{"title":"ADME \u0026 Drug Metabolism","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"ido1-activity-assay-kit-for-inhibitor-screening-bht20700034","title":"IDO1 Activity Assay Kit for Inhibitor Screening","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"bhc-assay-section\"\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eBackground\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTryptophan is an essential amino acid that is involved in protein synthesis and regulation of the local \nimmune response by T lymphocytes. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) catalyzes oxidation of \ntryptophan to N-formylkynurenine (NFK), the initial and rate limiting step in the pathway of catabolism \nof tryptophan. Over expression of IDO1 in variety of cancers results in the depletion of Tryptophan and \nthe accumulation of kynurenine, that have been proposed as mechanisms that contribute to the \nsuppression of the immune response.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"bhc-assay-section\"\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eAssay Principle\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIDO1 Activity Assay Kit is designed to measure the activity of IDO1 enzyme and can be used for \nscreening IDO1 inhibitors. The activity assay is carried out on a 96-well plate. After incubation of the \nenzyme, substrate and inhibitors, absorbance of the product NFK is measure at 321nm, and IDO1 \nactivity is calculated based on the absorbance value. The kit contains enough solutions for 100 \nreactions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"bhc-assay-section\"\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eApplication\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh throughput screening of IDO1 inhibitors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"bhc-assay-section\"\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eInstrument Required\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpectrophotometer capable of measuring absorbance at 321 nm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"bhc-assay-section\"\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eKit Components\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"bhc-spec-table\" style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:0.85em\"\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr style=\"background:#1a5c58;color:#fff\"\u003e\n\u003cth style=\"padding:4px 8px;text-align:left\"\u003eCatalog No.\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth style=\"padding:4px 8px;text-align:left\"\u003eItem\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth style=\"padding:4px 8px\"\u003eAmount\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth style=\"padding:4px 8px\"\u003eStorage\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:4px 8px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:4px 8px\"\u003eCatalog number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:4px 8px;text-align:center\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"padding:4px 8px;text-align:center\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"bhc-assay-section\"\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMaterials Not Supplied\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMicroplate reader\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e0.5 M DTT\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdjustable micro-pipettor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSterile Tips\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"bhc-assay-section\"\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eAssay Protocol\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003col style=\"padding-left:1.2em\"\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:6px\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStep 1.\u003c\/strong\u003e Prepare the inhibitor compound solution If the inhibitor compound is dissolved in water, make a solution of the compound 10-fold higher than the final concentration in 1X assay buffer (since you will add 2 µl to the 20 µl reaction). If the inhibitor compound is dissolved in DMSO, make a 100-fold higher concentration of the compound than the highest concentration you want to test in DMSO. Then make a 10-fold dilution in 1X assay buffer (at this step, the compound concentration is 10-fold higher than the final concentration and the DMSO concentration is 10%). To determine an IC50 or to test lower concentrations of the compound, prepare a series of further dilutions in 1X assay buffer containing 10% DMSO (the final concentration of the DMSO will be 1% in all samples).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:6px\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStep 2.\u003c\/strong\u003e Prepare IDO1 protein solution Thaw IDO1 protein on ice. Upon first thaw, briefly spin tube to recover the full contents at the bottom of the tube. Make aliquots of the enzyme for single use. Store remaining undiluted enzyme at -80°C. Note: IDO1 protein is sensitive to freeze\/thaw cycles. Limit the number freeze-thaw cycles for best results. Do not re-use the diluted protein. Dilute the IDO1 protein 50-fold (for example: 10 µL IDO1 + 490 µL 1X DTT-containing assay buffer). Add 80 µl of diluted protein solution to each of positive control well and inhibitor test wells. Add 80 µl of 1X DTT containing buffer to each of the negative control wells.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:6px\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStep 3.\u003c\/strong\u003e Add inhibitor solution Add 20 µl of diluted inhibitor solution to each inhibitor test wells. Add 20 µl of 1X DTT-containing assay buffer to each positive and negative control wells.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:6px\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStep 4.\u003c\/strong\u003e Prepare Substrate solution Dilute Tryptophan solution 50-fold (for example: 10 µL Tryptophan + 490 µL 1X DTT-containing assay buffer). Add 100 µl of diluted substrate solution to each well.