{"title":"Complement \u0026 Innate Immunity","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"cd74-antibody-bha11900241","title":"CD74 Antibody","description":"\u003cp\u003eCD74, also known as the invariant chain, is a non-polymorphic type II transmembrane protein primarily recognized for its role as a chaperone for MHC class II molecules. It facilitates the proper folding, ER exit, and trafficking of MHC class II complexes to endosomal compartments, where it also contributes to peptide editing and antigen presentation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile traditionally associated with professional antigen-presenting cells, CD74 expression extends to non-immune cells under inflammatory conditions, including epithelial and neural cells. This broader expression pattern has important implications for neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disease.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBeyond its classical role, CD74 also functions as a high-affinity receptor for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis. CD74-MIF signaling activates downstream pathways involved in cell survival, immune activation, and neuroinflammation—key processes in the progression of neurodegeneration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eNotably, CD74 has a very short surface half-life (under 10 minutes), rapidly internalizing upon ligand binding. This property, combined with its restricted expression in healthy tissues, makes CD74 an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in both cancer and neuroinflammatory conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs a molecule at the intersection of immune regulation and neuronal health, CD74 is gaining recognition as a critical player in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"StressMarq Biosciences Inc.","offers":[{"title":"100 ug \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53040786407789,"sku":"SMC-116D","price":270.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ ATTO 390","offer_id":53040797974893,"sku":"SMC-116D-A390","price":325.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ ATTO 488","offer_id":53040798007661,"sku":"SMC-116D-A488","price":324.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ ATTO 594","offer_id":53040798040429,"sku":"SMC-116D-A594","price":324.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ APC","offer_id":53040798073197,"sku":"SMC-116D-APC","price":323.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ BI","offer_id":53040798105965,"sku":"SMC-116D-BI","price":320.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ FITC","offer_id":53040798138733,"sku":"SMC-116D-FITC","price":315.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ HRP","offer_id":53040798171501,"sku":"SMC-116D-HRP","price":310.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ PCP","offer_id":53040798204269,"sku":"SMC-116D-PCP","price":323.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ RPE","offer_id":53040798237037,"sku":"SMC-116D-RPE","price":321.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"12 ug \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53040798269805,"sku":"SMC-116S","price":45.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/SMC-116_CD74_Antibody_PIN-1-1_ICC-IF_Human_HeLa-Cells_100x_Composite.png?v=1771832138"},{"product_id":"cd74-antibody-bha11902386","title":"CD74 Antibody","description":"\u003cp\u003eCD74, also known as the invariant chain, is a non-polymorphic type II transmembrane protein primarily recognized for its role as a chaperone for MHC class II molecules. It facilitates the proper folding, ER exit, and trafficking of MHC class II complexes to endosomal compartments, where it also contributes to peptide editing and antigen presentation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhile traditionally associated with professional antigen-presenting cells, CD74 expression extends to non-immune cells under inflammatory conditions, including epithelial and neural cells. This broader expression pattern has important implications for neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disease.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBeyond its classical role, CD74 also functions as a high-affinity receptor for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis. CD74-MIF signaling activates downstream pathways involved in cell survival, immune activation, and neuroinflammation—key processes in the progression of neurodegeneration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eNotably, CD74 has a very short surface half-life (under 10 minutes), rapidly internalizing upon ligand binding. This property, combined with its restricted expression in healthy tissues, makes CD74 an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in both cancer and neuroinflammatory conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs a molecule at the intersection of immune regulation and neuronal health, CD74 is gaining recognition as a critical player in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"StressMarq Biosciences Inc.","offers":[{"title":"100 ug \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53040787489133,"sku":"SMC-267D","price":337.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ ATTO 390","offer_id":53040807674221,"sku":"SMC-267D-A390","price":392.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ ATTO 488","offer_id":53040807706989,"sku":"SMC-267D-A488","price":391.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ ATTO 594","offer_id":53040807739757,"sku":"SMC-267D-A594","price":391.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ APC","offer_id":53040807772525,"sku":"SMC-267D-APC","price":390.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ BI","offer_id":53040807805293,"sku":"SMC-267D-BI","price":386.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ FITC","offer_id":53040807838061,"sku":"SMC-267D-FITC","price":381.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ HRP","offer_id":53040807870829,"sku":"SMC-267D-HRP","price":377.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ PCP","offer_id":53040807903597,"sku":"SMC-267D-PCP","price":390.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ RPE","offer_id":53040807936365,"sku":"SMC-267D-RPE","price":388.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"12 ug \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53040807969133,"sku":"SMC-267S","price":45.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/SMC-267_CD74_Antibody_1B8_ICC-IF_Human_HeLa-Cells-Human-Cervical-Cancer_60X_Composite_1.png?v=1771832137"},{"product_id":"tlr4-antibody-bha11907376","title":"TLR4 Antibody","description":"\u003cp\u003eToll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a transmembrane pattern recognition receptor and a central component of the innate immune system. Structurally, TLR4 is defined by extracellular leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) and a cytoplasmic Toll\/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain, which mediates downstream signaling through adaptor proteins such as MyD88 and TRIF. Among the ten known human TLRs (TLR1–TLR10), TLR4 is one of the most extensively studied, particularly for its role in recognizing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn the central nervous system, TLR4 is expressed on microglia, astrocytes, and neurons, where it serves as a critical sensor of both pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Activation of TLR4 triggers pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, leading to the release of cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMounting evidence implicates TLR4 in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Chronic TLR4 activation contributes to sustained neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal loss. Moreover, TLR4 may mediate the brain’s response to misfolded proteins like amyloid-β and α-synuclein, linking innate immunity to proteinopathy-driven neurodegeneration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eGiven its dual role in host defense and neuroinflammatory signaling, TLR4 is a promising therapeutic target for modulating immune responses and mitigating neurodegenerative progression.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"StressMarq Biosciences Inc.","offers":[{"title":"100 ug \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53040793485677,"sku":"SPC-200D","price":301.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ ATTO 390","offer_id":53040873374061,"sku":"SPC-200D-A390","price":356.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ ATTO 488","offer_id":53040873406829,"sku":"SPC-200D-A488","price":355.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ ATTO 594","offer_id":53040873439597,"sku":"SPC-200D-A594","price":355.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ APC","offer_id":53040873472365,"sku":"SPC-200D-APC","price":354.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ BI","offer_id":53040873505133,"sku":"SPC-200D-BI","price":350.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ FITC","offer_id":53040873537901,"sku":"SPC-200D-FITC","price":346.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ HRP","offer_id":53040873570669,"sku":"SPC-200D-HRP","price":341.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ PCP","offer_id":53040873603437,"sku":"SPC-200D-PCP","price":354.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ RPE","offer_id":53040873636205,"sku":"SPC-200D-RPE","price":351.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"12 ug \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53040873668973,"sku":"SPC-200S","price":45.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/SPC-200_TLR4_Antibody_IHC_Mouse_colon-colitis_1.png?v=1771832158"},{"product_id":"ccr2-antibody-bha11909306","title":"CCR2 Antibody","description":"\u003cp\u003eC-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays a pivotal role in regulating immune cell trafficking and neuroinflammatory responses. In the central nervous system (CNS), CCR2 is expressed on monocytes, microglia, and neurons, where it mediates the recruitment of immune cells in response to injury or disease.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eCCR2 activation facilitates the infiltration of monocytes into the brain and spinal cord, contributing to both protective and pathological outcomes. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), CCR2 signaling influences microglial activation, cytokine release, and the clearance of neurotoxic proteins. While CCR2-mediated immune responses can support tissue repair and amyloid-beta clearance, chronic activation may exacerbate inflammation and neuronal damage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe dual role of CCR2 in neuroprotection and neurotoxicity makes it a compelling target for therapeutic intervention. Inhibiting CCR2 signaling may reduce harmful inflammation, while enhancing its function could promote immune-mediated clearance of pathological aggregates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAs a key regulator of immune dynamics in the brain, CCR2 is a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in the development of disease-modifying treatments for neurodegenerative disorders. Its modulation offers a strategic approach to balancing immune surveillance with neuroprotection.