{"title":"Autoimmune Disease","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"mouse-anti-thyroid-globulin-antibody-tgab-elisa-kit-bhe10505173","title":"Mouse anti-thyroid-globulin antibody,TGAB ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eanti-thyroid-globulin antibody (TG Ab)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a biological molecule commonly studied in others research. It is commonly used as a molecular readout in mechanistic and biomarker-focused studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eResearchers often monitor anti-thyroid-globulin antibody in serum and plasma to better understand themes such as mechanistic biology studies, biomarker-focused profiling, and disease-model research. 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When comparing results across studies, confirm that the reported analyte refers to the same molecule, species context, and molecular form (e.g., precursor vs mature protein, or soluble vs membrane-associated forms).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnderstanding how TGAB relates to signal transduction, tissue homeostasis, stress responses, and disease-model biology in biomedical research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInterpreting shifts in TGAB levels alongside other pathway components or complementary markers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting molecular changes to phenotypes such as inflammation, remodeling, metabolism shifts, or cell-state transitions (context-dependent).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMolecular forms and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor some targets, isoforms, proteolytic processing, or post-translational modifications (such as phosphorylation or glycosylation) can influence function and apparent abundance. 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Many proteins are studied as molecular readouts that can change with cellular state, tissue remodeling, or stress responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and mechanism\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe biological role of RF-IgA is typically understood in terms of its molecular category and interaction network. Depending on the model system, it may participate in cell–cell communication, intracellular signaling, enzymatic processing, or regulation of gene expression programs. Mechanistic interpretation is often strengthened by considering upstream regulators and downstream readouts rather than relying on a single marker.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression and abundance of RF-IgA can vary by tissue, cell type, and physiological state. In many systems, levels are influenced by factors such as developmental stage, immune activation, metabolic status, and cellular stress. Because sample matrix and pre-analytical handling can affect measured concentrations, interpretation is typically strongest when experiments keep collection and processing consistent across groups.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature and related terms\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRF-IgA (Rheumatoid Factor IgA)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referenced as \u003cstrong\u003eRheumatoid Factor IgA\u003c\/strong\u003e in the literature or in databases. When comparing results across studies, confirm that the reported analyte refers to the same molecule, species context, and molecular form (e.g., precursor vs mature protein, or soluble vs membrane-associated forms).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnderstanding how RF-IgA relates to innate and adaptive immune responses, cytokine signaling networks, host–pathogen interactions, and immune cell activation and trafficking in immunology research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInterpreting shifts in RF-IgA levels alongside other pathway components or complementary markers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting molecular changes to phenotypes such as inflammation, remodeling, metabolism shifts, or cell-state transitions (context-dependent).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMolecular forms and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor some targets, isoforms, proteolytic processing, or post-translational modifications (such as phosphorylation or glycosylation) can influence function and apparent abundance. If multiple molecular forms are expected in your model, align interpretation with the form most relevant to the biological question.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eRF-IgA has been investigated across diverse physiological and disease contexts, and changes in its abundance have been reported in areas aligned with immunology studies. These associations are interpreted as research findings rather than diagnostic or therapeutic claims, and they should be evaluated alongside model-specific covariates and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Fine Test","offers":[{"title":"96 T","offer_id":52975184380269,"sku":"EH4270-96T","price":520.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/elisa_8eff10a6-9e91-401d-9cef-e93ae531d55b.jpg?v=1769598523"},{"product_id":"human-rf-igm-rheumatoid-factor-igm-elisa-kit-bhe10806146","title":"Human RF-IgM (Rheumatoid Factor IgM) ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ehuman RF-IgM (Rheumatoid Factor IgM)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in immunology research. Many proteins are studied as molecular readouts that can change with cellular state, tissue remodeling, or stress responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and mechanism\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe biological role of RF-IgM is typically understood in terms of its molecular category and interaction network. Depending on the model system, it may participate in cell–cell communication, intracellular signaling, enzymatic processing, or regulation of gene expression programs. Mechanistic interpretation is often strengthened by considering upstream regulators and downstream readouts rather than relying on a single marker.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression and abundance of RF-IgM can vary by tissue, cell type, and physiological state. In many systems, levels are influenced by factors such as developmental stage, immune activation, metabolic status, and cellular stress. Because sample matrix and pre-analytical handling can affect measured concentrations, interpretation is typically strongest when experiments keep collection and processing consistent across groups.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature and related terms\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRF-IgM (Rheumatoid Factor IgM)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referenced as \u003cstrong\u003eRheumatoid Factor IgM\u003c\/strong\u003e in the literature or in databases. When comparing results across studies, confirm that the reported analyte refers to the same molecule, species context, and molecular form (e.g., precursor vs mature protein, or soluble vs membrane-associated forms).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnderstanding how RF-IgM relates to innate and adaptive immune responses, cytokine signaling networks, host–pathogen interactions, and immune cell activation and trafficking in immunology research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInterpreting shifts in RF-IgM levels alongside other pathway components or complementary markers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting molecular changes to phenotypes such as inflammation, remodeling, metabolism shifts, or cell-state transitions (context-dependent).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMolecular forms and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor some targets, isoforms, proteolytic processing, or post-translational modifications (such as phosphorylation or glycosylation) can influence function and apparent abundance. If multiple molecular forms are expected in your model, align interpretation with the form most relevant to the biological question.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eRF-IgM has been investigated across diverse physiological and disease contexts, and changes in its abundance have been reported in areas aligned with immunology studies. These associations are interpreted as research findings rather than diagnostic or therapeutic claims, and they should be evaluated alongside model-specific covariates and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Fine Test","offers":[{"title":"96 T","offer_id":52975252406637,"sku":"EH4271-96T","price":520.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/elisa_641decdb-146e-4970-aec7-0303c7e5f5ef.jpg?v=1769598629"},{"product_id":"mouse-ana-anti-nuclear-antibody-elisa-kit-bhe10806281","title":"Mouse ANA (Anti-nuclear Antibody) ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emouse ANA (Anti-nuclear Antibody)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in biomedical research. Autoantibodies are immune proteins that recognize self-antigens, and their presence can reflect changes in immune tolerance or chronic antigen exposure.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and mechanism\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe biological role of ANA is typically understood in terms of its molecular category and interaction network. Depending on the model system, it may participate in cell–cell communication, intracellular signaling, enzymatic processing, or regulation of gene expression programs. Mechanistic interpretation is often strengthened by considering upstream regulators and downstream readouts rather than relying on a single marker.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression and abundance of ANA can vary by tissue, cell type, and physiological state. In many systems, levels are influenced by factors such as developmental stage, immune activation, metabolic status, and cellular stress. Because sample matrix and pre-analytical handling can affect measured concentrations, interpretation is typically strongest when experiments keep collection and processing consistent across groups.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature and related terms\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eANA (Anti-nuclear Antibody)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referenced as \u003cstrong\u003eANA\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eNuclear antibody\u003c\/strong\u003e in the literature or in databases. When comparing results across studies, confirm that the reported analyte refers to the same molecule, species context, and molecular form (e.g., precursor vs mature protein, or soluble vs membrane-associated forms).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnderstanding how ANA relates to signal transduction, tissue homeostasis, stress responses, and disease-model biology in biomedical research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInterpreting shifts in ANA levels alongside other pathway components or complementary markers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting molecular changes to phenotypes such as inflammation, remodeling, metabolism shifts, or cell-state transitions (context-dependent).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMolecular forms and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor some targets, isoforms, proteolytic processing, or post-translational modifications (such as phosphorylation or glycosylation) can influence function and apparent abundance. If multiple molecular forms are expected in your model, align interpretation with the form most relevant to the biological question.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eANA has been investigated across diverse physiological and disease contexts, and changes in its abundance have been reported in areas aligned with biomedical studies. These associations are interpreted as research findings rather than diagnostic or therapeutic claims, and they should be evaluated alongside model-specific covariates and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Fine Test","offers":[{"title":"96 T","offer_id":52975279178093,"sku":"EM1607-96T","price":520.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/elisa_d37dc9d2-40eb-4f55-a058-901f39ce7723.jpg?v=1769598671"},{"product_id":"mouse-tgab-anti-thyroid-globulin-antibody-elisa-kit-bhe10806421","title":"Mouse TGAB (anti-Thyroid-Globulin Antibody) ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emouse TGAB (anti-Thyroid-Globulin Antibody)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in biomedical research. Autoantibodies are immune proteins that recognize self-antigens, and their presence can reflect changes in immune tolerance or chronic antigen exposure.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and mechanism\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe biological role of TGAB is typically understood in terms of its molecular category and interaction network. Depending on the model system, it may participate in cell–cell communication, intracellular signaling, enzymatic processing, or regulation of gene expression programs. Mechanistic interpretation is often strengthened by considering upstream regulators and downstream readouts rather than relying on a single marker.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression and abundance of TGAB can vary by tissue, cell type, and physiological state. In many systems, levels are influenced by factors such as developmental stage, immune activation, metabolic status, and cellular stress. Because sample matrix and pre-analytical handling can affect measured concentrations, interpretation is typically strongest when experiments keep collection and processing consistent across groups.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature and related terms\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTGAB (anti-Thyroid-Globulin Antibody)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referenced as \u003cstrong\u003eTG antibody\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eThyroid-Globulin antibody\u003c\/strong\u003e in the literature or in databases. When comparing results across studies, confirm that the reported analyte refers to the same molecule, species context, and molecular form (e.g., precursor vs mature protein, or soluble vs membrane-associated forms).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnderstanding how TGAB relates to signal transduction, tissue homeostasis, stress responses, and disease-model biology in biomedical research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInterpreting shifts in TGAB levels alongside other pathway components or complementary markers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting molecular changes to phenotypes such as inflammation, remodeling, metabolism shifts, or cell-state transitions (context-dependent).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMolecular forms and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor some targets, isoforms, proteolytic processing, or post-translational modifications (such as phosphorylation or glycosylation) can influence function and apparent abundance. If multiple molecular forms are expected in your model, align interpretation with the form most relevant to the biological question.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTGAB has been investigated across diverse physiological and disease contexts, and changes in its abundance have been reported in areas aligned with biomedical studies. These associations are interpreted as research findings rather than diagnostic or therapeutic claims, and they should be evaluated alongside model-specific covariates and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Fine Test","offers":[{"title":"96 T","offer_id":52975304737133,"sku":"EM1402-96T","price":520.