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:6px\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStep 5.\u003c\/strong\u003e Incubate the reaction at 30°C for 2 hours.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"margin-bottom:6px\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStep 6.\u003c\/strong\u003e Measure absorbance\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"bhc-assay-section\"\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eData Analysis\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background:#f8fbfb;border-left:3px solid #1a5c58;padding:10px 14px;margin:8px 0;border-radius:4px\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eStep 2 — Calculate % Activity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccode style=\"font-size:0.9em\"\u003e% Activity = (S − N) \/ (P − N) × 100\u003c\/code\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003csmall\u003eS = sample signal  |  P = positive control (100%)  |  N = negative control (0%)\u003c\/small\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCalculate percentage activity \n\nIn the absence of the compound (positive control), the sample signal (P) is defined as 100% activity. In the absence of enzyme (negative control), the sample signal (N) is defined as 0% activity. The \npercent activity in the presence of each compound is calculated according to the following \nequation: % activity = (S-N)\/(P-N) X100, where S= the sample signal in the presence of the \ncompound.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"bhc-assay-section\"\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eAssay Validation\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"background:#f0f7f6;border:1px solid #c8dada;border-radius:6px;padding:12px 16px;margin:8px 0\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAssay Validation Data\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003cem\u003eValidated IC\u003csub\u003e50\u003c\/sub\u003e:\u003c\/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e62 nM\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003cem\u003eReference Compound:\u003c\/em\u003e INCB 024360\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"bhc-assay-section\"\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eBiological Pathway \/ Process\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTryptophan Catabolism; Immune Suppression Pathway\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"bhc-assay-section\"\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eTherapeutic \/ Disease Area\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOncology \/ Immunotherapy\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Aurora Biolabs","offers":[{"title":"96 reactions","offer_id":53238302245229,"sku":"910010","price":799.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}]},{"product_id":"quantichrom-fatty-acid-uptake-assay-kit-bht15600038","title":"QuantiChrom™ Fatty Acid Uptake Assay Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor quantitative determination of long-chain fatty acid uptake in whole cells and evaluation of effects of ligands or drugs on fatty acid transport. The assay uses FL 488\/523nm for signal readout. Compatible sample input includes Adipocytes and other fatty acid-transporting cells. Or compounds that affect fatty acid uptake activity. Typical stated assay timing is 2 hrs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReadout format:\u003c\/strong\u003e FL 488\/523nm supports plate-based signal acquisition and consistent comparison across matched samples.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSample compatibility:\u003c\/strong\u003e The stated sample scope includes Adipocytes and other fatty acid-transporting cells. Or compounds that affect fatty acid uptake activity, which is useful when aligning matrix type with calibration and control design.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWorkflow timing:\u003c\/strong\u003e The listed assay time of 2 hrs helps frame batch planning, replicate handling, and plate throughput.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFeature emphasis:\u003c\/strong\u003e Safe. Non-radioactive assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdditional feature notes highlight Fast and Sensitive. Homogenous “add-and-read” assay. No wash, lysis, or staining steps are needed; Simple and Convenient. Can be automated as a high-throughput assay for fatty acid transport and modulator screens in cells. Available format information for this listing includes 100 Tests.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis product is centered on measurement of fatty acid uptake within the matrices described for the assay. In practice, datasets from this type of format are typically interpreted by comparing relative signal, activity, or abundance across matched control and experimental groups rather than relying on a single value in isolation. Careful alignment of sample matrix, incubation window, and calibration strategy is important when comparing results across plates, operators, or study days.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eMore details\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eLONG CHAIN FATTY ACIDS \u003c\/i\u003e(LCFA) are important fuel sources for animals as substrates in β-oxidation and serve as building blocks for many different cellular structures. Long-chain unesterified fatty acids (LCFA) are transported into cells using membrane transport proteins, and increased LCFA levels in cells are common in diabetes, obesity-related diseases, cardiovascular disease, and certain forms of cancer. Therefore, fatty acid uptake is a significant therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic disorders and an important topic for metabolic research.BioAssay Systems’ fluorescent cell-based fatty acid uptake assay uses a fluorescent fatty acid analog which is taken up by fatty acid transporter proteins and accumulates within the cell. Quench reagent is added to block extracellular fluorescent signals in the medium. The adherent cells import the fatty acid analog, and the bottom-read fluorimeter measures the increase in fluorescence signal at λex\/em = 488\/523nm. This high-throughput assay can be applied to assess fatty acid uptake activity in cells and to screen for activators and inhibitors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eDetection method\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFluorescent (FL 488\/523 nm).