{"title":"Neuroscience","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"human-il-33-elisa-kit-ez-set-diy-antibody-pairs-bhe21000101","title":"Human IL-33 ELISA Kit EZ-Set™ (DIY Antibody Pairs)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e C9orf26, DVS27, DVS27 related protein, IL-1F11, IL-33, IL1F11, IL33, IL33_HUMAN.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eIL-33\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eIL33\u003c\/strong\u003e) is an established target in many assay panels, supporting hypothesis testing across diverse biological systems. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. Cytokines and chemokines act as soluble messengers that coordinate immune cell activation, trafficking, and effector functions. Their concentrations can change rapidly in response to infection, tissue injury, or immune stimulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological function and signaling context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn immune signaling networks, cytokine production is often induced by pattern-recognition pathways and inflammatory transcriptional programs, while feedback regulators can dampen responses to restore homeostasis. Chemokine gradients guide leukocyte migration, influencing which cell populations accumulate at a site and how long they persist.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmune activation readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shifts in abundance can reflect pathway engagement and cellular activation state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMicroenvironment profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Levels can help characterize inflammatory tone in tissues or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResponse monitoring:\u003c\/strong\u003e Time-course measurements support interpretation of stimulus, treatment, or infection models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMany cytokines and chemokines are reported to associate with inflammatory, autoimmune, infectious, and oncology-related processes. In research settings, interpreting changes benefits from pairing this analyte with complementary markers (e.g., upstream triggers, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators) and considering matrix effects.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"5 plates\/kit","offer_id":52920804508013,"sku":"EZ0929","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek0929_1.png?v=1769077508"},{"product_id":"mouse-complement-c5a-picokine-quick-elisa-kit-bhe21000274","title":"Mouse Complement C5a PicoKine® Quick ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMouse \u003cstrong\u003eComplement C5a\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eC5\u003c\/strong\u003e) is a commonly measured biological analyte that can provide insight into cellular state and tissue physiology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. This analyte is often discussed in the context of \u003cstrong\u003eplasma protein and inflammation-linked pathways\u003c\/strong\u003e. Inflammation and coagulation networks include abundant plasma proteins, regulators, and cleavage products that can change with immune activation and tissue damage.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn experimental systems, protein abundance can reflect regulated expression, secretion, processing, or clearance. Interpreting changes benefits from considering compartment (cell-associated vs soluble), the time scale of regulation, and whether complexes or modified forms contribute to the measured signal.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSystems-level readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Quantification supports comparisons across conditions, time points, and treatment groups.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMechanistic interpretation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Pairing with upstream regulators and downstream markers helps contextualize changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiomarker-style profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Measuring panels of related analytes can improve interpretability in complex models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920810504557,"sku":"FEK0987","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/fek0987.png?v=1769077589"},{"product_id":"human-cd40-ligand-tnfsf5-cd40lg-elisa-kit-picokine-bhe21000526","title":"Human CD40 Ligand\/TNFSF5\/CD40LG ELISA Kit PicoKine®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e CD40 ligand, CD40-L, T-cell antigen Gp39, TNF-related activation protein, TRAP, Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5, CD154, membrane form.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eCD40 Ligand\/TNFSF5\/CD40LG\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eCD40LG\u003c\/strong\u003e) is a commonly measured biological analyte that can provide insight into cellular state and tissue physiology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. Cytokines and chemokines act as soluble messengers that coordinate immune cell activation, trafficking, and effector functions. Their concentrations can change rapidly in response to infection, tissue injury, or immune stimulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological function and signaling context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn immune signaling networks, cytokine production is often induced by pattern-recognition pathways and inflammatory transcriptional programs, while feedback regulators can dampen responses to restore homeostasis. Chemokine gradients guide leukocyte migration, influencing which cell populations accumulate at a site and how long they persist.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmune activation readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shifts in abundance can reflect pathway engagement and cellular activation state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMicroenvironment profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Levels can help characterize inflammatory tone in tissues or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResponse monitoring:\u003c\/strong\u003e Time-course measurements support interpretation of stimulus, treatment, or infection models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMany cytokines and chemokines are reported to associate with inflammatory, autoimmune, infectious, and oncology-related processes. In research settings, interpreting changes benefits from pairing this analyte with complementary markers (e.g., upstream triggers, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators) and considering matrix effects.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920819319149,"sku":"EK0573","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek0573_0a704d13-6dc8-416f-be4c-7b7d533da50b.png?v=1769077726"},{"product_id":"human-tnfsf11-rankl-elisa-kit-picokine-bhe21000650","title":"Human TNFSF11\/RANKL ELISA Kit PicoKine®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11, Osteoclast differentiation factor, ODF, Osteoprotegerin ligand, OPGL, Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, RANKL, TNF-related activation-induced cytokine.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eTNFSF11\/RANKL\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eTNFSF11\u003c\/strong\u003e) is an established target in many assay panels, supporting hypothesis testing across diverse biological systems. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. Cytokines and chemokines act as soluble messengers that coordinate immune cell activation, trafficking, and effector functions. Their concentrations can change rapidly in response to infection, tissue injury, or immune stimulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological function and signaling context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn immune signaling networks, cytokine production is often induced by pattern-recognition pathways and inflammatory transcriptional programs, while feedback regulators can dampen responses to restore homeostasis. Chemokine gradients guide leukocyte migration, influencing which cell populations accumulate at a site and how long they persist.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmune activation readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shifts in abundance can reflect pathway engagement and cellular activation state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMicroenvironment profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Levels can help characterize inflammatory tone in tissues or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResponse monitoring:\u003c\/strong\u003e Time-course measurements support interpretation of stimulus, treatment, or infection models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMany cytokines and chemokines are reported to associate with inflammatory, autoimmune, infectious, and oncology-related processes. In research settings, interpreting changes benefits from pairing this analyte with complementary markers (e.g., upstream triggers, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators) and considering matrix effects.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920823578989,"sku":"EK0842","price":399.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek0842.jpg?v=1769077783"},{"product_id":"mouse-tnfsf11-rankl-elisa-kit-picokine-bhe21000651","title":"Mouse TNFSF11\/RANKL ELISA Kit PicoKine®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11, Osteoclast differentiation factor, ODF, Osteoprotegerin ligand, OPGL, Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, RANKL, TNF-related activation-induced cytokine.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMouse \u003cstrong\u003eTNFSF11\/RANKL\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eTNFSF11\u003c\/strong\u003e) is an established target in many assay panels, supporting hypothesis testing across diverse biological systems. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. Cytokines and chemokines act as soluble messengers that coordinate immune cell activation, trafficking, and effector functions. Their concentrations can change rapidly in response to infection, tissue injury, or immune stimulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological function and signaling context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn immune signaling networks, cytokine production is often induced by pattern-recognition pathways and inflammatory transcriptional programs, while feedback regulators can dampen responses to restore homeostasis. Chemokine gradients guide leukocyte migration, influencing which cell populations accumulate at a site and how long they persist.