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"StressMarq Biosciences Inc.","offers":[{"title":"100 ug \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53040794665325,"sku":"SPC-704D","price":338.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ ATTO 390","offer_id":53040887923053,"sku":"SPC-704D-A390","price":393.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ ATTO 488","offer_id":53040887955821,"sku":"SPC-704D-A488","price":392.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ ATTO 594","offer_id":53040887988589,"sku":"SPC-704D-A594","price":392.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ APC","offer_id":53040888021357,"sku":"SPC-704D-APC","price":391.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ BI","offer_id":53040888054125,"sku":"SPC-704D-BI","price":388.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ FITC","offer_id":53040888086893,"sku":"SPC-704D-FITC","price":383.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ HRP","offer_id":53040888119661,"sku":"SPC-704D-HRP","price":378.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ PCP","offer_id":53040888152429,"sku":"SPC-704D-PCP","price":391.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ RPE","offer_id":53040888185197,"sku":"SPC-704D-RPE","price":389.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"12 ug \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53040888217965,"sku":"SPC-704S","price":45.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/SPC-704_CCR2_Antibody_IHC_Human_Tonsil_10X_1.png?v=1771832164"},{"product_id":"pik3ca-antibody-bha11909895","title":"PIK3CA Antibody","description":"\u003cp\u003ePIK3CA encodes the catalytic subunit p110α of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), a central component of the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR signaling pathway. This pathway is essential for regulating cell growth, metabolism, survival, and synaptic plasticity in the nervous system. While PIK3CA is well-characterized in oncology, its emerging role in neurodegenerative disease is gaining increasing attention.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn neurons, PIK3CA activity supports axonal growth, dendritic arborization, and resistance to oxidative stress. Dysregulation of PI3K signaling—whether through genetic mutations, altered expression, or upstream receptor dysfunction—can impair neuronal survival and contribute to synaptic degeneration. In Alzheimer’s disease, reduced PI3K\/AKT signaling is associated with increased tau phosphorylation, amyloid-beta toxicity, and impaired autophagy. Conversely, hyperactivation of this pathway has been linked to aberrant protein synthesis and neurodevelopmental disorders.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePIK3CA also modulates neuroinflammatory responses by influencing microglial activation and cytokine production. Its role in maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity and regulating neuronal-glial interactions further underscores its relevance in neurodegenerative pathology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eTherapeutic strategies targeting PIK3CA and its downstream effectors are being explored to restore cellular homeostasis, enhance neuroprotection, and slow disease progression. As a master regulator of neuronal resilience, PIK3CA represents a promising biomarker and intervention point in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"StressMarq Biosciences Inc.","offers":[{"title":"100 ug \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53040794632557,"sku":"SPC-741D","price":337.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ ATTO 390","offer_id":53040888283501,"sku":"SPC-741D-A390","price":392.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ ATTO 488","offer_id":53040888316269,"sku":"SPC-741D-A488","price":391.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ ATTO 594","offer_id":53040888349037,"sku":"SPC-741D-A594","price":391.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ APC","offer_id":53040888381805,"sku":"SPC-741D-APC","price":390.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ BI","offer_id":53040888414573,"sku":"SPC-741D-BI","price":386.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ FITC","offer_id":53040888447341,"sku":"SPC-741D-FITC","price":381.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ HRP","offer_id":53040888480109,"sku":"SPC-741D-HRP","price":377.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ PCP","offer_id":53040888512877,"sku":"SPC-741D-PCP","price":390.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug \/ RPE","offer_id":53040888545645,"sku":"SPC-741D-RPE","price":388.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"12 ug \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53040888578413,"sku":"SPC-741S","price":45.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/SPC-741_PIK3CA_Antibody_WB_Mouse_brain-lysate_1.png?v=1771832164"},{"product_id":"anti-c5-c5a-antibody-picoband-bha21000093","title":"Anti-C5\/C5a Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eC5 (Complement C5)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-C5\/C5a Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9187. Tested in IHC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Rat. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived rat C5a recombinant protein (Position: D1-R77). Rat C5a shares 62% and 82% amino acid (aa) sequences identity with human and mouse C5a, respectively. (reported region: D1-R77).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 115 kDa; calculated MW: 8981 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rat\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e IHC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eComplement C5; Complement C5. C5a is a protein fragment released from complement component C5. This gene is mapped to 9q33.2. The protein encoded by this gene is the fifth component of complement, which plays an important role in inflammatory and cell killing processes. This protein is comprised of alpha and beta polypeptide chains that are linked by a disulfide bridge. An activation peptide, C5a, which is an anaphylatoxin that possesses potent spasmogenic and chemotactic activity, is derived from the alpha polypeptide via cleavage with a convertase. C5a plays a key role in increasing migration and adherence of neutrophils and monocytes to vessel walls. Mutations in this gene cause complement component 5 deficiency, a disease where patients show a propensity for severe recurrent infections. Defects in this gene have also been linked to susceptibility to liver fibrosis and to rheumatoid arthritis. Functional note: Derived from proteolytic degradation of complement C5, C5 anaphylatoxin is a mediator of local inflammatory process. Binding to the receptor C5AR1 induces a variety of responses including intracellular calcium release, contraction of smooth muscle, increased vascular permeability, and histamine release from mast cells and basophilic leukocytes. C5a is also a potent chemokine which stimulates the locomotion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and s their migration toward sites of inflammation. . Reported localization: Secreted. Expression\/tissue context: Expressed in normal hepatocytes as well as in epithelial cells lining the stomach, the small and the large intestine. Found also in basal keratinocytes of esophagus and skin. High levels are found in liver, gastrointestinal tract, thyroid and kidney. Also present in the brain. .\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e2339: Researchers commonly examine how C5 (Complement C5) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDomain Families: Researchers commonly examine how C5 (Complement C5) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEpigenetics and Nuclear Signaling: Researchers commonly examine how C5 (Complement C5) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative C5 (Complement C5) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of C5 (Complement C5) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P08650: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P08650\/entry - PubMed search (C5): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=C5 - NCBI Gene search (C5): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=C5 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066812096877,"sku":"PB9187","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066928619885,"sku":"PB9187-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066928652653,"sku":"PB9187-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066928685421,"sku":"PB9187-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066928718189,"sku":"PB9187-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066928750957,"sku":"PB9187-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066928783725,"sku":"PB9187-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066928816493,"sku":"PB9187-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066928849261,"sku":"PB9187-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066928882029,"sku":"PB9187-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066928914797,"sku":"PB9187-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066928947565,"sku":"PB9187-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9187-1_1-WB-anti-complement-c5a-antibody.jpg?v=1772608089"},{"product_id":"anti-cd3-epsilon-cd3e-antibody-picoband-bha21000002","title":"Anti-CD3 epsilon\/CD3E Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eCD3E (T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-CD3 epsilon\/CD3E Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9093. Tested in IF, IHC, IHC-F, ICC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Chicken, Human, Mouse, Rat. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human CD3 epsilon recombinant protein (Position: D23-I207). Human CD3 epsilon shares 65% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse CD3 epsilon. (reported region: D23-I207).