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eProcedures and timing\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStated procedure or timing information: 2 hrs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePlate-based quantification and side-by-side group comparison remain central use cases for this assay format.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eThe product notes emphasize multi-sample throughput, making it relevant for screening-oriented and larger batch comparison studies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eThe description supports intervention-focused study designs in which researchers compare baseline and perturbed conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify fatty acid uptake in adipocytes and other fatty acid-transporting by FL 488\/523 nm readout.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare treatment or phenotype groups using matched adipocytes and other fatty acid-transporting handling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMonitor time-course or pre\/post changes in adipocytes and other fatty acid-transporting across study conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation is usually strongest when signal changes are assessed alongside matrix-matched controls, replicate agreement, and the assay's stated analytical window.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMatrix composition, background signal, and sample handling can influence apparent response; compare like-with-like whenever possible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks, controls, and replicate wells to distinguish biological differences from plate, reagent, or handling variability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- Product Description column\n- Key Features column\n- More Details column\n- Method \/ Sample Type(s) \/ Assay Time \/ Detection Limit \/ Detection Method columns\n- Procedures column\n- Screening Services column\n--\u003e","brand":"BioAssay Systems","offers":[{"title":"100 Tests","offer_id":53238313353581,"sku":"DFFU-100","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/DFFUfig.jpg?v=1776668352"},{"product_id":"quantifluo-cholesterol-uptake-assay-kit-bht15600035","title":"QuantiFluo™ Cholesterol Uptake Assay Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor quantitatve determination of cholesterol uptake in cells and screening of modulators on cholesterol uptake. The assay uses FL485\/535nm for signal readout. Compatible sample input includes Adherent cells. Typical stated assay timing is Assay takes 24-72 hrs, hand-on time 1 hr..\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReadout format:\u003c\/strong\u003e FL485\/535nm supports plate-based signal acquisition and consistent comparison across matched samples.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSample compatibility:\u003c\/strong\u003e The stated sample scope includes Adherent cells, which is useful when aligning matrix type with calibration and control design.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWorkflow timing:\u003c\/strong\u003e The listed assay time of Assay takes 24-72 hrs, hand-on time 1 hr. helps frame batch planning, replicate handling, and plate throughput.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFeature emphasis:\u003c\/strong\u003e Convenient. Treat cells directly in 96-well fluorescent plate.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdditional feature notes highlight Safe. Non-radioactive assay; High-throughput. Can be readily automated as a high-throughput 96-well plate assay for thousands of samples per day. Available format information for this listing includes 100 Tests.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis product is centered on measurement of cholesterol uptake within the matrices described for the assay. In practice, datasets from this type of format are typically interpreted by comparing relative signal, activity, or abundance across matched control and experimental groups rather than relying on a single value in isolation. Careful alignment of sample matrix, incubation window, and calibration strategy is important when comparing results across plates, operators, or study days.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eMore details\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCHOLESTEROLis a sterol and lipid present in cell membranes, and is transported in the bloodstream of all animals. It is used to form cell membranes and hormones, and plays important roles in cell signaling processes. Cellular regulation of cholesterol levels is a complex system in which irregularities have been tied to obesity and heart disease. Increased cholesterol uptake has also been linked to highly proliferative cancer cells. Through monitoring cellular cholesterol uptake, one can explore these growing health problems and screen for possible drug treatments. BioAssay Systems cholesterol uptake assay kit is based on cellular uptake of a fluorescently tagged cholesterol probe. The fluorescence intensity measured at λex\/em = 485\/535 nm is proportional to the amount of cholesterol uptaken by the cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eDetection method\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFluorescent (FL 485\/535 nm).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eProcedures and timing\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStated procedure or timing information: Assay takes 24-72 hrs, hand-on time 1 hr.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePlate-based quantification and side-by-side group comparison remain central use cases for this assay format.