunofluorescent flow cytometry, and generating cell derivatives for desired research applications. H BlMEC express vWF\/Factor VIII and CD31 (PECAM) and DiI-Ac-LDL by uptake. HBlMEC are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast and fungi and can further expand for 10 population doublings in Endothelial Cell Growth Medium (Cat# MD-0010) under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Endothelial Cells (Primary Cells, Custom Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e bladder; Bladder Microvascular; Urinary\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and regulate barrier function, leukocyte trafficking, coagulation balance, and angiogenic remodeling in response to biomechanical and inflammatory cues.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure barrier function and inflammatory activation in endothelial monolayers\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssess adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte interaction under inflammatory cues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500222\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197811974509,"sku":"10HU-050","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-050.webp?v=1782157704"},{"product_id":"human-dermal-fibroblasts-neonatal-hdf-n-bhc18500011","title":"Human Dermal Fibroblasts-neonatal (HDF-n)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Dermal Fibroblasts-neonatal (HDF-n)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Fibroblasts Cells derived from Skin (Dermal Fibroblasts) within the Integumentary system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHuman Dermal Fibroblasts (HDF) are the most prevalent cell in human dermis, and one of the most important architects of cutaneous would healing [1] . The fibroblast is a malleable cell, capable of altering its function and physiology or even transforming into a new cell type, based on its location within the body. The dermal fibroblast also has the unique title of being the first human somatic cell to be induced into a pluripotent stem cell line [2,3] . iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality Human Dermal Fibroblasts (HDF) from normal donors including neonatal foreskinand adult skin ( Cat# 10HU-014 ), or from adult skin of Type 1 Diabetes ( Cat# 10HU-219 ) patients. These cells are derived from the dermis of normal human neonatal foreskin or adult skin and cryopreserved at the end of primary culture. HDF are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. They can further expand inFibroblast Growth Medium ( Cat# MD-0011 ) for no more than 3 passages under the condition suggested by iXCells Biologies. Further expansion may decrease the proliferation rate and purity. Figure 1. (A) Human Neonatal Dermal Fibroblasts (10HU-013). (B) Human Adult Dermal Fibroblasts (10HU-014).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Fibroblasts Cells (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Skin; Dermal Fibroblasts; Integumentary\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDonor background:\u003c\/strong\u003e Age: Neonatal, Adult\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFibroblasts are key stromal cells that produce and remodel extracellular matrix, coordinate wound repair, and shape tissue microenvironments through paracrine signaling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eModel wound-healing–relevant signaling and extracellular matrix interactions\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eScreen compounds or genetic perturbations for phenotype modulation using viability or imaging endpoints\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500011\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197812007277,"sku":"10HU-013-0.5M","price":663.52,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 1 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197819838829,"sku":"10HU-013-1M","price":724.88,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-013-1M.png?v=1775378648"},{"product_id":"human-peripheral-blood-cd4-positive-helper-t-cells-bhc18500017","title":"Human Peripheral Blood CD4+ Helper T Cells","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Peripheral Blood CD4+ Helper T Cells\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Immune Cells AND Hematopoietic Cells derived from Peripheral Blood (Peripheral Blood CD4+ Helper T) within the Blood system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe CD4+ T cells, also known as T helper cells (T h cells), are a type of T cells that play an important role in the immune system, particularly in the adaptive immune system [1] . CD4+ T cells can regulate immune response through different cytokines secreted [2] . They are essential in B cell antibody class switching, in the activation and growth of cytotoxic T cells, and in maximizing bactericidal activity of phagocytes such as macrophages. Considering the diverse and important role CD4+ T cells play in the immune system, it is not surprising that these cells often influence the immune response against disease. CD4+ T cells have been involved in hypersensitivity and as the main target cells of HIV pathogenesis. iXCells Biotechnologies offers CD4+ T Cells isolated from normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using positive immunomagnetic selection. \u0026gt; 90% of the cells are CD4+ as showed by flow cytometric analysis (Figure 1).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Immune Cells AND Hematopoietic Cells (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Peripheral Blood; Peripheral Blood CD4+ Helper T; Blood\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCells originating from the Blood system are commonly studied to understand tissue-specific physiology, signaling, and responses to perturbations in controlled in vitro settings.