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 23 kDa; calculated MW: 23147 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Chicken,Human,Mouse,Rat\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e IF, IHC, IHC-F, ICC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain. CD3e molecule, epsilon also known as CD3E is a polypeptide which in humans is encoded by the CD3E gene which resides on chromosome 11. It is mapped to 11q23.3. The protein encoded by this gene is the CD3-epsilon polypeptide, which together with CD3-gamma, -delta and -zeta, and the T-cell receptor alpha\/beta and gamma\/delta heterodimers, forms the T cell receptor-CD3 complex. This complex plays an important role in coupling antigen recognition to several intracellular signal-transduction pathways. The genes encoding the epsilon, gamma and delta polypeptides are located in the same cluster on chromosome 11. The epsilon polypeptide plays an essential role in T-cell development. Functional note: The CD3 complex mediates signal transduction. Reported localization: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Expression\/tissue context: Expressed in all fetal tissues examined with highest levels in brain, kidney, heart and spleen. Weak expression in liver. In adult brain, highest expression found in the frontal lobe of the cortex and in the anterior perisylvian cortex- opercular gyri. Moderate expression in the cerebellar cortex, the posterior perisylvian cortex-opercular gyri and the temporal associated cortex. Weak expression found in the striate, extra- striate and motor cortices. Expressed in cerebrospinal fluid, and plasma. Isoform APP695 is the predominant form in neuronal tissue, isoform APP751 and isoform APP770 are widely expressed in non- neuronal cells. Isoform APP751 is the most abundant form in T- lymphocytes. Appican is expressed in astrocytes. .\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAdaptive Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how CD3E (T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHematopoietic Progenitors: Researchers commonly examine how CD3E (T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmunology: Researchers commonly examine how CD3E (T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative CD3E (T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of CD3E (T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIF\/ICC: evaluate subcellular localization and co-localization patterns; signal can depend on fixation\/permeabilization and epitope accessibility.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Contains 1 Ig-like (immunoglobulin-like) domain.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P07766: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P07766\/entry - PubMed search (CD3E): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=CD3E - NCBI Gene search (CD3E): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=CD3E - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066812326253,"sku":"PB9093","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066881007981,"sku":"PB9093-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066881040749,"sku":"PB9093-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066881073517,"sku":"PB9093-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066881106285,"sku":"PB9093-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066881139053,"sku":"PB9093-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066881171821,"sku":"PB9093-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066881204589,"sku":"PB9093-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066881237357,"sku":"PB9093-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066881270125,"sku":"PB9093-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066881302893,"sku":"PB9093-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066881335661,"sku":"PB9093-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9093-40820_2020_540_fig5_html.png?v=1772608092"},{"product_id":"anti-maxi-potassium-channel-alpha-kcnma1-antibody-picoband-bha21000106","title":"Anti-Maxi Potassium channel alpha\/KCNMA1 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eKCNMA1 (Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-Maxi Potassium channel alpha\/KCNMA1 Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9227. Tested in IHC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human KCNMA1 recombinant protein (Position: K124-Q467). Human KCNMA1 shares 99% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with both mouse and rat KCNMA1. (reported region: K124-Q467).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 110-138 kDa; calculated MW: 137560 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human,Mouse,Rat\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e IHC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1; Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1. Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 also known as KCa1.1, or BK channel for short, is a voltage gated potassium channel encoded by the KCNMA1 gene and characterized by their large conductance of potassium ions (K+) through cell membranes. This gene is located on 10q22.3. BK channels are activated (opened) by changes in membrane electrical potential and\/or by increases in concentration of intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+). It is essential for the regulation of several key physiological processes including smooth muscle tone and neuronal excitability. BK channels also contribute to the behavioral effects of ethanol in the worm C. elegans under high concentrations (\u0026gt; 100 mM, or approximately 0.50% BAC).It remains to be determined if BK channels contribute to intoxication in humans. Functional note: Potassium channel activated by both membrane depolarization or increase in cytosolic Ca (2+) that mediates export of K (+). It is also activated by the concentration of cytosolic Mg (2+). Its activation dampens the excitatory events that elevate the cytosolic Ca (2+) concentration and\/or depolarize the cell membrane. It therefore contributes to repolarization of the membrane potential. Plays a key role in controlling excitability in a number of systems, such as regulation of the contraction of smooth muscle, the tuning of hair cells in the cochlea, regulation of transmitter release, and innate immunity. In smooth muscles, its activation by high level of Ca (2+), caused by ryanodine receptors in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, regulates the membrane potential. In cochlea cells, its number and kinetic properties partly determine the characteristic frequency of each hair cell and thereby helps to establish a tonotopic map. Kinetics of KCNMA1 channels are determined by alternative splicing, phosphorylation status and its combination with modulating beta subunits. Highly sensitive to both iberiotoxin (IbTx) and charybdotoxin (CTX). Reported localization: Cell membrane ; Multi-pass membrane protein . Expression\/tissue context: Widely expressed. Except in myocytes, it is almost ubiquitously expressed. .\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCancer: Researchers commonly examine how KCNMA1 (Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCancer Metabolism: Researchers commonly examine how KCNMA1 (Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCardiovascular: Researchers commonly examine how KCNMA1 (Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative KCNMA1 (Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of KCNMA1 (Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the potassium channel family. Calcium- activated (TC 1.A.1.3) subfamily. KCa1.1\/KCNMA1 sub-subfamily.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for Q12791: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q12791\/entry - PubMed search (KCNMA1): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=KCNMA1 - NCBI Gene search (KCNMA1): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=KCNMA1 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066812359021,"sku":"PB9227","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066930782573,"sku":"PB9227-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066930815341,"sku":"PB9227-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066930848109,"sku":"PB9227-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066930880877,"sku":"PB9227-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066930913645,"sku":"PB9227-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066930946413,"sku":"PB9227-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066930979181,"sku":"PB9227-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066931011949,"sku":"PB9227-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066931044717,"sku":"PB9227-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066931077485,"sku":"PB9227-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066931110253,"sku":"PB9227-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9227-1-wb-anti-kcnma1-picoband-antibody_jpg.jpg?v=1772608092"},{"product_id":"anti-il16-antibody-picoband-bha21000132","title":"Anti-IL16 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eIL16 (Pro-interleukin-16)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-IL16 Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9238. Tested in ELISA, IHC, ICC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human IL-16 recombinant protein (Position: S1212-S1332). Human IL-16 shares 86% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse IL-16. (reported region: S1212-S1332).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 45-55 kDa; calculated MW: 141752 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e ELISA, IHC, ICC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePro-interleukin-16; Pro-interleukin-16. Interleukin 16 (IL-16) is a cytokine that released by a variety of cells (including lymphocytes and some epithelial cells) that has been characterized as a chemoattractant for certain immune cells expressing the cell surface molecule CD4. It is mapped to 15q25.1. IL-16 was originally described as a factor that could attract activated T cells in humans. It was previously called lymphocyte chemoattractant factor (LCF), and the augmentation of IL16 stimulation by CCR5 plays a role in regulation of Th1 cell recruitment and activation at sites of inflammation. Functional note: Interleukin-16 stimulates a migratory response in CD4+ lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils. Primes CD4+ T-cells for IL-2 and IL-15 responsiveness. Also induces T-lymphocyte expression of interleukin 2 receptor. Ligand for CD4. Reported localization: Interleukin-16: Secreted. Expression\/tissue context: Isoform 3 is expressed in hemopoietic tissues, such as resting T-cells, but is undetectable during active T-cell proliferation.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCytokines: Researchers commonly examine how IL16 (Pro-interleukin-16) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmunology: Researchers commonly examine how IL16 (Pro-interleukin-16) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInnate Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how IL16 (Pro-interleukin-16) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative IL16 (Pro-interleukin-16) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of IL16 (Pro-interleukin-16) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIF\/ICC: evaluate subcellular localization and co-localization patterns; signal can depend on fixation\/permeabilization and epitope accessibility.