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eThe product notes emphasize multi-sample throughput, making it relevant for screening-oriented and larger batch comparison studies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eThe description supports intervention-focused study designs in which researchers compare baseline and perturbed conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify cholesterol uptake in adherent cells by FL485\/535 nm readout.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare treatment or phenotype groups using matched adherent cells handling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMonitor time-course or pre\/post changes in adherent cells across study conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation is usually strongest when signal changes are assessed alongside matrix-matched controls, replicate agreement, and the assay's stated analytical window.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMatrix composition, background signal, and sample handling can influence apparent response; compare like-with-like whenever possible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks, controls, and replicate wells to distinguish biological differences from plate, reagent, or handling variability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- Product Description column\n- Key Features column\n- More Details column\n- Method \/ Sample Type(s) \/ Assay Time \/ Detection Limit \/ Detection Method columns\n- Procedures column\n- Screening Services column\n--\u003e","brand":"BioAssay Systems","offers":[{"title":"100 Tests","offer_id":53238314074477,"sku":"DCUT-100","price":359.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/DCUTfig.jpg?v=1776668352"},{"product_id":"enzyfluo-glucose-uptake-assay-kit-bht15600151","title":"EnzyFluo™ Glucose Uptake Assay Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor quantitative determination of glucose uptake in whole cells and evaluation of effects of ligands or drugs on glucose transport. The assay uses FL530\/585nm for signal readout. Compatible sample input includes Cell culture. Typical stated assay timing is Approximately 2 hrs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReadout format:\u003c\/strong\u003e FL530\/585nm supports plate-based signal acquisition and consistent comparison across matched samples.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSample compatibility:\u003c\/strong\u003e The stated sample scope includes Cell culture, which is useful when aligning matrix type with calibration and control design.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAnalytical range context:\u003c\/strong\u003e The supplied specifications include a stated detection limit of 0.1 µM for interpreting low-signal samples.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFeature emphasis:\u003c\/strong\u003e Safe. No radioactive material is used.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdditional feature notes highlight Sensitive and Accurate. The detection limit of 0.1 µM and linearity up to 5 µM 2-DG6P; Simple and Convenient. Can be automated as a medium throughput assay for glucose transport in cells. Available format information for this listing includes 100 Tests.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis product is centered on measurement of enzyfluo glucose uptake within the matrices described for the assay. In practice, datasets from this type of format are typically interpreted by comparing relative signal, activity, or abundance across matched control and experimental groups rather than relying on a single value in isolation. Careful alignment of sample matrix, incubation window, and calibration strategy is important when comparing results across plates, operators, or study days.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eMore details\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGlucose Uptake has a variety of methods and transporters and depends upon the metabolic demand of the cell type and the availability of glucose. There are over ten different facilitated diffusion glucose transporters that transport glucose down its concentration gradient without ATP hydrolysis. In the kidneys, secondary active transport is used to uptake Glucose against its concentration gradient to ensure that very little glucose is excreted in the urine.BioAssay Systems fluorescent cell-based glucose uptake assay uses 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), a widely used glucose analog because it can be taken up by glucose transporters and metabolized by endogenous hexokinase into 2-deoxyglucose 6-phosphate (2-DG6P). 2-DG6P accumulates intracellularly because it is not a suitable substrate for phosphoglucose isomerase, the next step in glycolysis. The cells are lysed, and excess NADP and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) are added to metabolize 2-DG6P and generate a molar equivalent amount of NADPH. The NADPH is then measured using a G6PDH recycling reaction to amplify the signal and generate a fluorescent signal measurable at λex\/em = 530\/585 nm proportional to the concentration of 2-DG6\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eDetection method\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFluorescent (FL 530\/585 nm).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eDetection limit and analytical sensitivity\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReported detection limit: 0.1 µM.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eProcedures and timing\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStated procedure or timing information: Approximately 2 hrs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePlate-based quantification and side-by-side group comparison remain central use cases for this assay format.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eThe description supports intervention-focused study designs in which researchers compare baseline and perturbed conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eShort assay timing and plate compatibility support time-course or repeated-measure collection plans when handling is kept consistent.