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmune activation readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shifts in abundance can reflect pathway engagement and cellular activation state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMicroenvironment profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Levels can help characterize inflammatory tone in tissues or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResponse monitoring:\u003c\/strong\u003e Time-course measurements support interpretation of stimulus, treatment, or infection models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMany cytokines and chemokines are reported to associate with inflammatory, autoimmune, infectious, and oncology-related processes. In research settings, interpreting changes benefits from pairing this analyte with complementary markers (e.g., upstream triggers, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators) and considering matrix effects.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920823644525,"sku":"EK0843","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek0843_2.png?v=1769077784"},{"product_id":"mouse-trkb-elisa-kit-picokine-bhe21000654","title":"Mouse TrkB ELISA Kit PicoKine®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e BDNF\/NT-3 growth factors receptor, 2.7.10.1, GP145-TrkB\/GP95-TrkB, Trk-B, Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2, TrkB tyrosine kinase, Ntrk2, Trkb.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMouse \u003cstrong\u003eTrkB\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eNTRK2\u003c\/strong\u003e) is a commonly measured biological analyte that can provide insight into cellular state and tissue physiology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. Growth factors and morphogens regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and tissue remodeling by engaging surface receptors and activating downstream signaling cascades. Their activity is often context-dependent, shaped by receptor availability, extracellular matrix binding, and feedback regulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological function and mechanism\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn many systems, growth-factor signaling integrates environmental cues with developmental or repair programs. Downstream pathways frequently include kinase signaling modules and transcriptional responses that alter cell-cycle control, migration, or lineage specification. Because these signals can be transient, quantitative measurements are useful for understanding timing and dose dependence.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePathway engagement:\u003c\/strong\u003e Concentration changes can indicate activation of growth, survival, or differentiation programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTissue remodeling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Levels may relate to repair, fibrosis, angiogenesis, or developmental patterning in model systems.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMechanistic studies:\u003c\/strong\u003e Tracking abundance alongside downstream markers helps connect ligand availability to signaling output.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAltered growth-factor signaling has been reported across diverse conditions, including cancer biology, cardiovascular remodeling, wound repair, and metabolic dysfunction. For research interpretation, consider whether the measured form represents active ligand, bound complexes, or processed fragments, as these can influence apparent levels.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920823742829,"sku":"EK0849","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek0849.jpg?v=1769077784"},{"product_id":"human-epha1-elisa-kit-picokine-bhe21001401","title":"Human EphA1 ELISA Kit PicoKine®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eEphA1\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eEPHA1\u003c\/strong\u003e) is widely studied as a molecular readout in experimental models where changes in protein abundance reflect underlying biology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. As with many protein targets, abundance can be influenced by transcriptional regulation, secretion or shedding, proteolytic processing, and clearance. Quantitative measurement is often used to connect molecular changes with phenotypes such as stress responses, immune activation, differentiation, or tissue remodeling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological context and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eProtein-level readouts complement nucleic-acid measurements by reflecting post-transcriptional control and protein stability. Depending on the model system, changes may be transient or sustained, and may represent direct pathway engagement or secondary effects. When interpreting results, consider sample matrix effects, timing relative to stimulation or treatment, and whether complexes or modified forms of the analyte may be present.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComparative quantification:\u003c\/strong\u003e Supports analysis across experimental groups, time points, or dose ranges.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePathway context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Useful as part of a broader marker panel to triangulate biological mechanisms.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eModel characterization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Helps profile baseline vs perturbed states in cells, tissues, or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eRelated pathways and interacting partners\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor many targets, interpretability improves when measured alongside biologically connected markers (e.g., upstream regulators, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators). Designing panels around a pathway hypothesis can help distinguish primary pathway activation from general stress or inflammation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920874762605,"sku":"EK1796","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek1796_d0d2d194-0f89-4a4d-ae32-37a5068c19db.png?v=1769078194"},{"product_id":"human-jam-b-jam2-elisa-kit-picokine-bhe21001436","title":"Human JAM-B\/JAM2 ELISA Kit PicoKine®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Junctional adhesion molecule B, JAM-B, Junctional adhesion molecule 2, JAM-2, Vascular endothelial junction-associated molecule, VE-JAM, CD322, JAM2.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eJAM-B\/JAM2\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eJAM2\u003c\/strong\u003e) is a commonly measured biological analyte that can provide insight into cellular state and tissue physiology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. This analyte is often discussed in the context of \u003cstrong\u003ecell-surface signaling and cell-state markers\u003c\/strong\u003e. Many receptors and surface markers act as gateways for signaling or as phenotypic indicators of specific cell populations and activation states.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn experimental systems, protein abundance can reflect regulated expression, secretion, processing, or clearance. Interpreting changes benefits from considering compartment (cell-associated vs soluble), the time scale of regulation, and whether complexes or modified forms contribute to the measured signal.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSystems-level readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Quantification supports comparisons across conditions, time points, and treatment groups.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMechanistic interpretation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Pairing with upstream regulators and downstream markers helps contextualize changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiomarker-style profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Measuring panels of related analytes can improve interpretability in complex models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920876007789,"sku":"EK1842","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek1842_5e64db57-4c12-42f7-bc53-a9ab3d20491f.png?v=1769078216"},{"product_id":"human-icam-1-cd54-ez-set-and-trade-elisa-kit-diy-antibody-pairs-bhe21002020","title":"Human ICAM-1\/CD54 EZ-Set\u0026trade; ELISA Kit (DIY Antibody Pairs)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Intercellular adhesion molecule 1, ICAM-1, Major group rhinovirus receptor, CD54, ICAM1.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eICAM-1\/CD54\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eICAM1\u003c\/strong\u003e) is a commonly measured biological analyte that can provide insight into cellular state and tissue physiology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. This analyte is often discussed in the context of \u003cstrong\u003ecell-surface signaling and cell-state markers\u003c\/strong\u003e. Many receptors and surface markers act as gateways for signaling or as phenotypic indicators of specific cell populations and activation states.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn experimental systems, protein abundance can reflect regulated expression, secretion, processing, or clearance. Interpreting changes benefits from considering compartment (cell-associated vs soluble), the time scale of regulation, and whether complexes or modified forms contribute to the measured signal.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSystems-level readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Quantification supports comparisons across conditions, time points, and treatment groups.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMechanistic interpretation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Pairing with upstream regulators and downstream markers helps contextualize changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiomarker-style profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Measuring panels of related analytes can improve interpretability in complex models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"5 plates\/kit","offer_id":52920908808557,"sku":"EZ0370","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ez0370.png?v=1769078518"},{"product_id":"human-chitinase-3-like-1-ykl-40-ez-set-and-trade-elisa-kit-diy-antibody-pairs-bhe21002098","title":"Human Chitinase 3-like 1\/YKL-40 EZ-Set\u0026trade; ELISA Kit (DIY Antibody Pairs)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Chitinase-3-like protein 1, 39 kDa synovial protein, Cartilage glycoprotein 39, CGP-39, GP-39, hCGP-39, YKL-40, CHI3L1.