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/elisa_14460980-230b-4c4e-8e29-1f4a585bb719.jpg?v=1769598711"},{"product_id":"mouse-rf-iga-rheumatoid-factor-iga-elisa-kit-bhe10807173","title":"Mouse RF-IgA (Rheumatoid Factor IgA) ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emouse RF-IgA (Rheumatoid Factor IgA)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in immunology research. Many proteins are studied as molecular readouts that can change with cellular state, tissue remodeling, or stress responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and mechanism\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe biological role of RF-IgA is typically understood in terms of its molecular category and interaction network. Depending on the model system, it may participate in cell–cell communication, intracellular signaling, enzymatic processing, or regulation of gene expression programs. Mechanistic interpretation is often strengthened by considering upstream regulators and downstream readouts rather than relying on a single marker.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression and abundance of RF-IgA can vary by tissue, cell type, and physiological state. In many systems, levels are influenced by factors such as developmental stage, immune activation, metabolic status, and cellular stress. Because sample matrix and pre-analytical handling can affect measured concentrations, interpretation is typically strongest when experiments keep collection and processing consistent across groups.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature and related terms\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRF-IgA (Rheumatoid Factor IgA)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referenced as \u003cstrong\u003eRheumatoid Factor IgA\u003c\/strong\u003e in the literature or in databases. When comparing results across studies, confirm that the reported analyte refers to the same molecule, species context, and molecular form (e.g., precursor vs mature protein, or soluble vs membrane-associated forms).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnderstanding how RF-IgA relates to innate and adaptive immune responses, cytokine signaling networks, host–pathogen interactions, and immune cell activation and trafficking in immunology research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInterpreting shifts in RF-IgA levels alongside other pathway components or complementary markers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting molecular changes to phenotypes such as inflammation, remodeling, metabolism shifts, or cell-state transitions (context-dependent).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMolecular forms and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor some targets, isoforms, proteolytic processing, or post-translational modifications (such as phosphorylation or glycosylation) can influence function and apparent abundance. If multiple molecular forms are expected in your model, align interpretation with the form most relevant to the biological question.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eRF-IgA has been investigated across diverse physiological and disease contexts, and changes in its abundance have been reported in areas aligned with immunology studies. These associations are interpreted as research findings rather than diagnostic or therapeutic claims, and they should be evaluated alongside model-specific covariates and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Fine Test","offers":[{"title":"96 T","offer_id":52975396454765,"sku":"EM4270-96T","price":520.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/elisa_23aba4e3-5111-4768-a683-26d444181f70.jpg?v=1769598977"},{"product_id":"mouse-rf-igm-rheumatoid-factor-igm-elisa-kit-bhe10807174","title":"Mouse RF-IgM (Rheumatoid Factor IgM) ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emouse RF-IgM (Rheumatoid Factor IgM)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in immunology research. Many proteins are studied as molecular readouts that can change with cellular state, tissue remodeling, or stress responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and mechanism\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe biological role of RF-IgM is typically understood in terms of its molecular category and interaction network. Depending on the model system, it may participate in cell–cell communication, intracellular signaling, enzymatic processing, or regulation of gene expression programs. Mechanistic interpretation is often strengthened by considering upstream regulators and downstream readouts rather than relying on a single marker.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression and abundance of RF-IgM can vary by tissue, cell type, and physiological state. In many systems, levels are influenced by factors such as developmental stage, immune activation, metabolic status, and cellular stress. Because sample matrix and pre-analytical handling can affect measured concentrations, interpretation is typically strongest when experiments keep collection and processing consistent across groups.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature and related terms\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRF-IgM (Rheumatoid Factor IgM)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referenced as \u003cstrong\u003eRheumatoid Factor IgM\u003c\/strong\u003e in the literature or in databases. When comparing results across studies, confirm that the reported analyte refers to the same molecule, species context, and molecular form (e.g., precursor vs mature protein, or soluble vs membrane-associated forms).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnderstanding how RF-IgM relates to innate and adaptive immune responses, cytokine signaling networks, host–pathogen interactions, and immune cell activation and trafficking in immunology research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInterpreting shifts in RF-IgM levels alongside other pathway components or complementary markers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting molecular changes to phenotypes such as inflammation, remodeling, metabolism shifts, or cell-state transitions (context-dependent).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMolecular forms and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor some targets, isoforms, proteolytic processing, or post-translational modifications (such as phosphorylation or glycosylation) can influence function and apparent abundance. If multiple molecular forms are expected in your model, align interpretation with the form most relevant to the biological question.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eRF-IgM has been investigated across diverse physiological and disease contexts, and changes in its abundance have been reported in areas aligned with immunology studies. These associations are interpreted as research findings rather than diagnostic or therapeutic claims, and they should be evaluated alongside model-specific covariates and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Fine Test","offers":[{"title":"96 T","offer_id":52975396487533,"sku":"EM4271-96T","price":520.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/elisa_f8d4f447-8a14-4009-9c10-3dfe67f7e59c.jpg?v=1769598977"},{"product_id":"mouse-rf-igg-rheumatoid-factor-igg-elisa-kit-bhe10807175","title":"Mouse RF-IgG (Rheumatoid Factor IgG) ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emouse RF-IgG (Rheumatoid Factor IgG)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in immunology research. Many proteins are studied as molecular readouts that can change with cellular state, tissue remodeling, or stress responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and mechanism\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe biological role of RF-IgG is typically understood in terms of its molecular category and interaction network. Depending on the model system, it may participate in cell–cell communication, intracellular signaling, enzymatic processing, or regulation of gene expression programs. Mechanistic interpretation is often strengthened by considering upstream regulators and downstream readouts rather than relying on a single marker.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression and abundance of RF-IgG can vary by tissue, cell type, and physiological state. In many systems, levels are influenced by factors such as developmental stage, immune activation, metabolic status, and cellular stress. Because sample matrix and pre-analytical handling can affect measured concentrations, interpretation is typically strongest when experiments keep collection and processing consistent across groups.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature and related terms\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRF-IgG (Rheumatoid Factor IgG)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referenced as \u003cstrong\u003eRheumatoid Factor IgG\u003c\/strong\u003e in the literature or in databases. When comparing results across studies, confirm that the reported analyte refers to the same molecule, species context, and molecular form (e.g., precursor vs mature protein, or soluble vs membrane-associated forms).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnderstanding how RF-IgG relates to innate and adaptive immune responses, cytokine signaling networks, host–pathogen interactions, and immune cell activation and trafficking in immunology research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInterpreting shifts in RF-IgG levels alongside other pathway components or complementary markers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting molecular changes to phenotypes such as inflammation, remodeling, metabolism shifts, or cell-state transitions (context-dependent).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMolecular forms and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor some targets, isoforms, proteolytic processing, or post-translational modifications (such as phosphorylation or glycosylation) can influence function and apparent abundance. If multiple molecular forms are expected in your model, align interpretation with the form most relevant to the biological question.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eRF-IgG has been investigated across diverse physiological and disease contexts, and changes in its abundance have been reported in areas aligned with immunology studies. These associations are interpreted as research findings rather than diagnostic or therapeutic claims, and they should be evaluated alongside model-specific covariates and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Fine Test","offers":[{"title":"96 T","offer_id":52975396520301,"sku":"EM4269-96T","price":520.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/elisa_ade499a9-545b-451c-867b-6ff95c29d187.jpg?v=1769598978"},{"product_id":"rat-rf-igg-rheumatoid-factor-igg-elisa-kit-bhe10807693","title":"Rat RF-IgG (Rheumatoid Factor IgG) ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003erat RF-IgG (Rheumatoid Factor IgG)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in biomedical research. Many proteins are studied as molecular readouts that can change with cellular state, tissue remodeling, or stress responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and mechanism\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe biological role of RF-IgG is typically understood in terms of its molecular category and interaction network. Depending on the model system, it may participate in cell–cell communication, intracellular signaling, enzymatic processing, or regulation of gene expression programs. Mechanistic interpretation is often strengthened by considering upstream regulators and downstream readouts rather than relying on a single marker.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression and abundance of RF-IgG can vary by tissue, cell type, and physiological state. In many systems, levels are influenced by factors such as developmental stage, immune activation, metabolic status, and cellular stress. Because sample matrix and pre-analytical handling can affect measured concentrations, interpretation is typically strongest when experiments keep collection and processing consistent across groups.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature and related terms\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRF-IgG (Rheumatoid Factor IgG)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referenced as \u003cstrong\u003eRheumatoid Factor IgG\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eRF IgG\u003c\/strong\u003e in the literature or in databases. When comparing results across studies, confirm that the reported analyte refers to the same molecule, species context, and molecular form (e.g., precursor vs mature protein, or soluble vs membrane-associated forms).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnderstanding how RF-IgG relates to signal transduction, tissue homeostasis, stress responses, and disease-model biology in biomedical research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInterpreting shifts in RF-IgG levels alongside other pathway components or complementary markers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting molecular changes to phenotypes such as inflammation, remodeling, metabolism shifts, or cell-state transitions (context-dependent).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMolecular forms and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor some targets, isoforms, proteolytic processing, or post-translational modifications (such as phosphorylation or glycosylation) can influence function and apparent abundance. If multiple molecular forms are expected in your model, align interpretation with the form most relevant to the biological question.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eRF-IgG has been investigated across diverse physiological and disease contexts, and changes in its abundance have been reported in areas aligned with biomedical studies. These associations are interpreted as research findings rather than diagnostic or therapeutic claims, and they should be evaluated alongside model-specific covariates and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Fine Test","offers":[{"title":"96 T","offer_id":52975416115565,"sku":"ER1931-96T","price":520.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/elisa_0c12a7d6-ed62-4031-b096-3faf925b5cb0.jpg?v=1769599187"},{"product_id":"rat-rf-igm-rheumatoid-factor-igm-elisa-kit-bhe10807694","title":"Rat RF-IgM (Rheumatoid Factor IgM) ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003erat RF-IgM (Rheumatoid Factor IgM)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in biomedical research. Many proteins are studied as molecular readouts that can change with cellular state, tissue remodeling, or stress responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and mechanism\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe biological role of RF-IgM is typically understood in terms of its molecular category and interaction network. Depending on the model system, it may participate in cell–cell communication, intracellular signaling, enzymatic processing, or regulation of gene expression programs. Mechanistic interpretation is often strengthened by considering upstream regulators and downstream readouts rather than relying on a single marker.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression and abundance of RF-IgM can vary by tissue, cell type, and physiological state. In many systems, levels are influenced by factors such as developmental stage, immune activation, metabolic status, and cellular stress. Because sample matrix and pre-analytical handling can affect measured concentrations, interpretation is typically strongest when experiments keep collection and processing consistent across groups.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature and related terms\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRF-IgM (Rheumatoid Factor IgM)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referenced as \u003cstrong\u003eRF IgM\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eRheumatoid Factor IgM\u003c\/strong\u003e in the literature or in databases. When comparing results across studies, confirm that the reported analyte refers to the same molecule, species context, and molecular form (e.g., precursor vs mature protein, or soluble vs membrane-associated forms).