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eELISA-compatible use: when applicable, interpret signal as relative abundance across sample sets with consistent handling and dilution strategy.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Contains 4 PDZ (DHR) domains.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for Q14005: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q14005\/entry - PubMed search (IL16): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=IL16 - NCBI Gene search (IL16): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=IL16 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066812686701,"sku":"PB9238","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066931143021,"sku":"PB9238-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066931175789,"sku":"PB9238-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066931208557,"sku":"PB9238-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066931241325,"sku":"PB9238-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066931274093,"sku":"PB9238-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066931306861,"sku":"PB9238-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066931339629,"sku":"PB9238-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066931372397,"sku":"PB9238-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066931405165,"sku":"PB9238-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066931437933,"sku":"PB9238-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066931470701,"sku":"PB9238-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9238-1-WB-anti-il-16-antibody.jpg?v=1772532996"},{"product_id":"anti-cd86-antibody-picoband-bha21000142","title":"Anti-CD86 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eCD86 (T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bosterbio.com\/anti-cd86-dendritic-cells-maturation-marker-antibody-m00220-boster.html\" style=\"color:#EA8D28\"\u003eAnti-CD86 Antibody\u003c\/a\u003e Picoband® catalog # PB9251. Tested in IHC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human, Mouse. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human CD86 recombinant protein (Position: A24-F329). Human CD86 shares 50% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse CD86. (reported region: A24-F329).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 60-80 kDa; calculated MW: 37682 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human,Mouse\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e IHC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86. Cluster of Differentiation 86 (also known as CD86 and B7-2) is a protein expressed on antigen-presenting cells that provides costimulatory signals necessary for T cell activation and survival. The CD86 gene encodes a type I membrane protein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping, the CD86, like CD80, was mapped to human 3q21. The antigen presentation coactivators B71 and B72, which are important in other immune-mediated thyroid diseases, are important for lymphocytic infiltration and the immune response against thyroid carcinoma. Functional note: Receptor involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin-2 production, by binding CD28 or CTLA-4. May play a critical role in the early events of T-cell activation and costimulation of naive T-cells, such as deciding between immunity and anergy that is made by T- cells within 24 hours after activation. Isoform 2 interferes with the formation of CD86 clusters, and thus acts as a negative regulator of T-cell activation. Reported localization: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Expression\/tissue context: Expressed by activated B-lymphocytes and monocytes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAdaptive Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how CD86 (T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell Type Markers: Researchers commonly examine how CD86 (T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHematopoietic Progenitors: Researchers commonly examine how CD86 (T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative CD86 (T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of CD86 (T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Contains 1 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P42081: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P42081\/entry - PubMed search (CD86): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=CD86 - NCBI Gene search (CD86): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=CD86 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066812817773,"sku":"PB9251","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066893295981,"sku":"PB9251-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066893328749,"sku":"PB9251-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066893361517,"sku":"PB9251-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066893394285,"sku":"PB9251-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066893427053,"sku":"PB9251-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066893459821,"sku":"PB9251-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066893492589,"sku":"PB9251-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066893525357,"sku":"PB9251-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066893558125,"sku":"PB9251-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066893590893,"sku":"PB9251-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066893623661,"sku":"PB9251-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9251-cd86-primary-antibodies-wb-testing-1.jpg?v=1772608081"},{"product_id":"anti-kv4-3-kcnd3-antibody-picoband-bha21000104","title":"Anti-Kv4.3\/KCND3 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eKCND3 (Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-Kv4.3\/KCND3 Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9229. Tested in WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human, Mouse. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human Kv4.3 recombinant protein (Position: M1-H177). Human Kv4.3 shares 100% and 99% amino acid (aa) sequences identity with mouse and rat Kv4.3, respectively. (reported region: M1-H177).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 73 kDa; calculated MW: 73451 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human,Mouse\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3; Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3. Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3, also known as Kv4.3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCND3 gene. KCND3 is a member of the potassium channel, voltage-gated, shal-related subfamily. Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. It is mapped to 1p13.2. KCND3 is important in membrane repolarization in excitable cells. It contributes to the cardiac transient outward potassium current (Ito1), the main contributing current to the repolarizing phase 1 of the cardiac action potential. Functional note: Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated rapidly inactivating A-type potassium channels. May contribute to I (To) current in heart and I (Sa) current in neurons. Channel properties are modulated by interactions with other alpha subunits and with regulatory subunits. . Reported localization: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell membrane, sarcolemma . Cell projection, dendrite . Expression\/tissue context: Highly expressed in heart and brain, in particular in cortex, cerebellum, amygdala and caudate nucleus. Detected at lower levels in liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas. Isoform 1 predominates in most tissues. Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are detected at similar levels in brain, skeletal muscle and pancreas. .\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCancer: Researchers commonly examine how KCND3 (Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCancer Metabolism: Researchers commonly examine how KCND3 (Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCardiovascular: Researchers commonly examine how KCND3 (Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative KCND3 (Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the potassium channel family. D (Shal) (TC 1.A.1.2) subfamily. Kv4.3\/KCND3 sub-subfamily.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for Q9UK17: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q9UK17\/entry - PubMed search (KCND3): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=KCND3 - NCBI Gene search (KCND3): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=KCND3 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066812883309,"sku":"PB9229","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066906993005,"sku":"PB9229-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066907025773,"sku":"PB9229-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066907058541,"sku":"PB9229-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066907091309,"sku":"PB9229-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066907124077,"sku":"PB9229-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066907156845,"sku":"PB9229-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066907189613,"sku":"PB9229-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066907222381,"sku":"PB9229-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066907255149,"sku":"PB9229-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066907287917,"sku":"PB9229-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066907320685,"sku":"PB9229-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9229-2-WB-anti-kv4-3-picoband-antibody.jpg?v=1772532993"},{"product_id":"anti-cd45-ptprc-antibody-picoband-bha21000007","title":"Anti-CD45\/PTPRC Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003ePTPRC (Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-CD45\/PTPRC Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9096. Tested in Flow Cytometry, IF, IHC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human CD45 recombinant protein (Position: R1113-S1304). Human CD45 shares 68% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with both mouse and rat CD45. (reported region: R1113-S1304).