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eChitinase 3-like 1\/YKL-40\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eCHI3L1\u003c\/strong\u003e) is widely studied as a molecular readout in experimental models where changes in protein abundance reflect underlying biology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. As with many protein targets, abundance can be influenced by transcriptional regulation, secretion or shedding, proteolytic processing, and clearance. Quantitative measurement is often used to connect molecular changes with phenotypes such as stress responses, immune activation, differentiation, or tissue remodeling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological context and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eProtein-level readouts complement nucleic-acid measurements by reflecting post-transcriptional control and protein stability. Depending on the model system, changes may be transient or sustained, and may represent direct pathway engagement or secondary effects. When interpreting results, consider sample matrix effects, timing relative to stimulation or treatment, and whether complexes or modified forms of the analyte may be present.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComparative quantification:\u003c\/strong\u003e Supports analysis across experimental groups, time points, or dose ranges.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePathway context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Useful as part of a broader marker panel to triangulate biological mechanisms.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eModel characterization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Helps profile baseline vs perturbed states in cells, tissues, or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eRelated pathways and interacting partners\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor many targets, interpretability improves when measured alongside biologically connected markers (e.g., upstream regulators, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators). Designing panels around a pathway hypothesis can help distinguish primary pathway activation from general stress or inflammation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"5 plates\/kit","offer_id":52920911593837,"sku":"EZ0974","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ez0974.png?v=1769078561"},{"product_id":"human-ca4-carbonic-anhydrase-4-ez-set-and-trade-elisa-kit-diy-antibody-pairs-bhe21002152","title":"Human CA4\/Carbonic anhydrase 4 EZ-Set\u0026trade; ELISA Kit (DIY Antibody Pairs)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Carbonic anhydrase 4, Carbonate dehydratase IV, Carbonic anhydrase IV, CA-IV.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eCA4\/Carbonic anhydrase 4\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eCA4\u003c\/strong\u003e) is an established target in many assay panels, supporting hypothesis testing across diverse biological systems. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. As with many protein targets, abundance can be influenced by transcriptional regulation, secretion or shedding, proteolytic processing, and clearance. Quantitative measurement is often used to connect molecular changes with phenotypes such as stress responses, immune activation, differentiation, or tissue remodeling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological context and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eProtein-level readouts complement nucleic-acid measurements by reflecting post-transcriptional control and protein stability. Depending on the model system, changes may be transient or sustained, and may represent direct pathway engagement or secondary effects. When interpreting results, consider sample matrix effects, timing relative to stimulation or treatment, and whether complexes or modified forms of the analyte may be present.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComparative quantification:\u003c\/strong\u003e Supports analysis across experimental groups, time points, or dose ranges.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePathway context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Useful as part of a broader marker panel to triangulate biological mechanisms.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eModel characterization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Helps profile baseline vs perturbed states in cells, tissues, or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eRelated pathways and interacting partners\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor many targets, interpretability improves when measured alongside biologically connected markers (e.g., upstream regulators, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators). Designing panels around a pathway hypothesis can help distinguish primary pathway activation from general stress or inflammation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"5 plates\/kit","offer_id":52920913428845,"sku":"EZ1939","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ez1939.png?v=1769078592"},{"product_id":"human-clec11a-ez-set-and-trade-elisa-kit-diy-antibody-pairs-bhe21002153","title":"Human CLEC11A EZ-Set\u0026trade; ELISA Kit (DIY Antibody Pairs)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e C-type lectin domain family 11 member A, C-type lectin superfamily member 3, Lymphocyte secreted C-type lectin, Osteolectin, Stem cell growth factor, p47, CLEC11A, CLECSF3.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eCLEC11A\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eCLEC11A\u003c\/strong\u003e) is an established target in many assay panels, supporting hypothesis testing across diverse biological systems. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. Cytokines and chemokines act as soluble messengers that coordinate immune cell activation, trafficking, and effector functions. Their concentrations can change rapidly in response to infection, tissue injury, or immune stimulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological function and signaling context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn immune signaling networks, cytokine production is often induced by pattern-recognition pathways and inflammatory transcriptional programs, while feedback regulators can dampen responses to restore homeostasis. Chemokine gradients guide leukocyte migration, influencing which cell populations accumulate at a site and how long they persist.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmune activation readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shifts in abundance can reflect pathway engagement and cellular activation state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMicroenvironment profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Levels can help characterize inflammatory tone in tissues or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResponse monitoring:\u003c\/strong\u003e Time-course measurements support interpretation of stimulus, treatment, or infection models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMany cytokines and chemokines are reported to associate with inflammatory, autoimmune, infectious, and oncology-related processes. In research settings, interpreting changes benefits from pairing this analyte with complementary markers (e.g., upstream triggers, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators) and considering matrix effects.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"5 plates\/kit","offer_id":52920913461613,"sku":"EZ1943","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ez1943_fa4bde74-f81a-4641-9f28-0737a897b53e.png?v=1769078592"},{"product_id":"human-complement-c1r-ez-set-and-trade-elisa-kit-diy-antibody-pairs-bhe21002154","title":"Human Complement C1R EZ-Set\u0026trade; ELISA Kit (DIY Antibody Pairs)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Complement C1r subcomponent, Complement component 1 subcomponent r, C1R.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eComplement C1R\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eC1R\u003c\/strong\u003e) is an established target in many assay panels, supporting hypothesis testing across diverse biological systems. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. This analyte is often discussed in the context of \u003cstrong\u003eplasma protein and inflammation-linked pathways\u003c\/strong\u003e. Inflammation and coagulation networks include abundant plasma proteins, regulators, and cleavage products that can change with immune activation and tissue damage.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn experimental systems, protein abundance can reflect regulated expression, secretion, processing, or clearance. Interpreting changes benefits from considering compartment (cell-associated vs soluble), the time scale of regulation, and whether complexes or modified forms contribute to the measured signal.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSystems-level readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Quantification supports comparisons across conditions, time points, and treatment groups.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMechanistic interpretation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Pairing with upstream regulators and downstream markers helps contextualize changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiomarker-style profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Measuring panels of related analytes can improve interpretability in complex models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"5 plates\/kit","offer_id":52920913494381,"sku":"EZ1954","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ez1954.png?v=1769078593"},{"product_id":"bend-3-cell-bhc11101458","title":"Bend.3 cell","description":"The Bend.3 cell line is derived from mouse brain endothelial cells and is widely utilized in neurovascular research. These cells serve as a model for studying the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a critical structure that regulates the passage of substances from the bloodstream into the brain. Bend.3 cells are instrumental in exploring the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing BBB integrity, permeability, and transport functions. Researchers use Bend.3 cells to investigate the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders, such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis, where BBB dysfunction is a hallmark.