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnderstanding how RF-IgM relates to signal transduction, tissue homeostasis, stress responses, and disease-model biology in biomedical research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInterpreting shifts in RF-IgM levels alongside other pathway components or complementary markers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting molecular changes to phenotypes such as inflammation, remodeling, metabolism shifts, or cell-state transitions (context-dependent).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMolecular forms and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor some targets, isoforms, proteolytic processing, or post-translational modifications (such as phosphorylation or glycosylation) can influence function and apparent abundance. If multiple molecular forms are expected in your model, align interpretation with the form most relevant to the biological question.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eRF-IgM has been investigated across diverse physiological and disease contexts, and changes in its abundance have been reported in areas aligned with biomedical studies. These associations are interpreted as research findings rather than diagnostic or therapeutic claims, and they should be evaluated alongside model-specific covariates and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Fine Test","offers":[{"title":"96 T","offer_id":52975416148333,"sku":"ER1932-96T","price":520.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/elisa_9ee87343-41f4-43d7-8621-6289e61d728f.jpg?v=1769599187"},{"product_id":"rat-tgab-anti-thyroid-globulin-antibody-elisa-kit-bhe10808775","title":"Rat TGAB (anti-Thyroid-Globulin Antibody) ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003erat TGAB (anti-Thyroid-Globulin Antibody)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in biomedical research. Autoantibodies are immune proteins that recognize self-antigens, and their presence can reflect changes in immune tolerance or chronic antigen exposure.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and mechanism\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe biological role of TGAB is typically understood in terms of its molecular category and interaction network. Depending on the model system, it may participate in cell–cell communication, intracellular signaling, enzymatic processing, or regulation of gene expression programs. Mechanistic interpretation is often strengthened by considering upstream regulators and downstream readouts rather than relying on a single marker.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression and abundance of TGAB can vary by tissue, cell type, and physiological state. In many systems, levels are influenced by factors such as developmental stage, immune activation, metabolic status, and cellular stress. Because sample matrix and pre-analytical handling can affect measured concentrations, interpretation is typically strongest when experiments keep collection and processing consistent across groups.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature and related terms\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTGAB (anti-Thyroid-Globulin Antibody)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referenced as \u003cstrong\u003eTG antibody\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eThyroid-Globulin antibody\u003c\/strong\u003e in the literature or in databases. When comparing results across studies, confirm that the reported analyte refers to the same molecule, species context, and molecular form (e.g., precursor vs mature protein, or soluble vs membrane-associated forms).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnderstanding how TGAB relates to signal transduction, tissue homeostasis, stress responses, and disease-model biology in biomedical research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInterpreting shifts in TGAB levels alongside other pathway components or complementary markers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting molecular changes to phenotypes such as inflammation, remodeling, metabolism shifts, or cell-state transitions (context-dependent).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMolecular forms and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor some targets, isoforms, proteolytic processing, or post-translational modifications (such as phosphorylation or glycosylation) can influence function and apparent abundance. If multiple molecular forms are expected in your model, align interpretation with the form most relevant to the biological question.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTGAB has been investigated across diverse physiological and disease contexts, and changes in its abundance have been reported in areas aligned with biomedical studies. These associations are interpreted as research findings rather than diagnostic or therapeutic claims, and they should be evaluated alongside model-specific covariates and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Fine Test","offers":[{"title":"96 T","offer_id":52975453241709,"sku":"ER2202-96T","price":520.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/elisa_ba9bacbf-b168-4b40-b6e4-80a09c6225ce.jpg?v=1769599584"},{"product_id":"rat-ana-anti-nuclear-antibody-elisa-kit-bhe10808911","title":"Rat ANA (Anti-nuclear Antibody) ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003erat ANA (Anti-nuclear Antibody)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in biomedical research. Autoantibodies are immune proteins that recognize self-antigens, and their presence can reflect changes in immune tolerance or chronic antigen exposure.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and mechanism\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe biological role of ANA is typically understood in terms of its molecular category and interaction network. Depending on the model system, it may participate in cell–cell communication, intracellular signaling, enzymatic processing, or regulation of gene expression programs. Mechanistic interpretation is often strengthened by considering upstream regulators and downstream readouts rather than relying on a single marker.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression and abundance of ANA can vary by tissue, cell type, and physiological state. In many systems, levels are influenced by factors such as developmental stage, immune activation, metabolic status, and cellular stress. Because sample matrix and pre-analytical handling can affect measured concentrations, interpretation is typically strongest when experiments keep collection and processing consistent across groups.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature and related terms\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eANA (Anti-nuclear Antibody)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referenced as \u003cstrong\u003eANA\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eNuclear antibody\u003c\/strong\u003e in the literature or in databases. When comparing results across studies, confirm that the reported analyte refers to the same molecule, species context, and molecular form (e.g., precursor vs mature protein, or soluble vs membrane-associated forms).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnderstanding how ANA relates to signal transduction, tissue homeostasis, stress responses, and disease-model biology in biomedical research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInterpreting shifts in ANA levels alongside other pathway components or complementary markers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting molecular changes to phenotypes such as inflammation, remodeling, metabolism shifts, or cell-state transitions (context-dependent).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMolecular forms and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor some targets, isoforms, proteolytic processing, or post-translational modifications (such as phosphorylation or glycosylation) can influence function and apparent abundance. If multiple molecular forms are expected in your model, align interpretation with the form most relevant to the biological question.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eANA has been investigated across diverse physiological and disease contexts, and changes in its abundance have been reported in areas aligned with biomedical studies. These associations are interpreted as research findings rather than diagnostic or therapeutic claims, and they should be evaluated alongside model-specific covariates and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Fine Test","offers":[{"title":"96 T","offer_id":52975456813421,"sku":"ER2051-96T","price":520.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/elisa_8c65c305-293c-4207-ad0b-5f31310ee6a1.jpg?v=1769599620"},{"product_id":"mouse-ana-anti-nuclear-antibody-elisa-kit-bhe10809371","title":"Mouse ANA (Anti-nuclear Antibody) ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emouse ANA (Anti-nuclear Antibody)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in biomedical research. Autoantibodies are immune proteins that recognize self-antigens, and their presence can reflect changes in immune tolerance or chronic antigen exposure.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and mechanism\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe biological role of ANA is typically understood in terms of its molecular category and interaction network. Depending on the model system, it may participate in cell–cell communication, intracellular signaling, enzymatic processing, or regulation of gene expression programs. Mechanistic interpretation is often strengthened by considering upstream regulators and downstream readouts rather than relying on a single marker.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression and abundance of ANA can vary by tissue, cell type, and physiological state. In many systems, levels are influenced by factors such as developmental stage, immune activation, metabolic status, and cellular stress. Because sample matrix and pre-analytical handling can affect measured concentrations, interpretation is typically strongest when experiments keep collection and processing consistent across groups.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature and related terms\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eANA (Anti-nuclear Antibody)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referenced as \u003cstrong\u003eANA\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eNuclear antibody\u003c\/strong\u003e in the literature or in databases. When comparing results across studies, confirm that the reported analyte refers to the same molecule, species context, and molecular form (e.g., precursor vs mature protein, or soluble vs membrane-associated forms).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnderstanding how ANA relates to signal transduction, tissue homeostasis, stress responses, and disease-model biology in biomedical research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInterpreting shifts in ANA levels alongside other pathway components or complementary markers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting molecular changes to phenotypes such as inflammation, remodeling, metabolism shifts, or cell-state transitions (context-dependent).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMolecular forms and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor some targets, isoforms, proteolytic processing, or post-translational modifications (such as phosphorylation or glycosylation) can influence function and apparent abundance. If multiple molecular forms are expected in your model, align interpretation with the form most relevant to the biological question.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eANA has been investigated across diverse physiological and disease contexts, and changes in its abundance have been reported in areas aligned with biomedical studies. These associations are interpreted as research findings rather than diagnostic or therapeutic claims, and they should be evaluated alongside model-specific covariates and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Fine Test","offers":[{"title":"96 T","offer_id":52975466283373,"sku":"EM1607-CM-96T","price":520.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/elisa_7d80095d-7a48-4200-836b-7e003bde614c.jpg?v=1769599711"},{"product_id":"monkey-rf-igm-rheumatoid-factor-igm-elisa-kit-bhe10809557","title":"Monkey RF-IgM (Rheumatoid Factor IgM) ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emonkey RF-IgM (Rheumatoid Factor IgM)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in biomedical research. Many proteins are studied as molecular readouts that can change with cellular state, tissue remodeling, or stress responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and mechanism\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe biological role of RF-IgM is typically understood in terms of its molecular category and interaction network. Depending on the model system, it may participate in cell–cell communication, intracellular signaling, enzymatic processing, or regulation of gene expression programs. Mechanistic interpretation is often strengthened by considering upstream regulators and downstream readouts rather than relying on a single marker.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression and abundance of RF-IgM can vary by tissue, cell type, and physiological state. In many systems, levels are influenced by factors such as developmental stage, immune activation, metabolic status, and cellular stress. Because sample matrix and pre-analytical handling can affect measured concentrations, interpretation is typically strongest when experiments keep collection and processing consistent across groups.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature and related terms\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRF-IgM (Rheumatoid Factor IgM)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referenced as \u003cstrong\u003eRF IgM\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eRheumatoid Factor IgM\u003c\/strong\u003e in the literature or in databases. When comparing results across studies, confirm that the reported analyte refers to the same molecule, species context, and molecular form (e.g., precursor vs mature protein, or soluble vs membrane-associated forms).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnderstanding how RF-IgM relates to signal transduction, tissue homeostasis, stress responses, and disease-model biology in biomedical research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInterpreting shifts in RF-IgM levels alongside other pathway components or complementary markers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting molecular changes to phenotypes such as inflammation, remodeling, metabolism shifts, or cell-state transitions (context-dependent).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMolecular forms and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor some targets, isoforms, proteolytic processing, or post-translational modifications (such as phosphorylation or glycosylation) can influence function and apparent abundance. If multiple molecular forms are expected in your model, align interpretation with the form most relevant to the biological question.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eRF-IgM has been investigated across diverse physiological and disease contexts, and changes in its abundance have been reported in areas aligned with biomedical studies. These associations are interpreted as research findings rather than diagnostic or therapeutic claims, and they should be evaluated alongside model-specific covariates and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Fine Test","offers":[{"title":"96 T","offer_id":52975472443757,"sku":"EMK0183-96T","price":650.