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 180-250 kDa; calculated MW: 147254 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e Flow Cytometry, IF, IHC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eReceptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C; Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C. CD45 (Cluster of Differentiation 45), also known as PTPRC, LCA or CD45R, is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the PTPRC gene. CD45 is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. CD45 is a major high molecular mass leukocyte cell surface molecule which is also an integral membrane protein tyrosine phosphatase. The cytogenetic location of CD45 is 1q31.3-q32.1. This gene is especially a prototype for transmembrane protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP). Targeted disruption of the CD45 gene leads to enhanced cytokine and interferon receptor-mediated activation of JAKs and STAT proteins. In vitro, CD45 ly dephosphorylates and binds to JAKs. Functionally, CD45 negatively regulates interleukin-3-mediated cellular proliferation, erythropoietin-dependent hematopoiesis, and antiviral responses in vitro and in vivo. CD45 has been best studied in T cells, where it determines T cell receptor signaling thresholds. CD45 is moved into or out of the immunological synapse (IS) membrane microdomain depending on the relative influence of interaction with the extracellular galectin lattice or the intracellular actin cytoskeleton. Galectin interaction can be finetuned by varying usage of the heavily Oglycosylated spliced regions and sialylation of Nlinked carbohydrates. Functional note: Protein tyrosine-protein phosphatase required for T-cell activation through the antigen receptor. Acts as a positive regulator of T-cell coactivation upon binding to DPP4. The first PTPase domain has enzymatic activity, while the second one seems to affect the substrate specificity of the first one. Upon T-cell activation, recruits and dephosphorylates SKAP1 and FYN. Dephosphorylates LYN, and thereby modulates LYN activity (By similarity). . Reported localization: Membrane ; Single-pass type I membrane protein . Membrane raft . Colocalized with DPP4 in membrane rafts. Expression\/tissue context: Cell surface of thymocytes, T-lymphocytes, neutrophils, plasma cells and myelomas.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAdapters: Researchers commonly examine how PTPRC (Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdaptive Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how PTPRC (Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eB Cells: Researchers commonly examine how PTPRC (Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative PTPRC (Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of PTPRC (Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIF\/ICC: evaluate subcellular localization and co-localization patterns; signal can depend on fixation\/permeabilization and epitope accessibility.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlow cytometry: quantify target-positive populations and shifts in expression; gating strategy and background staining controls are essential.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Receptor class 1\/6 subfamily.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P08575: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P08575\/entry - PubMed search (PTPRC): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=PTPRC - NCBI Gene search (PTPRC): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=PTPRC - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066812916077,"sku":"PB9096","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066917806445,"sku":"PB9096-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066917839213,"sku":"PB9096-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066917871981,"sku":"PB9096-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066917904749,"sku":"PB9096-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066917937517,"sku":"PB9096-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066917970285,"sku":"PB9096-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066918003053,"sku":"PB9096-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066918035821,"sku":"PB9096-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066918068589,"sku":"PB9096-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066918101357,"sku":"PB9096-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066918134125,"sku":"PB9096-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9096-fendo-09-00476-g005.jpg?v=1772608082"},{"product_id":"anti-cd79b-antibody-picoband-bha21000072","title":"Anti-CD79b Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eCD79B (B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein beta chain)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-CD79b Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9169. Tested in Flow Cytometry, IF, IHC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human CD79b recombinant protein (Position: A29-E229). Human CD79b shares 70% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse CD79b. (reported region: A29-E229).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 30-40 kDa; calculated MW: 26 kDa\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human,Mouse,Rat\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e Flow Cytometry, IF, IHC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eB-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein beta chain; B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein beta chain. CD79b molecule, immunoglobulin-associated beta, also known as CD79B (Cluster of Differentiation 79B), is a human gene. By fluorescence in situ hybridization, It is mapped to 17q23.3. The CD79B protein together with the related CD79A protein, forms a dimer associated with membrane bound immunoglobulin in B-cells, thus forming the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) which is a multimeric complex that includes the antigen-specific component, surface immunoglobulin (Ig). CD79b also can enhances phosphorylation of CD79A, possibly by recruiting kinases which phosphorylate CD79A or by recruiting proteins which bind to CD79A and protect it from dephosphorylation. Functional note: Required in cooperation with CD79A for initiation of the signal transduction cascade activated by the B-cell antigen receptor complex (BCR) which leads to internalization of the complex, trafficking to late endosomes and antigen presentation. Enhances phosphorylation of CD79A, possibly by recruiting kinases which phosphorylate CD79A or by recruiting proteins which bind to CD79A and protect it from dephosphorylation. . Reported localization: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Following antigen binding, the BCR has been shown to translocate from detergent-soluble regions of the cell membrane to lipid rafts although signal transduction through the complex can also occur outside lipid rafts. . Expression\/tissue context: B-cells.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAdaptive Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how CD79B (B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein beta chain) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eB Cells: Researchers commonly examine how CD79B (B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein beta chain) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmunology: Researchers commonly examine how CD79B (B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein beta chain) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative CD79B (B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein beta chain) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of CD79B (B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein beta chain) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIF\/ICC: evaluate subcellular localization and co-localization patterns; signal can depend on fixation\/permeabilization and epitope accessibility.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlow cytometry: quantify target-positive populations and shifts in expression; gating strategy and background staining controls are essential.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Contains 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P40259: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P40259\/entry - PubMed search (CD79B): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=CD79B - NCBI Gene search (CD79B): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=CD79B - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066813276525,"sku":"PB9169","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066889691501,"sku":"PB9169-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066889724269,"sku":"PB9169-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066889757037,"sku":"PB9169-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066889789805,"sku":"PB9169-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066889822573,"sku":"PB9169-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066889855341,"sku":"PB9169-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066889888109,"sku":"PB9169-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066889920877,"sku":"PB9169-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066889953645,"sku":"PB9169-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066889986413,"sku":"PB9169-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066890019181,"sku":"PB9169-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9169-cd79b-primary-antibodies-wb-testing-1.jpg?v=1772608090"},{"product_id":"anti-kv2-1-kcnb1-antibody-picoband-bha21000019","title":"Anti-Kv2.1\/KCNB1 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eKCNB1 (Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-Kv2.1\/KCNB1 Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9111. Tested in IHC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human Kv2.1 recombinant protein (Position: V687-I858). Human Kv2.1 shares 88% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with both mouse and rat Kv2.1. (reported region: V687-I858).