\nBend.3 cells exhibit endothelial characteristics, including the expression of tight junction proteins such as occludin, claudins, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), which are essential for maintaining the selective permeability of the BBB. They also express markers like CD31 and von Willebrand factor, typical of endothelial cells. Bend.3 cells respond to inflammatory stimuli and oxidative stress, making them suitable for studies on BBB disruption and neuroinflammation. Additionally, this cell line is used to assess the efficacy and safety of pharmacological agents intended to cross the BBB, aiding in the development of treatments for central nervous system disorders. The utility of Bend.3 cells in modeling the neurovascular unit underscores their importance in advancing our understanding of brain endothelial cell biology and the development of neurotherapeutics.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101458\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950198092141,"sku":"305265","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/Bend.3_20P1_2020x01_20140525_ch00_1920x1920_45825e74-d602-4464-a424-1efb889c0ff1.jpg?v=1769068955"},{"product_id":"bv2-cell-bhc11101230","title":"BV2 cell","description":"BV2 cells are a type of microglial cell line derived from C57BL\/6 murine, a widely used laboratory mouse strain for animal experiments. These microglial cells have been immortalized using the J2 retrovirus, which carries the v-raf and v-myc oncogenes, resulting in a stable cell line with unique characteristics. BV2 cells express nuclear v-myc and cytoplasmic v-RAF oncogenes, along with the env gp70 antigen on their surface, contributing to their role in immune responses and inflammation within the brain. One of the critical advantages of BV2 cells is their ability to retain the morphological and functional characteristics of primary microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, making them an ideal model for studying neurodegeneration and brain inflammation.\nThe role of microglia in neurodegeneration, toxicology, and immunity, particularly in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, is an ever-growing field in biomedical research. Traditional studies often rely on primary microglia cultures and continuous cell preparations. Using a microglia-like cell line, such as BV2 cells, offers a promising alternative by providing a continuous and reproducible source of microglia. BV2 cells, due to v-raf\/v-myc expression, show enhanced metabolism and growth, ideal for research on microglial activation and inflammation. Their expression of specific oncogenes and antigens mirrors macrophages, making them valuable for studying immune responses and disease mechanisms.\nA recent re-evaluation of mice BV2 microglia cells examined their suitability as a substitute for primary microglia (PM). The response of BV2 cells to lipopolysaccharide was compared with that of microglia in both in vitro and in vivo settings, however, with the upregulation of genes being slightly less pronounced on average. BV2 cells displayed normal regulation of nitric oxide and functional response to IFN-gamma, critical parameters for their interaction with T cells, neurons, and other glial cells such as astrocytes. BV2 cells were also found to stimulate other glial cells effectively, leading to the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in astrocytes.\nThis interaction between astrocytes and microglia is crucial for understanding the complex cell-cell interactions and the inflammatory response in the brain, especially in the context of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, where proteins such as NAPoe31 and NAPoe41, as well as pathways like the startle response and apoptosis, play significant roles.\nBV2 cells offer a robust and reliable tool for researchers in microglial biology. Their expression of v-raf\/v-myc oncogene products enables them to retain key characteristics of microglia and macrophages. BV2 cells have proven to be a valid substitute for primary microglia in various experimental settings, facilitating research on neurodegeneration, toxicology, immunity, and cell-cell interactions.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101230\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950199796077,"sku":"305156","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/BV2_20P3_2040x01_2011072022_1920x1920_5caaab4a-dc5b-477d-86fe-d797e57c646a.jpg?v=1769068970"},{"product_id":"c17-2-cell-bhc11101523","title":"C17.2 cell","description":"The C17.2 cell line is a neural progenitor line derived from the mouse cerebellum using retroviral-mediated oncogene transfer with the avian myc gene. It is one of several lines developed to study the differentiation potential of neural progenitor cells, particularly focusing on neuron and glial cell lineages. C17.2 cells exhibit key characteristics of neural progenitors and can differentiate into both neuronal and glial cells under appropriate conditions, making them valuable for studies on neural development, neurogenesis, and gliogenesis.\nOne defining feature of C17.2 is its potential to differentiate into distinct neural cell types while maintaining mitotic potential, allowing for extended culture and experimental manipulation. This line expresses markers characteristic of neural stem and progenitor cells and can be induced to express lineage-specific markers depending on the differentiation protocol. The stability and multipotency of C17.2 enable its use in examining factors affecting lineage commitment in neural cells, as well as its application in neural repair and regeneration research.\nResearchers employ C17.2 cells in both in vitro and in vivo contexts to understand mechanisms controlling cell fate within the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, the line’s well-characterized gene integration sites and consistent expression of specific neural markers make it a reliable model for neurodevelopmental studies and for exploring the potential therapeutic roles of neural progenitor cells in neurodegenerative disease models.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101523\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950199927149,"sku":"305354","price":650.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/C17.2_20P3_2020x01_20140225_20unbeschichtet_ch00_1920x1920_5351c43f-da1c-47f3-b8bb-8a18b8c93f21.jpg?v=1769068973"},{"product_id":"c8-d1a-cell-bhc11101231","title":"C8-D1A cell","description":"The C8-D1A cell line is an astrocyte cell line derived from the cerebral cortex of an 8-day-old C57BL\/6 mouse. This cell line is extensively used in neurobiological research due to its robust astrocytic properties, which make it a representative model for studying various aspects of astrocyte function and neuron-glia interactions. The C8-D1A cells express glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a hallmark intermediate filament protein of mature astrocytes, indicating their differentiated state and astrocytic lineage.\n\nResearch utilizing the C8-D1A cell line has contributed significantly to understanding neuroinflammatory responses, glial scar formation, and the role of astrocytes in neurotransmitter regulation and synaptic maintenance. These cells provide a consistent and controlled in vitro environment for dissecting molecular pathways involved in neurodegeneration, CNS injuries, and astrocyte-mediated neuroprotection. Their utility in assays related to drug discovery, particularly for neurological disorders, underscores their importance in therapeutic development processes.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101231\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950200123757,"sku":"300316","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/C8-D1A_20P1_2020x01_20160425_ch00_1920x1920_8f2e8098-79b8-4fd1-87ae-072b45eeefdd.jpg?v=1769068977"},{"product_id":"ctx-tna2-cell-bhc11101506","title":"CTX TNA2 cell","description":"CTX TNA2 is a rat astrocyte cell line that was established from primary cultures of cortical astrocytes. It is often used to study central nervous system (CNS) functions, particularly in relation to glial biology, neurotoxicity, and neuroprotection. Astrocytes play a critical role in maintaining CNS homeostasis, providing structural and metabolic support to neurons, and mediating responses to injury and oxidative stress.\nIn various studies, CTX TNA2 cells have been employed to model neurotoxicity, especially involving excitotoxicity induced by agents such as glutamate. For instance, exposure to glutamate in CTX TNA2 cells triggers apoptosis and autophagy through mechanisms involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway. These pathways are central to the cells' response to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, particularly after traumatic brain injury or other neurodegenerative conditions. Additionally, neuroprotective agents like resveratrol and cannabidiol (CBD) have been shown to reduce ROS generation and inhibit glutamate-induced autophagy and apoptosis in these astrocytes.\nThe CTX TNA2 cell line has proven to be a valuable in vitro model for studying not only basic astrocyte function but also the therapeutic potential of antioxidant and neuroprotective compounds under conditions of CNS injury and disease.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101506\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950202483053,"sku":"305358","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CTX-TNA2_20WaKo_20P1_2010x01_20061224_ch00_1920x1920_fddeef45-31f6-4b31-89d3-647267ee50db.jpg?v=1769069003"},{"product_id":"di-tnc1-cell-bhc11101539","title":"DI TNC1 cell","description":"The DI TNC1 cell line is an immortalized astrocyte model derived from primary type-1 astrocytes taken from the diencephalon of a neonatal rat. The cells were immortalized using the polyomavirus middle T-antigen, granting them the ability to proliferate indefinitely while maintaining several characteristics of primary astrocytes. DI TNC1 cells are widely used in neuroinflammation and neuroprotection studies, particularly for exploring astrocytic energy metabolism, response to oxidative stress, and the regulation of inflammatory pathways. These cells express key astrocytic markers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100β protein, and are involved in metabolic processes, including glycogen storage and energy provision to neurons.\n\nOne of the hallmark features of DI TNC1 astrocytes is their involvement in energy metabolism studies. Research has demonstrated that these cells respond to various neurotransmitters, such as noradrenaline and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), by undergoing glycogenolysis and modulating cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. Additionally, DI TNC1 cells have been shown to utilize glucose and produce lactate, which are crucial for supporting neuronal functions. However, certain responses seen in primary astrocytes, like glutamate-stimulated glycolysis or significant long-term glycogen resynthesis, are not as robust in DI TNC1 cells. This highlights the utility of DI TNC1 cells in dissecting specific aspects of astrocyte physiology that are relevant to energy dynamics in the central nervous system.