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/elisa_abbcf192-9018-4526-9e96-39ca12f5ea38.jpg?v=1769599761"},{"product_id":"monkey-rf-igg-rheumatoid-factor-igg-elisa-kit-bhe10809558","title":"Monkey RF-IgG (Rheumatoid Factor IgG) ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emonkey RF-IgG (Rheumatoid Factor IgG)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in biomedical research. Many proteins are studied as molecular readouts that can change with cellular state, tissue remodeling, or stress responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and mechanism\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe biological role of RF-IgG is typically understood in terms of its molecular category and interaction network. Depending on the model system, it may participate in cell–cell communication, intracellular signaling, enzymatic processing, or regulation of gene expression programs. Mechanistic interpretation is often strengthened by considering upstream regulators and downstream readouts rather than relying on a single marker.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression and abundance of RF-IgG can vary by tissue, cell type, and physiological state. In many systems, levels are influenced by factors such as developmental stage, immune activation, metabolic status, and cellular stress. Because sample matrix and pre-analytical handling can affect measured concentrations, interpretation is typically strongest when experiments keep collection and processing consistent across groups.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature and related terms\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRF-IgG (Rheumatoid Factor IgG)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referenced as \u003cstrong\u003eRF IgG\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eRheumatoid Factor IgG\u003c\/strong\u003e in the literature or in databases. When comparing results across studies, confirm that the reported analyte refers to the same molecule, species context, and molecular form (e.g., precursor vs mature protein, or soluble vs membrane-associated forms).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnderstanding how RF-IgG relates to signal transduction, tissue homeostasis, stress responses, and disease-model biology in biomedical research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInterpreting shifts in RF-IgG levels alongside other pathway components or complementary markers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting molecular changes to phenotypes such as inflammation, remodeling, metabolism shifts, or cell-state transitions (context-dependent).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMolecular forms and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor some targets, isoforms, proteolytic processing, or post-translational modifications (such as phosphorylation or glycosylation) can influence function and apparent abundance. If multiple molecular forms are expected in your model, align interpretation with the form most relevant to the biological question.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eRF-IgG has been investigated across diverse physiological and disease contexts, and changes in its abundance have been reported in areas aligned with biomedical studies. These associations are interpreted as research findings rather than diagnostic or therapeutic claims, and they should be evaluated alongside model-specific covariates and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Fine Test","offers":[{"title":"96 T","offer_id":52975472476525,"sku":"EMK0182-96T","price":650.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/elisa_58729f09-40d8-4e3c-8bc2-33367d698271.jpg?v=1769599761"},{"product_id":"porcine-rf-igm-rheumatoid-factor-igm-elisa-kit-bhe10810050","title":"Porcine RF-IgM (Rheumatoid Factor IgM) ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eporcine RF-IgM (Rheumatoid Factor IgM)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in biomedical research. Many proteins are studied as molecular readouts that can change with cellular state, tissue remodeling, or stress responses.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and mechanism\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe biological role of RF-IgM is typically understood in terms of its molecular category and interaction network. Depending on the model system, it may participate in cell–cell communication, intracellular signaling, enzymatic processing, or regulation of gene expression programs. Mechanistic interpretation is often strengthened by considering upstream regulators and downstream readouts rather than relying on a single marker.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression and abundance of RF-IgM can vary by tissue, cell type, and physiological state. In many systems, levels are influenced by factors such as developmental stage, immune activation, metabolic status, and cellular stress. Because sample matrix and pre-analytical handling can affect measured concentrations, interpretation is typically strongest when experiments keep collection and processing consistent across groups.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature and related terms\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRF-IgM (Rheumatoid Factor IgM)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referenced as \u003cstrong\u003eRF-IgM\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eRheumatoid Factor IgM\u003c\/strong\u003e in the literature or in databases. When comparing results across studies, confirm that the reported analyte refers to the same molecule, species context, and molecular form (e.g., precursor vs mature protein, or soluble vs membrane-associated forms).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnderstanding how RF-IgM relates to signal transduction, tissue homeostasis, stress responses, and disease-model biology in biomedical research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInterpreting shifts in RF-IgM levels alongside other pathway components or complementary markers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting molecular changes to phenotypes such as inflammation, remodeling, metabolism shifts, or cell-state transitions (context-dependent).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMolecular forms and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor some targets, isoforms, proteolytic processing, or post-translational modifications (such as phosphorylation or glycosylation) can influence function and apparent abundance. If multiple molecular forms are expected in your model, align interpretation with the form most relevant to the biological question.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eRF-IgM has been investigated across diverse physiological and disease contexts, and changes in its abundance have been reported in areas aligned with biomedical studies. These associations are interpreted as research findings rather than diagnostic or therapeutic claims, and they should be evaluated alongside model-specific covariates and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Fine Test","offers":[{"title":"96 T","offer_id":52975488336237,"sku":"EP0402-96T","price":650.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/elisa_93927319-9ec4-4984-b14c-c0503635ef31.jpg?v=1769599901"},{"product_id":"monkey-ana-anti-nuclear-antibody-elisa-kit-bhe10810090","title":"Monkey ANA (Anti-nuclear Antibody) ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emonkey ANA (Anti-nuclear Antibody)\u003c\/strong\u003e is a molecular target commonly studied in biomedical research. Autoantibodies are immune proteins that recognize self-antigens, and their presence can reflect changes in immune tolerance or chronic antigen exposure.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological role and mechanism\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe biological role of ANA is typically understood in terms of its molecular category and interaction network. Depending on the model system, it may participate in cell–cell communication, intracellular signaling, enzymatic processing, or regulation of gene expression programs. Mechanistic interpretation is often strengthened by considering upstream regulators and downstream readouts rather than relying on a single marker.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExpression and abundance of ANA can vary by tissue, cell type, and physiological state. In many systems, levels are influenced by factors such as developmental stage, immune activation, metabolic status, and cellular stress. Because sample matrix and pre-analytical handling can affect measured concentrations, interpretation is typically strongest when experiments keep collection and processing consistent across groups.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNomenclature and related terms\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eANA (Anti-nuclear Antibody)\u003c\/strong\u003e may also be referenced as \u003cstrong\u003eANA\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eAnti-nuclear Antibody\u003c\/strong\u003e in the literature or in databases. When comparing results across studies, confirm that the reported analyte refers to the same molecule, species context, and molecular form (e.g., precursor vs mature protein, or soluble vs membrane-associated forms).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnderstanding how ANA relates to signal transduction, tissue homeostasis, stress responses, and disease-model biology in biomedical research.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInterpreting shifts in ANA levels alongside other pathway components or complementary markers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting molecular changes to phenotypes such as inflammation, remodeling, metabolism shifts, or cell-state transitions (context-dependent).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMolecular forms and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor some targets, isoforms, proteolytic processing, or post-translational modifications (such as phosphorylation or glycosylation) can influence function and apparent abundance. If multiple molecular forms are expected in your model, align interpretation with the form most relevant to the biological question.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eANA has been investigated across diverse physiological and disease contexts, and changes in its abundance have been reported in areas aligned with biomedical studies. These associations are interpreted as research findings rather than diagnostic or therapeutic claims, and they should be evaluated alongside model-specific covariates and study design.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Fine Test","offers":[{"title":"96 T","offer_id":52975489810797,"sku":"EMK0330-96T","price":650.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/elisa_386c7e19-d79c-48b0-9ddb-ee31978a8524.jpg?v=1769599922"},{"product_id":"recombinant-human-complement-c2-protein-c-his-bhp21400736","title":"Recombinant Human Complement C2 Protein, C-His","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTarget identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCOMPLEMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e is a protein. It is typically cell-type and isoform dependent (intracellular or extracellular).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCOMPLEMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e is provided as a recombinant protein reagent for \u003cstrong\u003eresearch use only\u003c\/strong\u003e. Recombinant proteins are commonly used as defined molecular inputs in biochemical and cell-free systems, enabling controlled interrogation of binding, activity, and pathway-relevant interactions.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProtein identity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e COMPLEMENT (expression region Met1-Leu752; approx. molecular weight 84.23 kDa).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological significance and function\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCOMPLEMENT\u003c\/strong\u003e is used in RUO research to interrogate molecular mechanisms, interaction networks, and pathway-linked phenotypes in experimental systems. This target is frequently explored in \u003cstrong\u003eImmunology \u0026amp; Inflammation\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMolecular characteristics\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey molecular attributes can influence binding behavior, stability, and assay background—especially for multimeric, disulfide-rich, or PTM-dependent targets.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression system:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian Cells\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression region:\u003c\/strong\u003e Met1-Leu752\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 84.23 kDa\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u0026gt;95%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eForm:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilized\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormulation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilized from a solution in PBS pH 7.4, 1 mM EDTA, 4% Trehalose, 1% Mannitol.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePost-translational considerations:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian expression can support native-like folding, disulfide bond formation, and glycosylation. These features can be important for secreted proteins and receptor-binding interactions.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and purification strategy\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExpression system:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian Cells. Expression host selection can influence folding and PTM state, which may affect activity or binding in different assay formats.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePurification:\u003c\/strong\u003e Affinity-chromatography. Purification approach and formulation influence sample homogeneity and background signal in downstream biochemical measurements.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEndotoxin consideration:\u003c\/strong\u003e Reported endotoxin level is Please contact with the lab for this information.; this parameter can matter when recombinant proteins are used in cell-based systems sensitive to innate immune activation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReconstitution:\u003c\/strong\u003e Reconstitute in sterile water for a stock solution. A copy of datasheet will be provided with the products, please refer to it for details..\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResearch interpretation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Recombinant protein reagents support controlled experiments such as interaction mapping, assay calibration, and reconstitution studies with defined inputs. Interpreting outcomes typically benefits from pairing the primary readout with orthogonal markers that report pathway state and complex formation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Biohippo Inc","offers":[{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53000692924781,"sku":"HY106011-100UG","price":478.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53000692957549,"sku":"HY106011-1MG","price":2878.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"human-complement-c8-bhp11006031","title":"Human Complement C8","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Complement C8\u003c\/strong\u003e is supplied as a recombinant protein for in vitro research use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eBackground\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNative human C8 is a glycosylated protein consist of 3 polypeptide chains: The alpha chain and the gamma chain are disulfide linkedwhereas, The beta chain is non-covalently bound to the a-g complex. C8 is necessary for formation of the membrane attack complex and is activated by binding on the cell membrane newly-formed C5b,C6,C7 complexes. Each pathway of complement activation generates proteolytic enzyme complexes which bind the target surface. These enzymes cleave a peptide bond in the larger alpha chain of C5 releasing C5a and activating C5b. Although C5b is unstable it remains bound to the activating complex for a few minutes during which it binds a single C6 from the surrounding fluid or it decays and is no longer capable of forming MAC.The C5b,6 complex may also remain connected to the C3\/C5 convertase where the binding of a single C7 exposes a membrane-binding region and C5b,6,7 can enter into the bilipid layer of the target cell. Each C5b-7 complex can bind 1 molecule of C8 causing the complex to enter more firmly into the membrane.