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 96 kDa; calculated MW: 95878 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human,Mouse,Rat\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e IHC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1; Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1. KCNB1, also known as Kv2.1 or DRK1, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the KCNB1 gene. It is mapped to 20q13.13. KCNB1 is found in cardiomyocytes, skeletal muscles, vascular smooth muscles, placental vasculature, retina, and pancreatic beta-cells. It can mediates the voltage-dependent potassium ion permeability of excitable membranes. KCNB1 represent the most complex class of voltage-gated ion channels from both functional and structural standpoints. Their diverse functions include regulating neurotransmitter release, heart rate, insulin secretion, neuronal excitability, epithelial electrolyte transport, smooth muscle contraction, and cell volume. Functional note: Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain, but also in the pancreas and cardiovascular system. Contributes to the regulation of the action potential (AP) repolarization, duration and frequency of repetitive AP firing in neurons, muscle cells and endocrine cells and plays a role in homeostatic attenuation of electrical excitability throughout the brain (PubMed:23161216). Plays also a role in the regulation of exocytosis independently of its electrical function (By similarity). Forms tetrameric potassium- selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane. Homotetrameric channels mediate a delayed-rectifier voltage-dependent outward potassium current that display rapid activation and slow inactivation in response to membrane depolarization (PubMed:8081723, PubMed:1283219, PubMed:10484328, PubMed:12560340, PubMed:19074135, PubMed:19717558, PubMed:24901643). Can form functional homotetrameric and heterotetrameric channels that contain variable proportions of KCNB2; channel properties depend on the type of alpha subunits that are part of the channel (By similarity). Can also form functional heterotetrameric channels with other alpha subunits that are non-conducting when expressed alone, such as KCNF1, KCNG1, KCNG3, KCNG4, KCNH1, KCNH2, KCNS1, KCNS2, KCNS3 and KCNV1, creating a functionally diverse range of channel complexes (PubMed:10484328, PubMed:11852086, PubMed:12060745, PubMed:19074135, PubMed:19717558, PubMed:24901643). Heterotetrameric channel activity formed with KCNS3 show increased current amplitude with the threshold for action potential activation shifted towards more negative values in hypoxic-treated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (By similarity). Channel properties are also modulated by cytoplasmic ancillary beta subunits such as AMIGO1, KCNE1, KCNE2 and KCNE3, slowing activation and inactivation rate of the delayed rectifier potassium channels (By similarity). In vivo, membranes probably contain a mixture of heteromeric potassium channel complexes, making it difficult to assign currents observed in intact tissues to any particular potassium channel family member. Major contributor to the slowly inactivating delayed-rectifier voltage- gated potassium current in neurons of the central nervous system, sympathetic ganglion neurons, neuroendocrine cells, pancreatic beta cells, cardiomyocytes and smooth muscle cells. Mediates the major part of the somatodendritic delayed-rectifier potassium current in hippocampal and cortical pyramidal neurons and sympathetic superior cervical ganglion (CGC) neurons that acts to slow down periods of firing, especially during high frequency stimulation. Plays a role in the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) of neuron excitability in the CA3 layer of the hippocampus (By similarity). Contributes to the regulation of glucose-induced action potential amplitude and duration in pancreatic beta cells, hence limiting calcium influx and insulin secretion (PubMed:23161216). Plays a role in the regulation of resting membrane potential and contraction in hypoxia-treated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. May contribute to the regulation of the duration of both the action potential of cardiomyocytes and the heart ventricular repolarization QT interval. Contributes to the pronounced pro-apoptotic potassium current surge during neuronal apoptotic cell death in response to oxidative injury. May confer neuroprotection in response to hypoxia\/ischemic insults by suppressing pyramidal neurons hyperexcitability in hippocampal and cortical regions (By similarity). Promotes trafficking of KCNG3, KCNH1 and KCNH2 to the cell surface membrane, presumably by forming heterotetrameric channels with these subunits (PubMed:12060745). Plays a role in the calcium-dependent recruitment and release of fusion-competent vesicles from the soma of neurons, neuroendocrine and glucose- induced pancreatic beta cells by binding key components of the fusion machinery in a pore-independent manner (By similarity). . Reported localization: Cell membrane . Perikaryon . Cell projection, axon . Cell projection, dendrite . Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell junction, synapse, postsynaptic cell membrane . Cell junction, synapse . Cell junction, synapse, synaptosome . Lateral cell membrane . Cell membrane, sarcolemma . Localizes to high-density somatodendritic clusters and non-clustered sites on the surface of neocortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons in a cortical actin cytoskeleton-dependent manner (PubMed:24477962). Localizes also to high-density clusters in the axon initial segment (AIS), at ankyrin-G-deficient sites, on the surface of neocortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons (PubMed:24477962). KCNB1-containing AIS clusters localize either in close apposition to smooth endoplasmic reticulum cisternal organelles or with GABA-A receptor-containing synapses of hippocampal and cortical pyramidal neurons, respectively (PubMed:24477962). Localizes to high-density clusters on the cell surface of atrial and ventricular myocytes and at the lateral plasma membrane in epithelial cells. Localizes both to the axial and transverse tubules (T tubule) and sarcolemma in ventricular myocytes. Associated with lipid raft domains. In cortical neurons, apoptotic injuries induce de novo plasma membrane insertion in a SNARE-dependent manner causing an apoptotic potassium current surge. . Expression\/tissue context: Expressed in neocortical pyramidal cells (PubMed:24477962). Expressed in pancreatic beta cells (at protein level) (PubMed:12403834, PubMed:14988243). Expressed in brain, heart, lung, liver, colon, kidney and adrenal gland (PubMed:19074135). Expressed in the cortex, amygdala, cerebellum, pons, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus and substantia nigra (PubMed:19074135). .\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAtherosclerosis: Researchers commonly examine how KCNB1 (Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCardiovascular: Researchers commonly examine how KCNB1 (Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEpigenetics and Nuclear Signaling: Researchers commonly examine how KCNB1 (Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative KCNB1 (Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of KCNB1 (Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the potassium channel family. B (Shab) (TC 1.A.1.2) subfamily. Kv2.1\/KCNB1 sub-subfamily.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for Q14721: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q14721\/entry - PubMed search (KCNB1): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=KCNB1 - NCBI Gene search (KCNB1): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=KCNB1 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066813505901,"sku":"PB9111","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066892214637,"sku":"PB9111-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066892247405,"sku":"PB9111-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066892280173,"sku":"PB9111-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066892312941,"sku":"PB9111-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066892345709,"sku":"PB9111-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066892378477,"sku":"PB9111-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066892411245,"sku":"PB9111-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066892444013,"sku":"PB9111-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066892476781,"sku":"PB9111-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066892509549,"sku":"PB9111-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066892542317,"sku":"PB9111-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9111-kcnb1-primary-antibodies-ihc-testing-7.jpg?v=1772608087"},{"product_id":"anti-gata3-antibody-picoband-bha21000109","title":"Anti-GATA3 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eGATA3 (Trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-GATA3 Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9199. Tested in WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human, Rat. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human GATA3 recombinant protein (Position: M1-E197). Human GATA3 shares 95% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse GATA3. (reported region: M1-E197).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 48 kDa; calculated MW: 47916 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human,Rat\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3; Trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3. Trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3, also named HDR or GATA3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GATA3 gene. It is mapped to 10p14. This gene belongs to the GATA family of transcription factors. It regulates luminal epithelial cell differentiation in the mammary gland. The protein contains two GATA-type zinc fingers, it is an important regulator of T cell development and plays an important role in endothelial cell biology. GATA3 has been shown to promote the secretion of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 from Th2 cells, and induces the differentiation of Th0 cells towards this T cell subtype while suppressing their differentiation towards Th1 cells. Functional note: Transcriptional activator which binds to the enhancer of the T-cell receptor alpha and delta genes. Binds to the consensus sequence 5'-AGATAG-3'. Required for the T-helper 2 (Th2) differentiation process following immune and inflammatory responses. . Reported localization: Nucleus. Expression\/tissue context: T-cells and endothelial cells.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eLineage Specification: Researchers commonly examine how GATA3 (Trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNon-CD: Researchers commonly examine how GATA3 (Trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStem Cells: Researchers commonly examine how GATA3 (Trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative GATA3 (Trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Contains 2 GATA-type zinc fingers.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P23771: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P23771\/entry - PubMed search (GATA3): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=GATA3 - NCBI Gene search (GATA3): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=GATA3 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066813571437,"sku":"PB9199","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066899063149,"sku":"PB9199-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066899095917,"sku":"PB9199-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066899128685,"sku":"PB9199-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066899161453,"sku":"PB9199-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066899194221,"sku":"PB9199-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066899226989,"sku":"PB9199-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066899259757,"sku":"PB9199-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066899292525,"sku":"PB9199-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066899325293,"sku":"PB9199-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066899358061,"sku":"PB9199-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066899390829,"sku":"PB9199-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9199-1-WB-anti-gata3-picoband-antibody.jpg?v=1772608086"},{"product_id":"anti-cd82-antibody-picoband-bha21000073","title":"Anti-CD82 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eCD82 (CD82 antigen)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-CD82 Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9170. Tested in IHC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human CD82 recombinant protein (Position: A98-Y267). Human CD82 shares 69% and 67% amino acid (aa) sequences identity with mouse and rat CD82, respectively. (reported region: A98-Y267).