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eExpansion of high-dimensional immune phenotyping and perturbation screens to map activation states and functional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eStimulate immune cells and quantify activation markers and cytokine release\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePerform immune profiling by multiparameter flow cytometry to resolve major subsets\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500017\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 10 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197812040045,"sku":"10HU-023-10M","price":608.4,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-023-10M.png?v=1782157706"},{"product_id":"human-bladder-epithelial-cells-hblepc-bhc18500036","title":"Human Bladder Epithelial Cells (HBlEpC)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Bladder Epithelial Cells (HBlEpC)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Endothelial Cells derived from Bladder (Bladder Epithelial) within the Urinary system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe mammalian urinary bladder epithelium (urothelium) performs the important function of storing urine for extended periods, while maintaining the urine composition similar to that delivered by the kidneys [1] . The importance of the barrier function of the urothelium is illustrated by infectious cystitis. The loss of the barrier function results in the movement of urinary constituents into the lamina propria and underlying muscle layers, resulting in suprapubic and lower back pain and frequent, urgent, and painful voiding [2] . iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality HBIEpC, which are isolated from normal human bladder and cryopreserved at P2, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. HAEpC express cytokeratin-18 and are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. HBIEpc can further expand no more than 3 passages in Epithelial Cell Growth Medium (Cat# MD-0041) under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies. Figure 1. Human Bladder Epithelial Cells (HBlEpC). ( A ) Phase contrast image of HPRTEpC. ( B ) Immunofluorescence staining with antibody against ZO-1 (B).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Endothelial Cells (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Bladder; Bladder Epithelial; Urinary\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and regulate barrier function, leukocyte trafficking, coagulation balance, and angiogenic remodeling in response to biomechanical and inflammatory cues.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure barrier function and inflammatory activation in endothelial monolayers\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssess adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte interaction under inflammatory cues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500036\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197812072813,"sku":"10HU-092","price":905.84,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-092.png?v=1775378645"},{"product_id":"human-peripheral-blood-cd19-positive-b-cells-untouched-bhc18500023","title":"Human Peripheral Blood CD19+ B Cells (Untouched)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Peripheral Blood CD19+ B Cells (Untouched)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Immune Cells AND Hematopoietic Cells derived from Peripheral Blood (Peripheral Blood CD19+ B) within the Blood system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a subtype of lymphocyte in white blood cells [1] . They play a critical role in the humoral immunity component of the adaptive immune system by secreting antibodies [1] . They also function in immune system as antigen presentation cells and by secretion of cytokines [1] . CD19 (Cluster of Differentiation 19) is an important surface marker for B cells from earliest recognizable B-lineage cells during development to B-cell blasts but is lost on maturation to plasma cells. CD19 primarily acts as a B cell co-receptor in conjunction with CD21 [2] and CD81. Upon activation, the cytoplasmic tail of CD19 becomes phosphorylated, which leads to binding by Src-family kinases and recruitment of PI-3 kinase. iXCells Biotechnologies offers CD19+ B Cells isolated from normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using negative immunomagnetic selection. \u0026gt; 90% of the cells are CD19+ as showed by flow cytometric analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Immune Cells AND Hematopoietic Cells (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Peripheral Blood; Peripheral Blood CD19+ B; Blood\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCells originating from the Blood system are commonly studied to understand tissue-specific physiology, signaling, and responses to perturbations in controlled in vitro settings.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eExpansion of high-dimensional immune phenotyping and perturbation screens to map activation states and functional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eStimulate immune cells and quantify activation markers and cytokine release\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePerform immune profiling by multiparameter flow cytometry to resolve major subsets\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500023\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 10 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197812105581,"sku":"10HU-026N-10M","price":1144.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-026N-10M.png?v=1782157703"},{"product_id":"human-spleen-microvascular-endothelial-cells-hsmec-bhc18500230","title":"Human Spleen Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HSMEC)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Spleen Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HSMEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Endothelial Cells derived from Spleen (Spleen Microvascular) within the Blood system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eiXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality Human Spleen Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HSMEC), which are isolated from normal human spleen tissue and cryopreserved at P2, with \u0026gt;0.5 million cells in each vial. HSMEC display typical cobblestone with large dark nuclei appearance under light microscopy and express vWF\/Factor VIII, CD31 (PECAM), and Dil-Ac-LDL by uptake. They are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi and can further expand for 8 population doublings in Endothelial Cell Growth Medium (Cat# MD-0010) under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Endothelial Cells (Primary Cells, Custom Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Spleen; Spleen Microvascular; Blood\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and regulate barrier function, leukocyte trafficking, coagulation balance, and angiogenic remodeling in response to biomechanical and inflammatory cues.