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eProduct format\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvided as a recombinant protein suitable for in vitro workflows such as binding studies, screening, and assay development. Refer to the specifications table for expression format and molecular properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eActivity \u0026amp; assay information\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHuman Virus Test:\u003c\/strong\u003e Plasma from each donor has been tested and found negative for antibody to HIV-1, HIV-2, HCV and HBSAG.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"ProSpec-Tany TechnoGene Ltd","offers":[{"title":"20 ug","offer_id":53038180794733,"sku":"pro-2695-20UG","price":220.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53038540652909,"sku":"pro-2695-100UG","price":660.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53038540685677,"sku":"pro-2695-1MG","price":2750.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/Prospecbio-c8-human-PRO-2695.png?v=1782158391"},{"product_id":"rabbit-complement-component-c1q-bhp11006520","title":"Rabbit Complement Component C1q","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRabbit Complement Component C1q\u003c\/strong\u003e is supplied as a recombinant protein for in vitro research use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eBackground\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eC1q is a vital initiator of the classical pathway of the complement system, playing a pivotal role in host defense, immune regulation, and clearance of apoptotic cells. While much research has been conducted on C1q in humans and other species, studies specifically focusing on rabbit C1q are relatively limited. Studies focusing on C1q in rabbit models have provided valuable insights into its involvement in host defense against infectious agents, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory disorders. Additionally, research has highlighted the potential therapeutic applications of modulating C1q activity in conditions such as autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eProduct format\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvided as a recombinant protein suitable for in vitro workflows such as binding studies, screening, and assay development. Refer to the specifications table for expression format and molecular properties.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ProSpec-Tany TechnoGene Ltd","offers":[{"title":"10 ug","offer_id":53038189248877,"sku":"pro-2815-10UG","price":385.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 ug","offer_id":53038565458285,"sku":"pro-2815-50UG","price":1045.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53038565491053,"sku":"pro-2815-100UG","price":1650.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/Prospecbio-c1q-rabbit-PRO-2815.png?v=1782158408"},{"product_id":"bad-antibody-bha17100550","title":"Bad Antibody","description":"\u003cp\u003eApoptosis or programmed cell death is a physiological cellular process characterized by cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, DNA fragmentation, and release of Cytochrome C from the mitochondria. It is utilized by the organism to get rid of unwanted cells, which is critical for normal development and homeostasis of an organism. Disregulation of normal apoptosis process have been implicated in a variety of diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, viral infections, etc. Programmed cell death occurs through complex cascades of cell signaling in which Bcl-2 family members, among others, play an important role.The Bcl-2 family of proteins regulate apoptosis as well as execute death signals at the mitochondrion. Members of this family include both pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins that hare homology sequences called Bcl-2 Homology domains (BH1-4) which mediate dimmer formation. The BH3 proteins, such as BID, NOXA, PUMA, BIK, BIM and BAD are all pro-apoptotic and share sequence homology within the amphipathic alpha-helical BH3 region, which is required for their apoptotic function. They may trigger release of death-inducing molecules such as Cytochrome C, Smac, and endonuclease G. Anti-apoptotic family members, including Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, play inhibitory roles. Bcl-2 family proteins may form homodimers or heterodimers between pro- and anti-apoptotic members, the ratios of which determine the cell fate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Purified\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.08 ml","offer_id":53042873074029,"sku":"F42825-0.08ML","price":205.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.4 ml","offer_id":53042955321709,"sku":"F42825-0.4ML","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_dbedefca-780e-43b1-b75b-08e871e54f69.jpg?v=1771923693"},{"product_id":"baff-receptor-antibody-bha17100645","title":"BAFF Receptor Antibody","description":"\u003cp\u003eB cell-activating factor (BAFF) enhances B-cell survival in vitro and is a regulator of the peripheral B-cell population. Overexpression of Baff in mice results in mature B-cell hyperplasia and symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Also, some SLE patients have increased levels of BAFF in serum. Therefore, it has been proposed that abnormally high levels of BAFF may contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by enhancing the survival of autoreactive B cells. The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for BAFF and is a type III transmembrane protein containing a single extracellular cysteine-rich domain. It is thought that this receptor is the principal receptor required for BAFF-mediated mature B-cell survival.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.08 ml","offer_id":53042875400557,"sku":"F43462-0.08ML","price":205.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.4 ml","offer_id":53042957713773,"sku":"F43462-0.4ML","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_c3376188-39f0-446b-aa69-b1e834ce2038.jpg?v=1771923711"},{"product_id":"bcma-antibody-bha17100825","title":"BCMA Antibody","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor is preferentially expressed in mature B lymphocytes, and may be important for B cell development and autoimmune response. This receptor has been shown to specifically bind to the tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 13b (TNFSF13B\/TALL-1\/BAFF), and to lead to NF-kappaB and MAPK8\/JNK activation. This receptor also binds to various TRAF family members, and thus may transduce signals for cell survival and proliferation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.08 ml","offer_id":53042882052461,"sku":"F44619-0.08ML","price":205.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.4 ml","offer_id":53042963448173,"sku":"F44619-0.4ML","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_00f088ea-a5df-49a5-b7d1-41619213fb84.jpg?v=1771923748"},{"product_id":"nkx2-5-antibody-bha17100892","title":"NKX2.5 Antibody","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis gene encodes a homeobox-containing transcription factor. This transcription factor functions in heart formation and development. Mutations in this gene cause atrial septal defect with atrioventricular conduction defect, and also tetralogy of Fallot, which are both heart malformation diseases. Mutations in this gene can also cause congenital hypothyroidism non-goitrous type 5, a non-autoimmune condition. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.08 ml","offer_id":53042883101037,"sku":"F45607-0.08ML","price":205.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.4 ml","offer_id":53042965643629,"sku":"F45607-0.4ML","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_30c3a09e-4a3f-4971-8363-5c300be812a4.jpg?v=1771923756"},{"product_id":"nfkb2-antibody-bha17101034","title":"NFKB2 Antibody","description":"\u003cp\u003eNF-kappa-B has been detected in numerous cell types that express cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, cell adhesion molecules, and some acute phase proteins in health and in various disease states. NF-kappa-B is activated by a wide variety of stimuli, such as cytokines, oxidant-free radicals, inhaled particles, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial or viral products. Inappropriate activation of NF-kappa-B has been linked to inflammatory events associated with autoimmune arthritis, asthma, septic shock, lung fibrosis, glomerulonephritis, atherosclerosis, and AIDS. In contrast, complete and persistent inhibition of NF-kappa-B has been linked directly to apoptosis, inappropriate immune cell development, and delayed cell growth. NFKB1 (MIM 164011) and NFKB2 encode p105 and p100 proteins that are processed to produce the active p50 and p52 NF-kappa-B subunits, respectively. However, the p100 and p105 proteins serve regulatory functions and should not be considered exclusively as precursor forms. The most abundant activated form of NF-kappa-B is a heterodimer of the p50 or p52 subunit bound to the RELA subunit (MIM 164014). Other NF-kappa-B complexes, consisting of hetero- and homodimers of p50, p52, RELA, REL (MIM 164910), and RELB (MIM 604758), have also been detected. NF-kappa-B complexes are inhibited by I-kappa-B proteins, NFKBIA (MIM 164008) or NFKBIB (MIM 604495), which inactivate NF-kappa-B by trapping it in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of serine residues on the I-kappa-B proteins by the kinases IKBKA (CHUK; MIM 600664) or IKBKB (MIM 603258) marks them for destruction via the ubiquitination pathway, thereby allowing activation of the NF-kappa-B complex. The activated NF-kappa-B complex translocates into the nucleus and binds DNA at kappa-B-binding motifs, such as 5-prime GGGRNNYYCC 3-prime or 5-prime HGGARNYYCC 3-prime (where H is A, C, or T; R is an A or G purine; and Y is a C or T pyrimidine). For reviews, see Chen et al. (1999) [PubMed 9895331] and Baldwin (1996) [PubMed 8717528].\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePredicted species reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mouse\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.08 ml","offer_id":53042888016237,"sku":"F47541-0.08ML","price":205.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.4 ml","offer_id":53042970263917,"sku":"F47541-0.4ML","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_9048b20d-7604-4758-b115-53aa2e6be47d.jpg?v=1771923778"},{"product_id":"hsp60-antibody-hspd1-bha17101562","title":"HSP60 Antibody \/ HSPD1","description":"\u003cp\u003eHsp60 is a member of a highly conserved family which includes molecular chaperones from several species such as plant Hsp60 (known as Rubisco binding protein), GroEL, the E.coli Hsp60 and 65 kDa major antigen of mycobacteria. In eukaryotes, Hsp60 is localized in the mitochondrial matrix and in plants Hsp60 is localized in the chloroplast. Mitochondria, chloroplasts and bacteria have a common ancestry (\u0026gt;1 billion years) and this fact together with the high degree of homology between the divegent Hsp60s would indicate that these proteins carry out a primitive but important function which is similar to all of these different species.The common characteristics of the Hsp60s from the divergent species are i) high abundance, ii) induction with environmental stress such as heat shock, iii) homo oligomeric structures of either 7 or 14 subunits which reversibly dissociate in the presence of magnesium ions and ATP, iv) ATPase activity and v) a role in folding and assembly of oligomeric protein structures. These similarities are supported by recent studies where the single ring human mitochondrial homolog, Hsp60 with its co chaperonin, Hsp10 were expressed in a E. coli strain, engineered so that the groE operon is under strict regulatory control. This study has demonstrated that expression of Hsp60-Hsp10 was able to carry out all essential in vivo functions of GroEL and its co chaperonin, GroES. Consistent with their functions as chaperones, Hsp60 and Hsp10 have been suggested to act as docking molecules with a passive role in the maturation of caspase processing. Data demonstrates that recombinant Hsp60 and Hsp10 have been shown to accelerate the activation of procaspase 3 by cytochrome c and dATP in an ATP dependent manner. Hsps are intracellular proteins which are thought to serve protective functions against infection and cellular stress, however several recent studies indicate that members of the Hsp60 family are linked to a number of autoimmune diseases, artherosclerosis and chlamydial disease.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Purified\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLocalization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cytoplasmic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.08 ml","offer_id":53042903220589,"sku":"F49879-0.08ML","price":205.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.4 ml","offer_id":53042985697645,"sku":"F49879-0.4ML","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_1e302b76-dcc5-4288-a528-311d6a6a7782.jpg?v=1771923866"},{"product_id":"il-23-antibody-p19-alpha-subunit-bha17102605","title":"IL-23 Antibody (p19\/alpha subunit)","description":"\u003cp\u003eAssociates with IL12B to form the IL-23 interleukin, a heterodimeric cytokine which functions in innate and adaptive immunity. IL-23 may constitute with IL-17 an acute response to infection in peripheral tissues. IL-23 binds to a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of IL12RB1 and IL23R, activates the Jak- Stat signaling cascade, stimulates memory rather than naive T- cells and promotes production of proinflammatory cytokines. IL-23 induces autoimmune inflammation and thus may be responsible for autoimmune inflammatory diseases and may be important for tumorigenesis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePredicted species reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.05 ml","offer_id":53042936349037,"sku":"F53999-0.05ML","price":205.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.2 ml","offer_id":53043016565101,"sku":"F53999-0.2ML","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_01faba27-2704-4585-a79c-e058d54919c8.jpg?v=1771924039"},{"product_id":"mmp12-antibody-bha17102772","title":"MMP12 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMMP12 antibody supplied as a purified reagent for WB, IHC-P, IF in Human, Mouse samples. This product is a polyclonal (rabbit origin) antibody (host: Rabbit; isotype: Rabbit Ig) intended for research use only.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Polyclonal (rabbit origin); host Rabbit; isotype Rabbit Ig.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat and purification:\u003c\/strong\u003e format: Purified; purity: Antigen affinity purified.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity (reported):\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications (listed):\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC-P, IF.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e A portion of amino acids 391-420 from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the MMP12 antibody..\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese attributes help you align the antibody with the biological question (target state, sample type, and readout) while keeping interpretation grounded in appropriate controls.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMMP12 is the intended antigen for this primary antibody. Reported biological context includes: Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMPs are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpatial and single-cell approaches: imaging-based and cytometry workflows increasingly quantify heterogeneity and relocalization rather than only bulk abundance.