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify enzyfluo glucose uptake in cell culture by FL530\/585 nm readout.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare treatment or phenotype groups using matched cell culture handling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMonitor time-course or pre\/post changes in cell culture across study conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation is usually strongest when signal changes are assessed alongside matrix-matched controls, replicate agreement, and the assay's stated analytical window.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMatrix composition, background signal, and sample handling can influence apparent response; compare like-with-like whenever possible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks, controls, and replicate wells to distinguish biological differences from plate, reagent, or handling variability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- Product Description column\n- Key Features column\n- More Details column\n- Method \/ Sample Type(s) \/ Assay Time \/ Detection Limit \/ Detection Method columns\n- Procedures column\n- Screening Services column\n--\u003e","brand":"BioAssay Systems","offers":[{"title":"100 Tests","offer_id":53238317482349,"sku":"EFGU-100","price":709.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/EFGUfig.jpg?v=1776668356"},{"product_id":"parallel-artificial-membrane-permeability-assay-pampa-kit-bht15600226","title":"Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA) Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor quantitative determination of gastrointestinal (GI) membrane permeability of test compounds. The assay uses PAMPA for signal readout. Compatible sample input includes Chemical compounds. Typical stated assay timing is Assay takes 20 hr, hands-on time 1 hr.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReadout format:\u003c\/strong\u003e PAMPA supports plate-based signal acquisition and consistent comparison across matched samples.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSample compatibility:\u003c\/strong\u003e The stated sample scope includes Chemical compounds, which is useful when aligning matrix type with calibration and control design.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWorkflow timing:\u003c\/strong\u003e The listed assay time of Assay takes 20 hr, hands-on time 1 hr helps frame batch planning, replicate handling, and plate throughput.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFeature emphasis:\u003c\/strong\u003e Convenient. Includes all necessary equipment to run a PAMPA plate.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdditional feature notes highlight Simple and low-cost. Procedure is easy to follow and more affordable than cell-based permeability assays; High-throughput. Can be readily automated as a high-throughput 96-well plate assay for thousands of samples per day. Available format information for this listing includes 96 Tests.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis product is centered on measurement of parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (pampa) within the matrices described for the assay. In practice, datasets from this type of format are typically interpreted by comparing relative signal, activity, or abundance across matched control and experimental groups rather than relying on a single value in isolation. Careful alignment of sample matrix, incubation window, and calibration strategy is important when comparing results across plates, operators, or study days.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eMore details\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMEMBRANE PERMEABILITY is an important characteristic to determine for evaluating compounds as potential drug candidates. Drugs often need to cross cell membranes in order to reach their target of action and this makes a compound’s ability to passively cross these membranes an important characteristic to evaluate. Permeability can be evaluated by cell-based methods; however, these methods are often expensive and time consuming. Parallel Artificial Permeability Assays (PAMPA) offer researchers a quick, inexpensive method of evaluating the gastrointestinal (GI) permeability of test compounds. BioAssay Systems’ PAMPA Kit provides all the necessary components to run a Parallel Artificial Permeability Assay.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eDetection method\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePAMPA.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eProcedures and timing\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStated procedure or timing information: Assay takes 20 hr, hands-on time 1 hr.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePlate-based quantification and side-by-side group comparison remain central use cases for this assay format.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eThe product notes emphasize multi-sample throughput, making it relevant for screening-oriented and larger batch comparison studies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eShort assay timing and plate compatibility support time-course or repeated-measure collection plans when handling is kept consistent.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (pampa) in chemical compounds by PAMPA readout.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare treatment or phenotype groups using matched chemical compounds handling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMonitor time-course or pre\/post changes in chemical compounds across study conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation is usually strongest when signal changes are assessed alongside matrix-matched controls, replicate agreement, and the assay's stated analytical window.