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 30-36 kDa; calculated MW: 29626 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e IHC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCD82 antigen; CD82 antigen. CD82 (Cluster of Differentiation 82), also named KAI1, is a protein that in humans encoded by the CD82 gene. The gene is mapped to 11p11.2. This metastasis suppressor gene product is a membrane glycoprotein that is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily. Expression of this gene has been shown to be downregulated in tumor progression of human cancers and can be activated by p53 through a consensus binding sequence in the promoter. The expression of CD82 protein appears to be correlated with lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). And the CD82 overexpression can suppress tumor invasiveness and metastatic potential by inducing MMP9 inactivation via upregulation of TIMP1. Functional note: Associates with CD4 or CD8 and delivers costimulatory signals for the TCR\/CD3 pathway. Reported localization: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Expression\/tissue context: Lymphoid specific.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAdaptive Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how CD82 (CD82 antigen) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCancer: Researchers commonly examine how CD82 (CD82 antigen) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCancer Susceptibility: Researchers commonly examine how CD82 (CD82 antigen) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative CD82 (CD82 antigen) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of CD82 (CD82 antigen) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the tetraspanin (TM4SF) family.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P27701: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P27701\/entry - PubMed search (CD82): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=CD82 - NCBI Gene search (CD82): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=CD82 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066813800813,"sku":"PB9170","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066903748973,"sku":"PB9170-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066903781741,"sku":"PB9170-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066903814509,"sku":"PB9170-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066903847277,"sku":"PB9170-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066903880045,"sku":"PB9170-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066903912813,"sku":"PB9170-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066903945581,"sku":"PB9170-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066903978349,"sku":"PB9170-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066904011117,"sku":"PB9170-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066904043885,"sku":"PB9170-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066904076653,"sku":"PB9170-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9170-cd82-primary-antibodies-wb-testing-1_1.jpg?v=1772608091"},{"product_id":"anti-fas-antibody-picoband-bha21000143","title":"Anti-Fas Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eFAS (Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-Fas Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9252. Tested in IHC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human Fas recombinant protein (Position: Q26-N173). Human Fas shares 55% and 59% amino acid (aa) sequences identity with mouse and rat Fas, respectively. (reported region: Q26-N173).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 37 kDa; calculated MW: 37732 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e IHC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6; Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6. FAS (also known as surface antigen APO1 or CD95) is a member of the tumour-necrosis receptor factor family of death receptors. It acts as an inducer of both neurite growth in vitro and accelerated recovery after nerve injury in vivo. FAS antigen is expressed and functional on papillary thyroid cancer cells and this may have potential therapeutic significance. The FAS antigen shows structural homology with a number of cell surface receptors, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors and the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) and it is mapped to 10q24.1. The FAS and FASL system plays a key role in regulating apoptotic cell death and corruption of this signalling pathway has been shown to participate in immune escape and tumorigenesis. Functional note: Receptor for TNFSF6\/FASLG. The adapter molecule FADD recruits caspase-8 to the activated receptor. The resulting death- inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs caspase-8 proteolytic activation which initiates the subsequent cascade of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases) mediating apoptosis. FAS- mediated apoptosis may have a role in the induction of peripheral tolerance, in the antigen-stimulated suicide of mature T-cells, or both. The secreted isoforms 2 to 6 block apoptosis (in vitro). . Reported localization: Isoform 1: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Expression\/tissue context: Isoform 1 and isoform 6 are expressed at equal levels in resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells. After activation there is an increase in isoform 1 and decrease in the levels of isoform 6. .\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAdaptive Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how FAS (Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApoptosis: Researchers commonly examine how FAS (Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAutoimmune: Researchers commonly examine how FAS (Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative FAS (Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of FAS (Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Contains 1 death domain.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P25445: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P25445\/entry - PubMed search (FAS): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=FAS - NCBI Gene search (FAS): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=FAS - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066813768045,"sku":"PB9252","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066900865389,"sku":"PB9252-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066900898157,"sku":"PB9252-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066900930925,"sku":"PB9252-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066900963693,"sku":"PB9252-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066900996461,"sku":"PB9252-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066901029229,"sku":"PB9252-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066901061997,"sku":"PB9252-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066901094765,"sku":"PB9252-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066901127533,"sku":"PB9252-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066901160301,"sku":"PB9252-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066901193069,"sku":"PB9252-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9252-1-WB-anti-fas-cd95-antibody.jpg?v=1772532996"},{"product_id":"anti-cd79a-antibody-picoband-bha21000071","title":"Anti-CD79a Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eCD79A (B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein alpha chain)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-CD79a Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9168. Tested in Flow Cytometry, IF, IHC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human CD79a recombinant protein (Position: T121-P226). Human CD79a shares 91% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse CD79a. (reported region: T121-P226).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 44 kDa; calculated MW: 25038 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e Flow Cytometry, IF, IHC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eB-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein alpha chain; B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein alpha chain. Cluster of differentiation CD79A also known as B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein alpha chain and MB-1 membrane glycoprotein, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD79A gene. It is mapped to 19q13.2. CD79A is a membrane protein with an extracellular immunoglobulin domain, a single span transmembrane region and a short cytoplasmic domain. Genetic deletion of the transmembrane exon of CD79A results in loss of CD79A protein and a complete block of B cell development at the pro to pre B cell transition. Similarly, humans with homozygous splice variants in CD79A predicted to result in loss of the transmembrane region and a truncated or absent protein display agammaglobulinemia and no peripheral B cells. Functional note: Required in cooperation with CD79B for initiation of the signal transduction cascade activated by binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor complex (BCR) which leads to internalization of the complex, trafficking to late endosomes and antigen presentation. Also required for BCR surface expression and for efficient differentiation of pro- and pre-B-cells. Stimulates SYK autophosphorylation and activation. Binds to BLNK, bringing BLNK into proximity with SYK and allowing SYK to phosphorylate BLNK. Also interacts with and increases activity of some Src- family tyrosine kinases. Represses BCR signaling during development of immature B-cells. . Reported localization: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Following antigen binding, the BCR has been shown to translocate from detergent-soluble regions of the cell membrane to lipid rafts although signal transduction through the complex can also occur outside lipid rafts. . Expression\/tissue context: B-cells.