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eInteraction-centric biology: IP-based enrichment and proteomics are widely used to define complexes, binding partners, and context-specific interactomes.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eWestern blot (WB): compare relative abundance\/isoform patterns across conditions and sample types; band shifts may reflect processing or post-translational modification.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIHC-P: commonly used to measure relative target levels or localization changes in the context of the experimental question.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eImmunofluorescence (IF): visualize localization and co-localization patterns in cells or tissues.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcross these readouts, differences in signal intensity, localization, or complex enrichment are typically interpreted alongside sample-matched controls and independent evidence to distinguish regulation from technical variation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIsoforms, cleavage products, or post-translational modifications can alter apparent molecular weight and subcellular distribution; interpret bands and staining patterns in the context of expected biology and sample preparation.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpecies differences and epitope conservation may affect binding; use matched positive controls and orthogonal evidence when comparing across organisms.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eControl concepts: include appropriate isotype and secondary-only controls (for imaging), and consider genetic perturbations (knockout\/knockdown\/overexpression) or independent antibodies targeting distinct epitopes to strengthen conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpitope context is defined by the immunogen description; when available, align this with known domains, PTM sites, or family homology to anticipate potential cross-reactivity patterns. As a polyclonal antibody, recognition spans multiple epitopes, which can improve detection across conformations but may broaden background depending on sample context.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB entry (P39900) — UniProt Consortium — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P39900\/entry - NCBI Gene search (MMP12) — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=MMP12 - Ensembl search (MMP12) — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=MMP12 - PubMed search (MMP12) — NLM — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=MMP12 - Reactome pathway search (MMP12) — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/content\/query?q=MMP12 --\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.08 ml","offer_id":53043215958381,"sku":"F54299-0.08ML","price":205.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.4 ml","offer_id":53043614187885,"sku":"F54299-0.4ML","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_13bb83b5-ab40-411b-90b8-5aad814aed73.jpg?v=1771934142"},{"product_id":"hyaluronan-synthase-2-antibody-has2-bha17102985","title":"Hyaluronan synthase 2 Antibody \/ HAS2","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eHyaluronan synthase 2 antibody supplied as a purified reagent for WB, IHC-P, FACS in Human, Mouse samples. This product is a polyclonal (rabbit origin) antibody (host: Rabbit; isotype: Rabbit IgG) intended for research use only.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Polyclonal (rabbit origin); host Rabbit; isotype Rabbit IgG.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat and purification:\u003c\/strong\u003e format: Purified; purity: Antigen affinity purified.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity (reported):\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications (listed):\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC-P, FACS.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e A portion of amino acids 138-166 from the human protein was used as the immunogen for the Hyaluronan synthase 2 antibody..\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese attributes help you align the antibody with the biological question (target state, sample type, and readout) while keeping interpretation grounded in appropriate controls.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eHyaluronan synthase 2 is the intended antigen for this primary antibody. Reported biological context includes: Hyaluronan or hyaluronic acid (HA) is a high molecular weight unbranched polysaccharide synthesized by a wide variety of organisms from bacteria to mammals, and is a constituent of the extracellular matrix. It consists of alternating glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine residues that are linked by beta-1-3 and beta-1-4 glycosidic bonds.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003ePerturbation and chemical biology: acetylation\/deacetylation pathways are frequently interrogated with inhibitors and genetic perturbations to separate direct regulation from adaptive responses.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpatial and single-cell approaches: imaging-based and cytometry workflows increasingly quantify heterogeneity and relocalization rather than only bulk abundance.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eInteraction-centric biology: IP-based enrichment and proteomics are widely used to define complexes, binding partners, and context-specific interactomes.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eWestern blot (WB): compare relative abundance\/isoform patterns across conditions and sample types; band shifts may reflect processing or post-translational modification.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIHC-P: commonly used to measure relative target levels or localization changes in the context of the experimental question.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eFACS: commonly used to measure relative target levels or localization changes in the context of the experimental question.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcross these readouts, differences in signal intensity, localization, or complex enrichment are typically interpreted alongside sample-matched controls and independent evidence to distinguish regulation from technical variation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIsoforms, cleavage products, or post-translational modifications can alter apparent molecular weight and subcellular distribution; interpret bands and staining patterns in the context of expected biology and sample preparation.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpecies differences and epitope conservation may affect binding; use matched positive controls and orthogonal evidence when comparing across organisms.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eControl concepts: include appropriate isotype and secondary-only controls (for imaging), and consider genetic perturbations (knockout\/knockdown\/overexpression) or independent antibodies targeting distinct epitopes to strengthen conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpitope context is defined by the immunogen description; when available, align this with known domains, PTM sites, or family homology to anticipate potential cross-reactivity patterns. As a polyclonal antibody, recognition spans multiple epitopes, which can improve detection across conformations but may broaden background depending on sample context.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB entry (Q92819) — UniProt Consortium — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q92819\/entry - NCBI Gene search (Hyaluronan synthase 2) — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=Hyaluronan+synthase+2 - Ensembl search (Hyaluronan synthase 2) — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=Hyaluronan+synthase+2 - PubMed search (Hyaluronan synthase 2) — NLM — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Hyaluronan+synthase+2 - Reactome pathway search (Hyaluronan synthase 2) — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/content\/query?q=Hyaluronan+synthase+2 --\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.05 ml","offer_id":53043224052077,"sku":"F54515-0.05ML","price":205.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.2 ml","offer_id":53043628278125,"sku":"F54515-0.2ML","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_f6c0d4fe-0405-4bae-80c6-7924b6da90ac.jpg?v=1771934204"},{"product_id":"mmp2-antibody-bha17102990","title":"MMP2 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMMP2 antibody supplied as a purified reagent for WB, IHC-P, IF in Human samples. This product is a monoclonal (mouse origin) antibody (host: Mouse; isotype: IgG2b, kappa) intended for research use only.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Monoclonal (mouse origin); host Mouse; isotype IgG2b, kappa; clone 6E3F8.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat and purification:\u003c\/strong\u003e format: Purified; purity: Protein G affinity.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity (reported):\u003c\/strong\u003e Human.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications (listed):\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC-P, IF.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Recombinant human protein was used as the immunogen for the MMP2 antibody..\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese attributes help you align the antibody with the biological question (target state, sample type, and readout) while keeping interpretation grounded in appropriate controls.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMMP2 is the intended antigen for this primary antibody. Reported biological context includes: Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMP's are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpatial and single-cell approaches: imaging-based and cytometry workflows increasingly quantify heterogeneity and relocalization rather than only bulk abundance.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eInteraction-centric biology: IP-based enrichment and proteomics are widely used to define complexes, binding partners, and context-specific interactomes.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eWestern blot (WB): compare relative abundance\/isoform patterns across conditions and sample types; band shifts may reflect processing or post-translational modification.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIHC-P: commonly used to measure relative target levels or localization changes in the context of the experimental question.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eImmunofluorescence (IF): visualize localization and co-localization patterns in cells or tissues.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcross these readouts, differences in signal intensity, localization, or complex enrichment are typically interpreted alongside sample-matched controls and independent evidence to distinguish regulation from technical variation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIsoforms, cleavage products, or post-translational modifications can alter apparent molecular weight and subcellular distribution; interpret bands and staining patterns in the context of expected biology and sample preparation.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpecies differences and epitope conservation may affect binding; use matched positive controls and orthogonal evidence when comparing across organisms.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eControl concepts: include appropriate isotype and secondary-only controls (for imaging), and consider genetic perturbations (knockout\/knockdown\/overexpression) or independent antibodies targeting distinct epitopes to strengthen conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpitope context is defined by the immunogen description; when available, align this with known domains, PTM sites, or family homology to anticipate potential cross-reactivity patterns. As a monoclonal antibody, binding is driven by a single epitope, which can support consistent recognition but may be sensitive to epitope masking by PTMs or conformational changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB entry (P08253) — UniProt Consortium — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P08253\/entry - NCBI Gene search (MMP2) — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=MMP2 - Ensembl search (MMP2) — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=MMP2 - PubMed search (MMP2) — NLM — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=MMP2 - Reactome pathway search (MMP2) — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/content\/query?q=MMP2 --\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.08 ml","offer_id":53043225461101,"sku":"F54520-0.08ML","price":205.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.4 ml","offer_id":53043627983213,"sku":"F54520-0.4ML","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_2bba1c96-88cb-45b0-863f-c0dd651da1f2.jpg?v=1771934207"},{"product_id":"c1qc-antibody-bha17103093","title":"C1QC Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eC1QC antibody supplied as a purified reagent for IF, FACS, IHC-P, WB in Human samples. This product is a polyclonal (rabbit origin) antibody (host: Rabbit; isotype: Rabbit Ig) intended for research use only.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Polyclonal (rabbit origin); host Rabbit; isotype Rabbit Ig.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat and purification:\u003c\/strong\u003e format: Purified; purity: Antigen affinity purified.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity (reported):\u003c\/strong\u003e Human.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications (listed):\u003c\/strong\u003e IF, FACS, IHC-P, WB.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e A portion of amino acids 93-120 from the human protein was used as the immunogen for the C1QC antibody..\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese attributes help you align the antibody with the biological question (target state, sample type, and readout) while keeping interpretation grounded in appropriate controls.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eC1QC is the intended antigen for this primary antibody. Reported biological context includes: This gene encodes a major constituent of the human complement subcomponent C1q. C1q associates with C1r and C1s in order to yield the first component of the serum complement system.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpatial and single-cell approaches: imaging-based and cytometry workflows increasingly quantify heterogeneity and relocalization rather than only bulk abundance.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eInteraction-centric biology: IP-based enrichment and proteomics are widely used to define complexes, binding partners, and context-specific interactomes.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eImmunofluorescence (IF): visualize localization and co-localization patterns in cells or tissues.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eFACS: commonly used to measure relative target levels or localization changes in the context of the experimental question.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIHC-P: commonly used to measure relative target levels or localization changes in the context of the experimental question.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eWestern blot (WB): compare relative abundance\/isoform patterns across conditions and sample types; band shifts may reflect processing or post-translational modification.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcross these readouts, differences in signal intensity, localization, or complex enrichment are typically interpreted alongside sample-matched controls and independent evidence to distinguish regulation from technical variation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIsoforms, cleavage products, or post-translational modifications can alter apparent molecular weight and subcellular distribution; interpret bands and staining patterns in the context of expected biology and sample preparation.