\n\nAnother significant area of study using DI TNC1 cells involves the investigation of oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling pathways. For example, DI TNC1 cells have been used to analyze the regulation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways. Experiments with botanical polyphenols like quercetin and extracts from plants such as Ashwagandha have shown that these compounds can modulate the NF-κB and Nrf2\/ARE (antioxidant response element) pathways in DI TNC1 astrocytes. Specifically, quercetin has been found to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NF-κB activity and enhance Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defenses, illustrating the potential of these cells for screening anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101539\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950202974573,"sku":"305343","price":550.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/DI_20TNC1_20P1_2010x01_20100924_ch00_1920x1920_2e1e772c-ae95-4cf5-aadf-8b017d952d72.jpg?v=1769069009"},{"product_id":"gh3-cell-bhc11101166","title":"GH3 cell","description":"The GH3 cell line, originating from a rat pituitary tumor, is a critical resource in the study of pituitary functions, particularly regarding the secretion of prolactin and growth hormone. These cells possess characteristics of both somatotropic and lactotropic cells, enabling detailed investigations into pituitary hormones and their regulatory mechanisms. The cell line is extensively utilized to understand the effects of hormonal treatments and genetic modifications on the secretion of these hormones. GH3 cells respond significantly to thyroid-stimulating hormones, making them a valuable model for assays that measure the impact of various compounds on pituitary gland activities.\nResearch employing GH3 cells often delves into how these cells react to different hormonal stimuli. For example, hydrocortisone is known to promote growth hormone production while inhibiting prolactin output in these cells, making GH3 a preferred model for exploring hormonal balance and the endocrine system’s response to stress and other physiological factors. Such studies are pivotal in advancing our understanding of pituitary gland disorders and crafting therapies for conditions like growth deficiencies and hyperprolactinemia.\nMoreover, GH3 cells are instrumental in pharmacological testing and biotechnological applications aimed at developing treatments for pituitary-related disorders. Their ability to produce more growth hormone compared to GH1 cells, along with prolactin, allows researchers to examine the regulation and effects of these hormones under various conditions. This unique profile is essential for understanding the complex interactions within the endocrine system and for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101166\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950204318061,"sku":"300383","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/EB1_20WaKo_20P1_2020x01_20270225_ch00_1920x1920_439a1a1d-784a-4638-8c32-837df393f7bc.jpg?v=1769069027"},{"product_id":"hcmec-d3-cell-bhc11101412","title":"hCMEC\/D3 cell","description":"The HCMEC\/D3 cell line represents an immortalized human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line, extensively utilized in the study of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This cell line was generated through the transduction of primary human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells with a lentiviral vector expressing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), a crucial enzyme for maintaining telomere length and thereby promoting cellular longevity without transforming the cell phenotype. The introduction of hTERT helps these cells to bypass the replicative senescence that limits the lifespan of primary cells, allowing sustained propagation in culture.\n\nHCMEC\/D3 cells retain key physiological and morphological characteristics of primary cerebral endothelial cells, making them a valuable model for in vitro studies of the BBB. These include the expression of tight junction proteins such as claudin-5, occludin, and zonula occludens-1, which are critical for maintaining barrier integrity. The cells also express various transporters and receptors typical of the cerebral endothelium, supporting their use in studies related to drug delivery and neurovascular disorders. The ability of HCMEC\/D3 to form a tight monolayer with high electrical resistance underscores their suitability for BBB permeability assays.\n\nResearch utilizing HCMEC\/D3 cells has covered a wide range of applications, including the investigation of cerebral pathologies such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, and metastasis of cancer to the brain. Their compatibility with various molecular biology techniques also makes them an excellent tool for studying endothelial cell responses to inflammatory stimuli, shear stress, and neurotoxic substances. This cell line provides a robust, reproducible platform for dissecting the molecular events at the cerebral endothelial level, contributing valuable insights into the complexities of neurovascular health and disease.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101412\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950205301101,"sku":"305024","price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/hcmecd3_20_281_29_1920x1920_8307224f-a894-4ffd-b079-99a1097a9f1f.jpg?v=1769069040"},{"product_id":"ht22-cell-bhc11101232","title":"HT22 cell","description":"The HT22 cell line, an immortalized subclone derived from HT4 cells of the mouse hippocampus, is pivotal in neuropharmacological research. Originating through the immortalization of mouse neuronal tissues with a temperature-sensitive SV40 T-antigen, HT22 cells offer a unique in vitro model to investigate the mechanisms underlying glutamate-induced cytotoxicity, which plays a significant role in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's diseases.\nHT22 cells exhibit a neuronal phenotype and are highly sensitive to glutamate, an essential excitatory neurotransmitter involved in critical brain functions like cognition, learning, and memory. However, excessive glutamate intake can lead to glutamate toxicity and overexcitation of nerve cells, causing cell damage or death through mechanisms that involve oxidative stress and apoptosis.\nHT22 mouse hippocampal cells are employed in neurotoxicity studies, such as those examining the effects of isoflurane exposure, for exploring the chromatin landscape and epigenetic signatures, and to examine the effects of serotonergic input on hippocampal neurogenesis. The latter includes the study of serotonin reuptake inhibitors and their role in antidepressant screening, as well as the impact of serotonin transporter (SERT) glycosylation on neuronal function.\nThe HT22 cell line, with its well-characterized response to glutamate and its utility in studying the serotonergic system, continues to be a valuable tool in the advancement of neuropharmacology and the development of treatments for a range of neurological disorders.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101232\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950212018541,"sku":"305158","price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/HT22_20P0_20305158-M_2020x01_20220922_1920x1920_81f6c8bf-8300-4e6c-b0af-0d781bacf505.jpg?v=1769069109"},{"product_id":"mmq-cell-bhc11101191","title":"MMQ cell","description":"The MMQ cell line is a clonal, prolactin-secreting cell line derived from the 7315a rat pituitary tumor. It exclusively secretes prolactin and expresses functional dopamine receptors, specifically of the D2 subtype. Dopamine inhibits prolactin (PRL) release by reducing intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and calcium uptake, as demonstrated in various experiments. This inhibition is reversed by haloperidol and pertussis toxin, confirming the role of GTP-binding proteins in dopamine's action. MMQ cells are also responsive to somatostatin (SRIF) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), but not to TRH, angiotensin II, or neurotensin. MMQ cells proliferate rapidly, doubling in less than 24 hours under optimal conditions. When transplanted into rats, MMQ cells form tumors that increase serum prolactin levels without altering other hormones such as ACTH. This cell line is an important model for studying prolactin regulation, particularly in relation to dopamine and its inhibitory mechanisms on prolactin secretion.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101191\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950216999277,"sku":"300498","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/MMQ_20_282_29_1920x1920_849337a5-694e-407e-996c-a550e1edc8d2.jpg?v=1769069155"},{"product_id":"rsc96-cell-bhc11101278","title":"RSC96 cell","description":"Progeny were cured by a 21-day treatment with BM Cycline. The cells were assayed for mycoplasma, by the Hoechst stain, PCR and the standard culture test, after a six-week period following treatment. All tests were negative.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101278\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950223159661,"sku":"305202","price":550.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/RSC96_20P1_20305202_2020x02_2006032023_1920x1920_fba26e8e-1d6e-4b73-974e-47ef50a14f9f.jpg?v=1769069212"},{"product_id":"bovine-gonadotropin-releasing-hormone-receptor-gnrhr-elisa-kit-bhe12100174","title":"Bovine Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor, GNRHR ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGonadotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor (GNRHR)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in neuroscience research. Receptors mediate cellular responses to ligands and translate extracellular cues into intracellular signaling programs.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P32236\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor (GNRHR) is frequently examined in relation to neuronal signaling and synaptic function, neuroinflammation and glial responses, and neurodegeneration models. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor (GNRHR) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eGonadotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor (GNRHR) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor (GNRHR) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGonadotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor (GNRHR)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eGnRH receptor\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eGNRHR\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eGnRH-R\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952445813101,"sku":"E0163Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0163Bo.jpg?v=1769145922"},{"product_id":"bovine-apelin-ap-elisa-kit-bhe12100179","title":"Bovine Apelin, AP ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApelin (APLN)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in neuroscience research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: Q9TUI9\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Apelin (APLN) is frequently examined in relation to neuronal signaling and synaptic function, neuroinflammation and glial responses, and neurodegeneration models. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Apelin (APLN) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eApelin (APLN) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Apelin (APLN) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApelin (APLN)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eApelin\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eApelin-13\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eApelin-28\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952445845869,"sku":"E0168Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0168Bo.jpg?v=1769145923"},{"product_id":"bovine-acetylcholinesterase-ache-elisa-kit-bhe12100193","title":"Bovine Acetylcholinesterase, ACHE ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcetylcholinesterase (ACHE)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in neuroscience and cardiovascular research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P23795\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) is frequently examined in relation to neuronal signaling and synaptic function, neuroinflammation and glial responses, and neurodegeneration models. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcetylcholinesterase (ACHE) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcetylcholinesterase (ACHE)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eAcetylcholinesterase\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eAChE\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952445911405,"sku":"E0183Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0183Bo.jpg?v=1769145923"},{"product_id":"bovine-selenium-binding-protein-1-selenbp1-elisa-kit-bhe12100203","title":"Bovine Selenium-binding Protein 1, SELENBP1 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelenium-binding Protein 1 (SELENBP1)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in neuroscience research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: Q2KJ32\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Selenium-binding Protein 1 (SELENBP1) is frequently examined in relation to neuronal signaling and synaptic function, neuroinflammation and glial responses, and neurodegeneration models. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Selenium-binding Protein 1 (SELENBP1) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eSelenium-binding Protein 1 (SELENBP1) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Selenium-binding Protein 1 (SELENBP1) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelenium-binding Protein 1 (SELENBP1)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003e56 kDa selenium-binding protein\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eMethanethiol oxidase\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eMTO\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952445944173,"sku":"E0193Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0193Bo.jpg?v=1769145923"},{"product_id":"bovine-brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor-bdnf-elisa-kit-bhe12100484","title":"Bovine Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor, BDNF ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBrain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in neuroscience, cardiovascular, and metabolism research. Growth factors regulate proliferation, survival, differentiation, and tissue remodeling through receptor-mediated signaling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: Q95106\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is frequently examined in relation to neuronal signaling and synaptic function, neuroinflammation and glial responses, and neurodegeneration models. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eBrain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBrain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eBDNF\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eBDNF precursor form\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eBrain-derived neurotrophic factor\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952448074093,"sku":"E2190Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E2190Bo.jpg?v=1769145941"},{"product_id":"bovine-major-prion-protein-prnp-elisa-kit-bhe12100524","title":"Bovine Major Prion Protein, PRNP ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMajor Prion Protein (PRNP)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in neuroscience research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P10279\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Major Prion Protein (PRNP) is frequently examined in relation to neuronal signaling and synaptic function, neuroinflammation and glial responses, and neurodegeneration models. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Major Prion Protein (PRNP) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMajor Prion Protein (PRNP) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Major Prion Protein (PRNP) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMajor Prion Protein (PRNP)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eCD antigen CD230\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eMajor prion protein\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eMajor scrapie-associated fibril protein 1\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952448991597,"sku":"E2230Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E2230Bo.jpg?v=1769145950"},{"product_id":"bovine-reelin-reln-elisa-kit-bhe12100542","title":"Bovine Reelin, RELN ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReelin (RELN)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in neuroscience research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: Q9N117\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Reelin (RELN) is frequently examined in relation to neuronal signaling and synaptic function, neuroinflammation and glial responses, and neurodegeneration models. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Reelin (RELN) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eReelin (RELN) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Reelin (RELN) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReelin (RELN)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eReeler protein\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eReelin\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eRELN\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952449286509,"sku":"E2248Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E2248Bo.jpg?v=1769145954"},{"product_id":"bovine-retinol-binding-protein-3-rbp3-elisa-kit-bhe12100543","title":"Bovine Retinol-binding Protein 3, RBP3 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRetinol-binding Protein 3 (RBP3)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in neuroscience research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P12661\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Retinol-binding Protein 3 (RBP3) is frequently examined in relation to neuronal signaling and synaptic function, neuroinflammation and glial responses, and neurodegeneration models. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Retinol-binding Protein 3 (RBP3) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eRetinol-binding Protein 3 (RBP3) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Retinol-binding Protein 3 (RBP3) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRetinol-binding Protein 3 (RBP3)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eInterphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eInterstitial retinol-binding protein\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eIRBP\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952449319277,"sku":"E2249Bo-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E2249Bo.jpg?v=1769145955"},{"product_id":"canine-interleukin-6-il-6-elisa-kit-bhe12100559","title":"Canine Interleukin 6, IL-6 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInterleukin 6 (IL6)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in immunology, neuroscience, and microbiology research. Cytokines act as soluble messengers that shape immune-cell behavior, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P41323\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Interleukin 6 (IL6) is frequently examined in relation to innate and adaptive immune responses, cytokine signaling networks, and immune cell activation and trafficking. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Interleukin 6 (IL6) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterleukin 6 (IL6) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Interleukin 6 (IL6) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInterleukin 6 (IL6)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eIL 6\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eIL6\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eIL-6\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952449679725,"sku":"E0004Ca-96T","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0004Ca.jpg?v=1769145958"},{"product_id":"canine-leptin-lep-elisa-kit-bhe12100625","title":"Canine Leptin, LEP ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLEPTIN\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in signal transduction, neuroscience, and metabolism research. Hormones and peptide mediators support systemic communication across organs and physiological states.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: O02720\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, LEPTIN is frequently examined in relation to neuronal signaling and synaptic function, neuroinflammation and glial responses, and neurodegeneration models. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of LEPTIN can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eLEPTIN has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of LEPTIN can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLEPTIN\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eLEP\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eLEPD\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eLEPTIN\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952450236781,"sku":"E0082Ca-96T","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0082Ca.jpg?v=1769145963"},{"product_id":"canine-dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-dbh-elisa-kit-bhe12100797","title":"Canine Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, DBH ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in neuroscience and cancer research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: Q68CI2\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) is frequently examined in relation to neuronal signaling and synaptic function, neuroinflammation and glial responses, and neurodegeneration models. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eDopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eDBH\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003edbm\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eDopamine beta-hydroxylase\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952450761069,"sku":"E0286Ca-96T","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0286Ca.jpg?v=1769145967"},{"product_id":"canine-vasoactive-intestinal-peptide-vip-elisa-kit-bhe12100801","title":"Canine Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, VIP ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in neuroscience research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P63289\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is frequently examined in relation to neuronal signaling and synaptic function, neuroinflammation and glial responses, and neurodegeneration models. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eVasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eVasoactive intestinal Peptide\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eVasoactive intestinal polypeptide\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eVIP\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952450793837,"sku":"E0290Ca-96T","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0290Ca.jpg?v=1769145967"},{"product_id":"canine-galectin-3-lgals3-elisa-kit-bhe12100851","title":"Canine Galectin-3, LGALS3 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGalectin-3 (LGALS3)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in neuroscience and cell biology research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P38486\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Galectin-3 (LGALS3) is frequently examined in relation to neuronal signaling and synaptic function, neuroinflammation and glial responses, and neurodegeneration models. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Galectin-3 (LGALS3) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eGalectin-3 (LGALS3) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Galectin-3 (LGALS3) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGalectin-3 (LGALS3)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003e35 kDa lectin\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eCarbohydrate-binding protein 35\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eCBP 35\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952451285357,"sku":"E0343Ca-96T","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0343Ca.jpg?v=1769145971"},{"product_id":"canine-superoxide-dismutase-mn-sod2-elisa-kit-bhe12100882","title":"Canine Superoxide Dismutase (Mn), SOD2 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSuperoxide Dismutase (Mn) (SOD2)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in cell biology, signal transduction, and neuroscience research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P54712\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Superoxide Dismutase (Mn) (SOD2) is frequently examined in relation to signal transduction pathways, cell cycle and stress-response programs, and organelle and membrane dynamics. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Superoxide Dismutase (Mn) (SOD2) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eSuperoxide Dismutase (Mn) (SOD2) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Superoxide Dismutase (Mn) (SOD2) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSuperoxide Dismutase (Mn) (SOD2)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eFragment\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eSOD2\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eSuperoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952452006253,"sku":"E0374Ca-96T","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0374Ca.jpg?v=1769145977"},{"product_id":"canine-aldehyde-dehydrogenase-aldh3a1-elisa-kit-bhe12100895","title":"Canine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, ALDH3A1 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH3A1)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in signal transduction, neuroscience, and cell biology research. Enzymes influence signaling and metabolism through catalytic activity that can vary across tissues and physiological states.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: A3RF36\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH3A1) is frequently examined in relation to neuronal signaling and synaptic function, neuroinflammation and glial responses, and neurodegeneration models. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH3A1) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH3A1) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH3A1) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH3A1)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eAldehyde dehydrogenase 3\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eAldehyde dehydrogenase family 3 member A1\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eAldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952452104557,"sku":"E0387Ca-96T","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0387Ca.jpg?v=1769145978"},{"product_id":"chicken-interleukin-6-il-6-elisa-kit-bhe12100961","title":"Chicken Interleukin 6, IL-6 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInterleukin 6 (IL6)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in immunology, neuroscience, and microbiology research. Cytokines act as soluble messengers that shape immune-cell behavior, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: Q90YI0\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Interleukin 6 (IL6) is frequently examined in relation to innate and adaptive immune responses, cytokine signaling networks, and immune cell activation and trafficking. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Interleukin 6 (IL6) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterleukin 6 (IL6) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Interleukin 6 (IL6) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInterleukin 6 (IL6)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eChIL-6\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eIL 6\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eIL6\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952452333933,"sku":"E0004Ch-96T","price":498.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0004Ch.jpg?v=1769145980"},{"product_id":"chicken-leptin-lep-elisa-kit-bhe12100974","title":"Chicken Leptin, LEP ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLEP\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in signal transduction, neuroscience, and metabolism research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: O42164\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, LEP is frequently examined in relation to neuronal signaling and synaptic function, neuroinflammation and glial responses, and neurodegeneration models. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of LEP can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eLEP has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of LEP can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLEP\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eLEP\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eLEPD\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eLEPTIN\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952452399469,"sku":"E0026Ch-96T","price":498.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0026Ch.jpg?v=1769145981"},{"product_id":"chicken-acetylcholinesterase-ache-elisa-kit-bhe12101034","title":"Chicken Acetylcholinesterase, ACHE ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcetylcholinesterase (AChE)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in neuroscience and cardiovascular research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P36196\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is frequently examined in relation to neuronal signaling and synaptic function, neuroinflammation and glial responses, and neurodegeneration models. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcetylcholinesterase (AChE)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eAcetylcholinesterase\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eAChE\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952452596077,"sku":"E0094Ch-96T","price":498.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0094Ch.jpg?v=1769145982"},{"product_id":"goat-interleukin-6-il-6-elisa-kit-bhe12101353","title":"Goat Interleukin 6, IL-6 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInterleukin 6 (IL6)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in immunology, neuroscience, and microbiology research. Cytokines act as soluble messengers that shape immune-cell behavior, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: Q28319\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Interleukin 6 (IL6) is frequently examined in relation to innate and adaptive immune responses, cytokine signaling networks, and immune cell activation and trafficking. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Interleukin 6 (IL6) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterleukin 6 (IL6) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Interleukin 6 (IL6) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInterleukin 6 (IL6)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eIL 6\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eIL6\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eIL-6\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952453218669,"sku":"E0028GO-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0028GO.jpg?v=1769145987"},{"product_id":"goat-leptin-lep-elisa-kit-bhe12101381","title":"Goat Leptin, LEP ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLEP\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in signal transduction, neuroscience, and metabolism research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: Q257X2\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, LEP is frequently examined in relation to neuronal signaling and synaptic function, neuroinflammation and glial responses, and neurodegeneration models. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of LEP can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eLEP has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of LEP can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLEP\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003ehormone\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eLEP\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eLEPD\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952453546349,"sku":"E0062GO-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0062GO.jpg?v=1769145988"},{"product_id":"horse-brain-derived-neurotrophic-facor-bdnf-elisa-kit-bhe12101708","title":"Horse Brain Derived Neurotrophic Facor, BDNF ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHorse Brain Derived Neurotrophic Facor (BDNF)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in neuroscience, cardiovascular, and metabolism research. Growth factors regulate proliferation, survival, differentiation, and tissue remodeling through receptor-mediated signaling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: Q0EAB7\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Horse Brain Derived Neurotrophic Facor (BDNF) is frequently examined in relation to neuronal signaling and synaptic function, neuroinflammation and glial responses, and neurodegeneration models. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Horse Brain Derived Neurotrophic Facor (BDNF) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eHorse Brain Derived Neurotrophic Facor (BDNF) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Horse Brain Derived Neurotrophic Facor (BDNF) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHorse Brain Derived Neurotrophic Facor (BDNF)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eAbrineurin\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eANON2\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eBDNF\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952453874029,"sku":"E0091HO-96T","price":498.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0091HO.jpg?v=1769145991"},{"product_id":"horse-angiogenin-ang-elisa-kit-bhe12101720","title":"Horse Angiogenin, ANG ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHorse Angiogenin (ANG)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in signal transduction, epigenetics and nuclear signaling, and neuroscience research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: Q5VI84\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Horse Angiogenin (ANG) is frequently examined in relation to neuronal signaling and synaptic function, neuroinflammation and glial responses, and neurodegeneration models. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Horse Angiogenin (ANG) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eHorse Angiogenin (ANG) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Horse Angiogenin (ANG) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHorse Angiogenin (ANG)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eANG\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eAngiogenin\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eRibonuclease 5\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952453906797,"sku":"E0112HO-96T","price":498.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0112HO.jpg?v=1769145991"},{"product_id":"human-fibroblast-growth-factor-2-fgf2-elisa-kit-bhe12101790","title":"Human Fibroblast Growth Factor 2, FGF2 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in cardiovascular, signal transduction, and neuroscience research. Growth factors regulate proliferation, survival, differentiation, and tissue remodeling through receptor-mediated signaling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P09038\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) is frequently examined in relation to vascular biology and endothelial function, cardiac remodeling and injury responses, and hemostasis and thrombosis. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eBasic fibroblast growth factor\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003ebFGF\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eFGF 2\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952455217517,"sku":"E0055Hu-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0055Hu.jpg?v=1769146001"},{"product_id":"human-interleukin-6-il-6-elisa-kit-bhe12101825","title":"Human Interleukin 6, IL-6 ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInterleukin 6 (IL6)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in immunology, neuroscience, and microbiology research. Cytokines act as soluble messengers that shape immune-cell behavior, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P05231\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Interleukin 6 (IL6) is frequently examined in relation to innate and adaptive immune responses, cytokine signaling networks, and immune cell activation and trafficking. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Interleukin 6 (IL6) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterleukin 6 (IL6) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Interleukin 6 (IL6) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInterleukin 6 (IL6)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eB-cell stimulatory factor 2\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eBSF-2\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eCDF\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952455807341,"sku":"E0090Hu-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0090Hu.jpg?v=1769146008"},{"product_id":"human-glial-cell-line-derived-neurotrophic-factor-gdnf-elisa-kit-bhe12101857","title":"Human Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor, GDNF ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGlial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in neuroscience research. This molecule is commonly investigated as part of broader signaling, regulatory, or homeostatic networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P39905\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) is frequently examined in relation to neuronal signaling and synaptic function, neuroinflammation and glial responses, and neurodegeneration models. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eGlial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Glial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGlial Cell Line-derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eAstrocyte-derived trophic factor\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eATF\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eGDNF\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952456397165,"sku":"E0122Hu-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0122Hu.jpg?v=1769146014"},{"product_id":"human-vascular-endothelial-cell-growth-factor-b-vegf-b-elisa-kit-bhe12101868","title":"Human Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor B, VEGF-B ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor B (VEGFB)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in cardiovascular, signal transduction, and neuroscience research. Growth factors regulate proliferation, survival, differentiation, and tissue remodeling through receptor-mediated signaling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniProt\u003c\/strong\u003e: P49765\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and pathway context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the literature, Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor B (VEGFB) is frequently examined in relation to vascular biology and endothelial function, cardiac remodeling and injury responses, and hemostasis and thrombosis. Depending on the model system, changes in abundance can be associated with shifts in signaling state, cellular composition, or tissue physiology.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and regulation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression of Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor B (VEGFB) can vary across tissues and cell types and may change under conditions such as immune activation, stress responses, injury, infection, or metabolic perturbation. Reported regulation may involve transcriptional control as well as post-translational processes that influence stability, localization, processing, or secretion.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch and disease relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eVascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor B (VEGFB) has been reported as a useful readout in studies of physiological regulation and disease-associated processes. These observations make it relevant for hypothesis-driven research and biomarker exploration, while interpretation should remain grounded in the specific species, sample matrix, and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eInterpreting concentration measurements\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasured levels of Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor B (VEGFB) can reflect multiple biological factors, including production rate, turnover, compartmental distribution, and sample composition. As a result, conclusions are often supported by considering broader pathway context and complementary readouts rather than relying on a single analyte alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor B (VEGFB)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referred to as \u003cstrong\u003eVascular endothelial growth factor B\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eVEGF B\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003eVEGFB\u003c\/strong\u003e in publications and databases. Nomenclature differences and species context can influence how results are compared across studies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioassay Technology Laboratory","offers":[{"title":"96T","offer_id":52952456626541,"sku":"E0133Hu-96T","price":458.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/E0133Hu.jpg?v=1769146017"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/collections\/neuroscience.oembed","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}