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMatrix composition, background signal, and sample handling can influence apparent response; compare like-with-like whenever possible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks, controls, and replicate wells to distinguish biological differences from plate, reagent, or handling variability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- Product Description column\n- Key Features column\n- More Details column\n- Method \/ Sample Type(s) \/ Assay Time \/ Detection Limit \/ Detection Method columns\n- Procedures column\n- Screening Services column\n--\u003e","brand":"BioAssay Systems","offers":[{"title":"96 Tests","offer_id":53238319415661,"sku":"PAMPA-096","price":509.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/PAMPAfig.jpg?v=1776668362"},{"product_id":"parallel-artificial-membrane-permeability-assay-bbb-kit-bht15600227","title":"Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay-BBB Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor quantitative determination of blood brain barrier (BBB) membrane permeability of test compounds. The assay uses PAMPA for signal readout. Compatible sample input includes Chemical compounds. Typical stated assay timing is Assay takes 20 hr, hands-on time 1 hr.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReadout format:\u003c\/strong\u003e PAMPA supports plate-based signal acquisition and consistent comparison across matched samples.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSample compatibility:\u003c\/strong\u003e The stated sample scope includes Chemical compounds, which is useful when aligning matrix type with calibration and control design.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWorkflow timing:\u003c\/strong\u003e The listed assay time of Assay takes 20 hr, hands-on time 1 hr helps frame batch planning, replicate handling, and plate throughput.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFeature emphasis:\u003c\/strong\u003e Convenient. Includes all necessary equipment to run a PAMPA plate.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdditional feature notes highlight Simple and low-cost. Procedure is easy to follow and more affordable than cell-based permeability assays; High-throughput. Can be readily automated as a high-throughput 96-well plate assay for thousands of samples per day. Available format information for this listing includes 96 Tests.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis product is centered on measurement of parallel artificial membrane permeability assay-bbb within the matrices described for the assay. In practice, datasets from this type of format are typically interpreted by comparing relative signal, activity, or abundance across matched control and experimental groups rather than relying on a single value in isolation. Careful alignment of sample matrix, incubation window, and calibration strategy is important when comparing results across plates, operators, or study days.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eMore details\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eMEMBRANE PERMEABILITY\u003c\/i\u003eis an important characteristic to determine for evaluating compounds as potential drug candidates. Drugs often need to cross cell membranes in order to reach their target of action and this makes a compound’s ability to passively cross these membranes an important characteristic to evaluate. The Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) is made of brain endothelial cells with tight junctions. Rapid and early screening of compounds for BBB penetration is highly desirable for drug discovery. Permeability can be evaluated by cell-based methods; however, these methods are often expensive and time-consuming. Parallel Artificial Permeability Assays (PAMPA) offer researchers a quick, inexpensive method of evaluating the permeability of test compounds. Our PMBBB-096 kit is designed to aid in evaluating BBB permeability. BioAssay Systems’ PMBBB Kit provides all the necessary components to run a Parallel Artificial Permeability Assay for Blood Brain Barrier studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eDetection method\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePAMPA.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eProcedures and timing\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStated procedure or timing information: Assay takes 20 hr, hands-on time 1 hr.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePlate-based quantification and side-by-side group comparison remain central use cases for this assay format.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eThe product notes emphasize multi-sample throughput, making it relevant for screening-oriented and larger batch comparison studies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eShort assay timing and plate compatibility support time-course or repeated-measure collection plans when handling is kept consistent.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify parallel artificial membrane permeability assay-bbb in chemical compounds by PAMPA readout.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare treatment or phenotype groups using matched chemical compounds handling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMonitor time-course or pre\/post changes in chemical compounds across study conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation is usually strongest when signal changes are assessed alongside matrix-matched controls, replicate agreement, and the assay's stated analytical window.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMatrix composition, background signal, and sample handling can influence apparent response; compare like-with-like whenever possible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks, controls, and replicate wells to distinguish biological differences from plate, reagent, or handling variability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- Product Description column\n- Key Features column\n- More Details column\n- Method \/ Sample Type(s) \/ Assay Time \/ Detection Limit \/ Detection Method columns\n- Procedures column\n- Screening Services column\n--\u003e","brand":"BioAssay Systems","offers":[{"title":"96 Tests","offer_id":53238319448429,"sku":"PMBBB-096","price":519.