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpecies differences and epitope conservation may affect binding; use matched positive controls and orthogonal evidence when comparing across organisms.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eControl concepts: include appropriate isotype and secondary-only controls (for imaging), and consider genetic perturbations (knockout\/knockdown\/overexpression) or independent antibodies targeting distinct epitopes to strengthen conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpitope context is defined by the immunogen description; when available, align this with known domains, PTM sites, or family homology to anticipate potential cross-reactivity patterns. As a polyclonal antibody, recognition spans multiple epitopes, which can improve detection across conformations but may broaden background depending on sample context.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB entry (P02747) — UniProt Consortium — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P02747\/entry - NCBI Gene search (C1QC) — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=C1QC - Ensembl search (C1QC) — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=C1QC - PubMed search (C1QC) — NLM — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=C1QC - Reactome pathway search (C1QC) — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/content\/query?q=C1QC --\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.08 ml","offer_id":53043227427181,"sku":"F54626-0.08ML","price":205.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.4 ml","offer_id":53043635847533,"sku":"F54626-0.4ML","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_5a34517c-2d72-4449-8007-e9408793218a.jpg?v=1771934240"},{"product_id":"ficolin-3-antibody-fcn3-bha17103118","title":"Ficolin 3 Antibody \/ FCN3","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFicolin 3 antibody supplied as a purified reagent for FACS, IHC-P, WB in Human samples. This product is a polyclonal (rabbit origin) antibody (host: Rabbit; isotype: Rabbit Ig) intended for research use only.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Polyclonal (rabbit origin); host Rabbit; isotype Rabbit Ig.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat and purification:\u003c\/strong\u003e format: Purified; purity: Antigen affinity purified.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity (reported):\u003c\/strong\u003e Human.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications (listed):\u003c\/strong\u003e FACS, IHC-P, WB.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e A portion of amino acids 214-243 from the human protein was used as the immunogen for the Ficolin 3 antibody..\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese attributes help you align the antibody with the biological question (target state, sample type, and readout) while keeping interpretation grounded in appropriate controls.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFicolin 3 is the intended antigen for this primary antibody. Reported biological context includes: Ficolins are a group of proteins which consist of a collagen-like domain and a fibrinogen-like domain. In human serum, there are two types of ficolins, both of which have lectin activity.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpatial and single-cell approaches: imaging-based and cytometry workflows increasingly quantify heterogeneity and relocalization rather than only bulk abundance.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eInteraction-centric biology: IP-based enrichment and proteomics are widely used to define complexes, binding partners, and context-specific interactomes.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eFACS: commonly used to measure relative target levels or localization changes in the context of the experimental question.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIHC-P: commonly used to measure relative target levels or localization changes in the context of the experimental question.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eWestern blot (WB): compare relative abundance\/isoform patterns across conditions and sample types; band shifts may reflect processing or post-translational modification.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcross these readouts, differences in signal intensity, localization, or complex enrichment are typically interpreted alongside sample-matched controls and independent evidence to distinguish regulation from technical variation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIsoforms, cleavage products, or post-translational modifications can alter apparent molecular weight and subcellular distribution; interpret bands and staining patterns in the context of expected biology and sample preparation.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpecies differences and epitope conservation may affect binding; use matched positive controls and orthogonal evidence when comparing across organisms.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eControl concepts: include appropriate isotype and secondary-only controls (for imaging), and consider genetic perturbations (knockout\/knockdown\/overexpression) or independent antibodies targeting distinct epitopes to strengthen conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpitope context is defined by the immunogen description; when available, align this with known domains, PTM sites, or family homology to anticipate potential cross-reactivity patterns. As a polyclonal antibody, recognition spans multiple epitopes, which can improve detection across conformations but may broaden background depending on sample context.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB entry (O75636) — UniProt Consortium — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/O75636\/entry - NCBI Gene search (Ficolin 3) — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=Ficolin+3 - Ensembl search (Ficolin 3) — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=Ficolin+3 - PubMed search (Ficolin 3) — NLM — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Ficolin+3 - Reactome pathway search (Ficolin 3) — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/content\/query?q=Ficolin+3 --\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.08 ml","offer_id":53043228442989,"sku":"F54652-0.08ML","price":205.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.4 ml","offer_id":53043639648621,"sku":"F54652-0.4ML","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_bde161bf-34a3-4700-a175-1eaebe29bced.jpg?v=1771934248"},{"product_id":"collagenase-3-antibody-mmp13-bha17103304","title":"Collagenase 3 Antibody \/ MMP13","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollagenase 3 antibody supplied as a purified reagent for IHC-P, WB in Human samples. This product is a polyclonal (rabbit origin) antibody (host: Rabbit; isotype: Rabbit Ig) intended for research use only.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Polyclonal (rabbit origin); host Rabbit; isotype Rabbit Ig.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat and purification:\u003c\/strong\u003e format: Purified; purity: Purified.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity (reported):\u003c\/strong\u003e Human.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications (listed):\u003c\/strong\u003e IHC-P, WB.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e A portion of amino acids 295-324 from the human protein was used as the immunogen for the Collagenase 3 antibody..\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese attributes help you align the antibody with the biological question (target state, sample type, and readout) while keeping interpretation grounded in appropriate controls.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollagenase 3 is the intended antigen for this primary antibody. Reported biological context includes: Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development,reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMPs are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpatial and single-cell approaches: imaging-based and cytometry workflows increasingly quantify heterogeneity and relocalization rather than only bulk abundance.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eInteraction-centric biology: IP-based enrichment and proteomics are widely used to define complexes, binding partners, and context-specific interactomes.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIHC-P: commonly used to measure relative target levels or localization changes in the context of the experimental question.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eWestern blot (WB): compare relative abundance\/isoform patterns across conditions and sample types; band shifts may reflect processing or post-translational modification.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcross these readouts, differences in signal intensity, localization, or complex enrichment are typically interpreted alongside sample-matched controls and independent evidence to distinguish regulation from technical variation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIsoforms, cleavage products, or post-translational modifications can alter apparent molecular weight and subcellular distribution; interpret bands and staining patterns in the context of expected biology and sample preparation.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpecies differences and epitope conservation may affect binding; use matched positive controls and orthogonal evidence when comparing across organisms.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eControl concepts: include appropriate isotype and secondary-only controls (for imaging), and consider genetic perturbations (knockout\/knockdown\/overexpression) or independent antibodies targeting distinct epitopes to strengthen conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpitope context is defined by the immunogen description; when available, align this with known domains, PTM sites, or family homology to anticipate potential cross-reactivity patterns. As a polyclonal antibody, recognition spans multiple epitopes, which can improve detection across conformations but may broaden background depending on sample context.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB entry (P45452) — UniProt Consortium — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P45452\/entry - NCBI Gene search (Collagenase 3) — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=Collagenase+3 - Ensembl search (Collagenase 3) — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=Collagenase+3 - PubMed search (Collagenase 3) — NLM — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Collagenase+3 - Reactome pathway search (Collagenase 3) — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/content\/query?q=Collagenase+3 --\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.08 ml","offer_id":53043234046317,"sku":"F54843-0.08ML","price":205.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.4 ml","offer_id":53043651281261,"sku":"F54843-0.4ML","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_aaaa5de2-002e-45ae-b4d0-aba0223890cb.jpg?v=1771934299"},{"product_id":"mmp14-antibody-bha17103305","title":"MMP14 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMMP14 antibody supplied as a purified reagent for WB, FACS, IHC-P in Human, Mouse, Rat samples. This product is a polyclonal (rabbit origin) antibody (host: Rabbit; isotype: Rabbit Ig) intended for research use only. The target is commonly annotated with cytoplasmic localization context, which may inform staining patterns.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Polyclonal (rabbit origin); host Rabbit; isotype Rabbit Ig.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat and purification:\u003c\/strong\u003e format: Purified; purity: Antigen affinity purified.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity (reported):\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications (listed):\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, FACS, IHC-P.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e A portion of amino acids 145-174 from the human protein was used as the immunogen for the MMP14 antibody..\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLocalization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cytoplasmic (annotation-level guidance; cell state and isoforms can shift patterns).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese attributes help you align the antibody with the biological question (target state, sample type, and readout) while keeping interpretation grounded in appropriate controls.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMMP14 is the intended antigen for this primary antibody. Reported biological context includes: Proteins of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family are involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and tissue remodeling, as well as in disease processes, such as arthritis and metastasis. Most MMPs are secreted as inactive proproteins which are activated when cleaved by extracellular proteinases. Subcellular localization information (Cytoplasmic) can be useful when interpreting IF\/ICC patterns and selecting compartment-enriched lysates for WB.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpatial and single-cell approaches: imaging-based and cytometry workflows increasingly quantify heterogeneity and relocalization rather than only bulk abundance.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eInteraction-centric biology: IP-based enrichment and proteomics are widely used to define complexes, binding partners, and context-specific interactomes.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eWestern blot (WB): compare relative abundance\/isoform patterns across conditions and sample types; band shifts may reflect processing or post-translational modification.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eFACS: commonly used to measure relative target levels or localization changes in the context of the experimental question.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIHC-P: commonly used to measure relative target levels or localization changes in the context of the experimental question.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcross these readouts, differences in signal intensity, localization, or complex enrichment are typically interpreted alongside sample-matched controls and independent evidence to distinguish regulation from technical variation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIsoforms, cleavage products, or post-translational modifications can alter apparent molecular weight and subcellular distribution; interpret bands and staining patterns in the context of expected biology and sample preparation.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpecies differences and epitope conservation may affect binding; use matched positive controls and orthogonal evidence when comparing across organisms.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eControl concepts: include appropriate isotype and secondary-only controls (for imaging), and consider genetic perturbations (knockout\/knockdown\/overexpression) or independent antibodies targeting distinct epitopes to strengthen conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpitope context is defined by the immunogen description; when available, align this with known domains, PTM sites, or family homology to anticipate potential cross-reactivity patterns. As a polyclonal antibody, recognition spans multiple epitopes, which can improve detection across conformations but may broaden background depending on sample context.