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eExpansion of high-dimensional immune phenotyping and perturbation screens to map activation states and functional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure barrier function and inflammatory activation in endothelial monolayers\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssess adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte interaction under inflammatory cues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500230\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ Inquire about custom lot sizes, package sizes and marker characterization","offer_id":53197812138349,"sku":"10HU-083","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-083.png?v=1782157705"},{"product_id":"human-pancreatic-microvascular-endothelial-cells-hpamec-bhc18500033","title":"Human Pancreatic Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HPaMEC)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Pancreatic Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HPaMEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Endothelial Cells derived from Pancreas (Pancreatic Microvascular) within the Digestive system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe pancreas functions as both an endocrine gland and a digestive organ, secreting hormones and producing pancreatic juice to aid in digestion. [1,2] The pancreatic islets, which serve as the endocrine component of the pancreas, produce essential hormones such as glucagon, insulin, and amylin [1,2] . Human Pancreatic Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HPaMECs) play a critical role in supporting the islets by delivering oxygen and nutrients to pancreatic tissue, influencing beta cell function and proliferation, and regulating insulin gene expression during islet development. Additionally, HPaMECs produce various growth factors, optimize blood glucose sensing, and help regulate blood glucose levels. HPaMECs can serve as an in vitro model for studying islet biology, pancreatic cancer, transplantation, and regenerative medicine.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Endothelial Cells (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Pancreas; Pancreatic Microvascular; Digestive\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and regulate barrier function, leukocyte trafficking, coagulation balance, and angiogenic remodeling in response to biomechanical and inflammatory cues.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure barrier function and inflammatory activation in endothelial monolayers\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssess adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte interaction under inflammatory cues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500033\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197812171117,"sku":"10HU-071","price":735.28,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-071-1.png?v=1782157704"},{"product_id":"human-coronary-artery-endothelial-cells-hcaecs-bhc18500024","title":"Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells (HCAECs)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells (HCAECs)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Endothelial Cells derived from Heart (Coronary Artery) within the Cardiovascular system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHuman Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells (HCAECs) line the vessel wall of coronary artery. They are extremely important in regulation of coronary blood flow and cardiac function. HCAEC has been used as a valuable in vitro model system to study the cardiovascular diseases such as thrombosis, atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary artery diseases [1] and diabetes-related cardiovascular diseases [2] . iXCells Biotechnologies provides high quality HCAECs, which are isolated from human coronary artery from single donors and cryopreserved at P2, with ≥ 0.5 million cells in each vial. These HCAECs express vWF\/Factor VIII, VE-Cadherin, and CD31. They are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi and can further expand no more than 3 passages in Endothelial Cell Growth Media under the condition suggested by iXCells Biotechnologies. Figure 1. (A) HCAEC Phase contract (B) HCAEC CD31 staining (C) HCAEC vWF staining\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Endothelial Cells (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Heart; Coronary Artery; Cardiovascular\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEndothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels and regulate barrier function, leukocyte trafficking, coagulation balance, and angiogenic remodeling in response to biomechanical and inflammatory cues.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse of flow\/shear and barrier-focused assays to study vascular inflammation, permeability, and angiogenic remodeling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMeasure barrier function and inflammatory activation in endothelial monolayers\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssess adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte interaction under inflammatory cues\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500024\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 0.5 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197812203885,"sku":"10HU-028","price":959.92,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-028.png?v=1775378645"},{"product_id":"human-stromal-vascular-fraction-hsvf-from-normal-adipose-tissue-bhc18500021","title":"Human stromal vascular fraction (hSVF, from normal adipose tissue)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman stromal vascular fraction (hSVF, from normal adipose tissue)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a cell model used for research applications where physiologically relevant identity and donor background support interpretation of experimental readouts. Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells derived from Adipose (stromal vascular fraction) within the Integumentary system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHuman stromal vascular fraction (hSVF) is freshly isolated heterogeneous cell fraction derived from native adipose tissue or liposuction aspirates from normal donors, patients with Obesity (BMI\u0026gt;30) or Type 2 Diabetes [1] . SVF contains mature cells (e.g., fibroblasts, smooth muscle, endothelial, blood cells), progenitor cells (e.g., preadipocytes and endothelial, vascular, and hematopoietic progenitors), and, most importantly, stem cells (e.g., mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells, pericytes, and supra-adventitial cells), which are also known as adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) [2] . SVF has attracted substantial attention for its potential use in regenerative medicine in various fields, including internal medicine, orthopedics, plastic and general surgery, and wound healing [3] . iXCells Biotechnologies provides SVF from human subcutaneous white fat tissue by enzymatic isolation and cryopreserved at P0, with ≥ 1.0 million cells\/vial (Normal) or 0.5 million cells\/vial (Diseased). These cells are negative for HIV-1, HBV, HCV, mycoplasma, bacteria, yeast, and fungi.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCell identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (Primary Cells)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Adipose; stromal vascular fraction; Integumentary\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiosafety level:\u003c\/strong\u003e BSL-2 (follow your institution’s biosafety program and local regulations)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduct-specific elements (such as tissue source, donor background, and cell classification) help frame how results should be interpreted across assays and experimental conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStem and progenitor cell models are widely used to study differentiation programs, lineage commitment, and regenerative responses under controlled culture perturbations.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross primary and specialty cell models, experimental outcomes can be influenced by donor heterogeneity, passage history, confluence, and media composition. For interpretation, it is common to validate key markers or functional phenotypes in the user’s assay context and to document culture variables consistently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIncreasing use of primary and specialty cells to improve translational relevance for target biology and phenotypic screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAdoption of 3D culture formats and co-culture systems to better capture tissue microenvironments and cell–cell interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eIntegration of functional readouts with single-cell and multi-omics profiling to connect phenotype with molecular state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eProfile identity markers by flow cytometry or immunostaining in cultured cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eInduce lineage differentiation and track marker changes over a maturation time-course\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify functional responses to defined stimuli relevant to the model system\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare baseline phenotype across donors\/conditions using gene expression profiling\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eEvaluate multipotency using lineage-specific staining and gene expression panels\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on how a perturbation (e.g., cytokine exposure, metabolic stress, genetic manipulation, or compound treatment) shifts marker profiles or functional readouts relative to an appropriate control matched for donor and culture variables.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDonor-to-donor heterogeneity can influence baseline phenotype and treatment response; include biological replicates when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePassage number, confluence, and media composition can shift gene expression and functional readouts; track and report these variables consistently.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eContamination control (including routine mycoplasma monitoring) supports reproducibility in downstream assays.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate negative\/positive controls for the readout (e.g., unstimulated controls, pathway agonists\/antagonists) to contextualize observed changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- ATCC Animal Cell Culture Guide — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/animal-cell-culture-guide\n- Cell Line Authentication — ATCC — https:\/\/www.atcc.org\/resources\/culture-guides\/cell-line-authentication\n- Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) — U.S. HHS\/CDC\/NIH — https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/labs\/BMBL.html\n- Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture — NCBI Bookshelf\/PMC — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/\n- Primary cell culture considerations — Nature Methods — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/\n- Good cell culture practice guidelines — OECD\/ECVAM (concept) — https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\n--\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC18500021\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"iXCells Biotechnologies","offers":[{"title":"Cryopreserved \/ 1 million cells\/vial","offer_id":53197812236653,"sku":"10HU-025","price":847.6,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/10HU-025.png?v=1782157702"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/collections\/ixcells-biotechnologies.oembed?page=6","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}