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/PMBBBfig.jpg?v=1776668362"},{"product_id":"parallel-artificial-membrane-permeability-assay-skin-kit-bht15600228","title":"Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay-Skin Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor quantitative determination of skin membrane permeability of test compounds. The assay uses PAMPA for signal readout. Compatible sample input includes Chemical Compounds. Typical stated assay timing is Assay takes 20 hrs, hands-on time 1 hr.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReadout format:\u003c\/strong\u003e PAMPA supports plate-based signal acquisition and consistent comparison across matched samples.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSample compatibility:\u003c\/strong\u003e The stated sample scope includes Chemical Compounds, which is useful when aligning matrix type with calibration and control design.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWorkflow timing:\u003c\/strong\u003e The listed assay time of Assay takes 20 hrs, hands-on time 1 hr helps frame batch planning, replicate handling, and plate throughput.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFeature emphasis:\u003c\/strong\u003e Convenient. Includes all necessary equipment to run a PAMPA plate.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdditional feature notes highlight Simple and low-cost. Procedure is easy to follow and more affordable than cell-based permeability assays; High-throughput. Can be readily automated as a high-throughput 96-well plate assay for thousands of samples per day. Available format information for this listing includes 96 Tests.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis product is centered on measurement of parallel artificial membrane permeability assay-skin within the matrices described for the assay. In practice, datasets from this type of format are typically interpreted by comparing relative signal, activity, or abundance across matched control and experimental groups rather than relying on a single value in isolation. Careful alignment of sample matrix, incubation window, and calibration strategy is important when comparing results across plates, operators, or study days.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eMore details\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eMEMBRANE PERMEABILITY\u003c\/i\u003eis an important characteristic to determine for evaluating compounds as potential drug candidates. Drugs often need to cross cell membranes in order to reach their target of action and this makes a compound’s ability to passively cross these membranes an important characteristic to evaluate. The skin, and in particular, the stratum corneum is a complex barrier, which can be mimicked. Rapid and early screening of compounds for skin penetration is highly desirable for drug discovery. Permeability can be evaluated by cell-based methods; however, these methods are often expensive and time-consuming. Parallel Artificial Permeability Assays (PAMPA) offer researchers a quick, inexpensive method of evaluating the permeability of test compounds. Our PMSKN-096 kit is designed to aid in evaluating skin permeability. BioAssay Systems’ PMSKN Kit provides all the necessary components to run a Parallel Artificial Permeability Assay for skin permeability studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eDetection method\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePAMPA.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eProcedures and timing\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStated procedure or timing information: Assay takes 20 hrs, hands-on time 1 hr.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePlate-based quantification and side-by-side group comparison remain central use cases for this assay format.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eThe product notes emphasize multi-sample throughput, making it relevant for screening-oriented and larger batch comparison studies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eShort assay timing and plate compatibility support time-course or repeated-measure collection plans when handling is kept consistent.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eQuantify parallel artificial membrane permeability assay-skin in chemical Compounds by PAMPA readout.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCompare treatment or phenotype groups using matched chemical Compounds handling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMonitor time-course or pre\/post changes in chemical Compounds across study conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInterpretation is usually strongest when signal changes are assessed alongside matrix-matched controls, replicate agreement, and the assay's stated analytical window.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMatrix composition, background signal, and sample handling can influence apparent response; compare like-with-like whenever possible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks, controls, and replicate wells to distinguish biological differences from plate, reagent, or handling variability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- Product Description column\n- Key Features column\n- More Details column\n- Method \/ Sample Type(s) \/ Assay Time \/ Detection Limit \/ Detection Method columns\n- Procedures column\n- Screening Services column\n--\u003e","brand":"BioAssay Systems","offers":[{"title":"96 Tests","offer_id":53238320136557,"sku":"PMSKN-096","price":519.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/PMSKNfig.jpg?v=1776668364"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/collections\/rc-drug-development-adme-drug-metabolism.oembed","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}