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB entry (P50281) — UniProt Consortium — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P50281\/entry - NCBI Gene search (MMP14) — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=MMP14 - Ensembl search (MMP14) — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=MMP14 - PubMed search (MMP14) — NLM — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=MMP14 - Reactome pathway search (MMP14) — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/content\/query?q=MMP14 --\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.08 ml","offer_id":53043234668909,"sku":"F54844-0.08ML","price":205.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.4 ml","offer_id":53043651379565,"sku":"F54844-0.4ML","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_d0314b9d-948e-49ee-b169-16522a25a7df.jpg?v=1771934296"},{"product_id":"calreticulin-antibody-calr-bha17103358","title":"Calreticulin Antibody \/ CALR","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalreticulin antibody supplied as a purified reagent for WB, FACS, IHC-P in Human, Rat samples. This product is a polyclonal (rabbit origin) antibody (host: Rabbit; isotype: Rabbit Ig) intended for research use only. The target is commonly annotated with cytoplasmic localization context, which may inform staining patterns.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Polyclonal (rabbit origin); host Rabbit; isotype Rabbit Ig.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat and purification:\u003c\/strong\u003e format: Purified; purity: Antigen affinity purified.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity (reported):\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Rat.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications (listed):\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, FACS, IHC-P.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Recombinant human protein was used as the immunogen for the Calreticulin antibody..\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLocalization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cytoplasmic (annotation-level guidance; cell state and isoforms can shift patterns).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese attributes help you align the antibody with the biological question (target state, sample type, and readout) while keeping interpretation grounded in appropriate controls.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalreticulin is the intended antigen for this primary antibody. Reported biological context includes: Calreticulin is a multifunctional protein that acts as a major Ca(2+)-binding (storage) protein in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. It is also found in the nucleus, suggesting that it may have a role in transcription regulation. Subcellular localization information (Cytoplasmic) can be useful when interpreting IF\/ICC patterns and selecting compartment-enriched lysates for WB.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpatial and single-cell approaches: imaging-based and cytometry workflows increasingly quantify heterogeneity and relocalization rather than only bulk abundance.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eInteraction-centric biology: IP-based enrichment and proteomics are widely used to define complexes, binding partners, and context-specific interactomes.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eWestern blot (WB): compare relative abundance\/isoform patterns across conditions and sample types; band shifts may reflect processing or post-translational modification.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eFACS: commonly used to measure relative target levels or localization changes in the context of the experimental question.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIHC-P: commonly used to measure relative target levels or localization changes in the context of the experimental question.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcross these readouts, differences in signal intensity, localization, or complex enrichment are typically interpreted alongside sample-matched controls and independent evidence to distinguish regulation from technical variation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIsoforms, cleavage products, or post-translational modifications can alter apparent molecular weight and subcellular distribution; interpret bands and staining patterns in the context of expected biology and sample preparation.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpecies differences and epitope conservation may affect binding; use matched positive controls and orthogonal evidence when comparing across organisms.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eControl concepts: include appropriate isotype and secondary-only controls (for imaging), and consider genetic perturbations (knockout\/knockdown\/overexpression) or independent antibodies targeting distinct epitopes to strengthen conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpitope context is defined by the immunogen description; when available, align this with known domains, PTM sites, or family homology to anticipate potential cross-reactivity patterns. As a polyclonal antibody, recognition spans multiple epitopes, which can improve detection across conformations but may broaden background depending on sample context.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB entry (P27797) — UniProt Consortium — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P27797\/entry - NCBI Gene search (Calreticulin) — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=Calreticulin - Ensembl search (Calreticulin) — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=Calreticulin - PubMed search (Calreticulin) — NLM — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Calreticulin - Reactome pathway search (Calreticulin) — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/content\/query?q=Calreticulin --\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.08 ml","offer_id":53043236241773,"sku":"F54897-0.08ML","price":205.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.4 ml","offer_id":53043654656365,"sku":"F54897-0.4ML","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_2feb42cb-929b-4bf2-9dcf-401cb8fd5ca1.jpg?v=1771934317"},{"product_id":"ankh-antibody-bha17103501","title":"ANKH Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eANKH antibody supplied as a purified reagent for FACS, IHC-P, WB in Human, Mouse samples. This product is a polyclonal (rabbit origin) antibody (host: Rabbit; isotype: Rabbit IgG) intended for research use only.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Polyclonal (rabbit origin); host Rabbit; isotype Rabbit IgG.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat and purification:\u003c\/strong\u003e format: Purified; purity: Antigen affinity purified.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity (reported):\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications (listed):\u003c\/strong\u003e FACS, IHC-P, WB.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e A portion of amino acids 464-492 from the human protein was used as the immunogen for the ANKH antibody..\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese attributes help you align the antibody with the biological question (target state, sample type, and readout) while keeping interpretation grounded in appropriate controls.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eANKH is the intended antigen for this primary antibody. Reported biological context includes: ANKH is a multipass transmembrane protein that is expressed in joints and other tissues and controls pyrophosphate levels in cultured cells. Progressive ankylosis-mediated control of pyrophosphate levels has been suggested as a possible mechanism regulating tissue calcification and susceptibility to arthritis in higher animals.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpatial and single-cell approaches: imaging-based and cytometry workflows increasingly quantify heterogeneity and relocalization rather than only bulk abundance.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eInteraction-centric biology: IP-based enrichment and proteomics are widely used to define complexes, binding partners, and context-specific interactomes.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eFACS: commonly used to measure relative target levels or localization changes in the context of the experimental question.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIHC-P: commonly used to measure relative target levels or localization changes in the context of the experimental question.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eWestern blot (WB): compare relative abundance\/isoform patterns across conditions and sample types; band shifts may reflect processing or post-translational modification.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcross these readouts, differences in signal intensity, localization, or complex enrichment are typically interpreted alongside sample-matched controls and independent evidence to distinguish regulation from technical variation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIsoforms, cleavage products, or post-translational modifications can alter apparent molecular weight and subcellular distribution; interpret bands and staining patterns in the context of expected biology and sample preparation.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpecies differences and epitope conservation may affect binding; use matched positive controls and orthogonal evidence when comparing across organisms.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eControl concepts: include appropriate isotype and secondary-only controls (for imaging), and consider genetic perturbations (knockout\/knockdown\/overexpression) or independent antibodies targeting distinct epitopes to strengthen conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpitope context is defined by the immunogen description; when available, align this with known domains, PTM sites, or family homology to anticipate potential cross-reactivity patterns. As a polyclonal antibody, recognition spans multiple epitopes, which can improve detection across conformations but may broaden background depending on sample context.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB entry (Q9HCJ1) — UniProt Consortium — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q9HCJ1\/entry - NCBI Gene search (ANKH) — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=ANKH - Ensembl search (ANKH) — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=ANKH - PubMed search (ANKH) — NLM — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=ANKH - Reactome pathway search (ANKH) — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/content\/query?q=ANKH --\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.08 ml","offer_id":53043240763757,"sku":"F55041-0.08ML","price":205.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"In 1X PBS, pH 7.4, with 0.09% sodium azide \/ 0.4 ml","offer_id":53043665535341,"sku":"F55041-0.4ML","price":439.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_6557849d-bac5-4d7a-a285-3447f7df8d05.jpg?v=1771934359"},{"product_id":"stat1-antibody-bha17104002","title":"STAT1 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSTAT1 antibody supplied as a antigen affinity purified reagent for WB, IF, FACS in Human, Mouse, Rat samples. This product is a polyclonal (rabbit origin) antibody (host: Rabbit; isotype: Rabbit IgG) intended for research use only.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Polyclonal (rabbit origin); host Rabbit; isotype Rabbit IgG.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat and purification:\u003c\/strong\u003e format: Antigen affinity purified; purity: Antigen affinity.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity (reported):\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications (listed):\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IF, FACS.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Amino acids 364-378 (FDKDVNERNTVKGFR-human) were used as the immunogen for this STAT1 antibody..\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese attributes help you align the antibody with the biological question (target state, sample type, and readout) while keeping interpretation grounded in appropriate controls.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSTAT1 is the intended antigen for this primary antibody. Reported biological context includes: Chen et al.(1998) determined the crystal structure of the DNA complex of a 67-kD core fragment of the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 homodimer, lacking only the N-domain and the C-terminal transcriptional activation domain, at 2.9-angstrom resolution. Phosphorylation of STAT1 was also decreased in rheumatoid arthritis lymphocytes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003ePost-translational modification mapping: phosphorylation-site–resolved antibodies are used to connect signaling inputs to target activation states and downstream readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpatial and single-cell approaches: imaging-based and cytometry workflows increasingly quantify heterogeneity and relocalization rather than only bulk abundance.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eInteraction-centric biology: IP-based enrichment and proteomics are widely used to define complexes, binding partners, and context-specific interactomes.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eWestern blot (WB): compare relative abundance\/isoform patterns across conditions and sample types; band shifts may reflect processing or post-translational modification.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eImmunofluorescence (IF): visualize localization and co-localization patterns in cells or tissues.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eFACS: commonly used to measure relative target levels or localization changes in the context of the experimental question.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcross these readouts, differences in signal intensity, localization, or complex enrichment are typically interpreted alongside sample-matched controls and independent evidence to distinguish regulation from technical variation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIsoforms, cleavage products, or post-translational modifications can alter apparent molecular weight and subcellular distribution; interpret bands and staining patterns in the context of expected biology and sample preparation.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eSpecies differences and epitope conservation may affect binding; use matched positive controls and orthogonal evidence when comparing across organisms.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eControl concepts: include appropriate isotype and secondary-only controls (for imaging), and consider genetic perturbations (knockout\/knockdown\/overexpression) or independent antibodies targeting distinct epitopes to strengthen conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpitope context is defined by the immunogen description; when available, align this with known domains, PTM sites, or family homology to anticipate potential cross-reactivity patterns. As a polyclonal antibody, recognition spans multiple epitopes, which can improve detection across conformations but may broaden background depending on sample context.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB entry (P42224) — UniProt Consortium — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P42224\/entry - NCBI Gene search (STAT1) — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=STAT1 - Ensembl search (STAT1) — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=STAT1 - PubMed search (STAT1) — NLM — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=STAT1 - Reactome pathway search (STAT1) — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/content\/query?q=STAT1 --\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53043257082221,"sku":"R30259","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_3ec42649-453a-4b6b-b6de-1a8fb9a5e5b1.jpg?v=1771934471"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/collections\/rc-immunology-autoimmune-disease.oembed?page=8","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}