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAdaptive Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how CD79A (B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein alpha chain) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eB Cells: Researchers commonly examine how CD79A (B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein alpha chain) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCancer: Researchers commonly examine how CD79A (B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein alpha chain) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative CD79A (B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein alpha chain) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of CD79A (B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein alpha chain) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIF\/ICC: evaluate subcellular localization and co-localization patterns; signal can depend on fixation\/permeabilization and epitope accessibility.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlow cytometry: quantify target-positive populations and shifts in expression; gating strategy and background staining controls are essential.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Contains 1 Ig-like C2-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P11912: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P11912\/entry - PubMed search (CD79A): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=CD79A - NCBI Gene search (CD79A): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=CD79A - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066813997421,"sku":"PB9168","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066916725101,"sku":"PB9168-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066916757869,"sku":"PB9168-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066916790637,"sku":"PB9168-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066916823405,"sku":"PB9168-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066916856173,"sku":"PB9168-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066916888941,"sku":"PB9168-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066916921709,"sku":"PB9168-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066916954477,"sku":"PB9168-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066916987245,"sku":"PB9168-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066917020013,"sku":"PB9168-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066917052781,"sku":"PB9168-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9168-cd79a-primary-antibodies-wb-testing-1.jpg?v=1772608087"},{"product_id":"anti-desmin-antibody-picoband-bha21000015","title":"Anti-Desmin Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eDES (Desmin)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-Desmin Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9105. Tested in IF, IHC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human Desmin recombinant protein (Position: M1-T304). Human Desmin shares 97% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with both mouse and rat Desmin. (reported region: M1-T304).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 53 kDa; calculated MW: 53536 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human,Mouse,Rat\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e IF, IHC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eDesmin; Desmin. DES, also called desmin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DES gene, and this gene is mapped to 2q35. DES is the muscle-specific member of the intermediate filament (IF) protein family. It is one of the earliest myogenic markers, both in heart and somites, and is expressed in satellite stem cells and replicating myoblasts. DES is very important in muscle cell architecture and structure since it connects many components of the cytoplasm. It may be also play an important role in mitochondria function. What’s more, DES provides attachments between the terminal Z disc and membrane-associated proteins to form a force-transmitting system that parallels the thin filaments at myotendinous junctions. Functional note: Desmin are class-III intermediate filaments found in muscle cells. In adult striated muscle they form a fibrous network connecting myofibrils to each other and to the plasma membrane from the periphery of the Z-line structures. . Reported localization: Cytoplasm. Cell membrane, sarcolemma .\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eComplement: Researchers commonly examine how DES (Desmin) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmunology: Researchers commonly examine how DES (Desmin) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInnate Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how DES (Desmin) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative DES (Desmin) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of DES (Desmin) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIF\/ICC: evaluate subcellular localization and co-localization patterns; signal can depend on fixation\/permeabilization and epitope accessibility.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the intermediate filament family.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P17661: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P17661\/entry - PubMed search (DES): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=DES - NCBI Gene search (DES): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=DES - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066814161261,"sku":"PB9105","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066885333357,"sku":"PB9105-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066885366125,"sku":"PB9105-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066885398893,"sku":"PB9105-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066885431661,"sku":"PB9105-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066885464429,"sku":"PB9105-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066885497197,"sku":"PB9105-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066885529965,"sku":"PB9105-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066885562733,"sku":"PB9105-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066885595501,"sku":"PB9105-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066885628269,"sku":"PB9105-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066885661037,"sku":"PB9105-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9105-desmin-primary-antibodies-wb-testing-1.jpg?v=1772608094"},{"product_id":"anti-il18-antibody-picoband-bha21000137","title":"Anti-IL18 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eIL18 (Interleukin-18)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-IL18 Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9245. Tested in WB applications. This antibody reacts with Mouse. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived mouse IL-18 recombinant protein (Position: N36-S192). Mouse IL-18 shares 66% and 91% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with human and rat IL-18, respectively. (reported region: N36-S192).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 50 kDa; calculated MW: 22135 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mouse\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterleukin-18; Interleukin-18. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bosterbio.com\/anti-il-18-antibody-pa1342-boster.html\" style=\"color:#EA8D28\"\u003eInterleukin-18\u003c\/a\u003e, also known as IL18, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the IL18 gene. IL-18 is a cytokine produced by macrophages and other cells that belongs to the IL-1 superfamily. It is mapped to 11q22.2-q22.3. IL-18 works by binding to the interleukin-18 receptor, and together with IL-12, it induces cell-mediated immunity following infection with microbial products like lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After stimulation with IL-18, natural killer (NK) cells and certain T cells release another important cytokine called interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or type II interferon that plays an important role in activating the macrophages or other cells. The combination of this cytokine and IL12 has been shown to inhibit IL4 dependent IgE and IgG1 production, and enhance IgG2a production in B cells. Functional note: Augments natural killer cell activity in spleen cells and stimulates interferon gamma production in T-helper type I cells. Reported localization: Secreted. Expression\/tissue context: Most abundant in placenta and skeletal muscle. It is also detected in the heart, lung, liver and kidney. IL15- S21AA is preferentially expressed in tissues such as testis and thymus.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAngiogenesis: Researchers commonly examine how IL18 (Interleukin-18) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCancer: Researchers commonly examine how IL18 (Interleukin-18) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCancer Metabolism: Researchers commonly examine how IL18 (Interleukin-18) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative IL18 (Interleukin-18) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the IL-15\/IL-21 family.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P70380: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P70380\/entry - PubMed search (IL18): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=IL18 - NCBI Gene search (IL18): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=IL18 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066814128493,"sku":"PB9245","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066901225837,"sku":"PB9245-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066901258605,"sku":"PB9245-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066901291373,"sku":"PB9245-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066901324141,"sku":"PB9245-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066901356909,"sku":"PB9245-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066901389677,"sku":"PB9245-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066901422445,"sku":"PB9245-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066901455213,"sku":"PB9245-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066901487981,"sku":"PB9245-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066901520749,"sku":"PB9245-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066901553517,"sku":"PB9245-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9245-1-WB-anti-il-18-antibody.jpg?v=1772532989"},{"product_id":"anti-cd8-alpha-cd8a-antibody-picoband-bha21000140","title":"Anti-CD8 alpha\/CD8A Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eCD8A (T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-CD8 alpha\/CD8A Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9249. Tested in IHC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human CD8 alpha recombinant protein (Position: S22-A187). Human CD8 alpha shares 49% and 47% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse and rat CD8 alpha, respectively. (reported region: S22-A187).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 55 kDa; calculated MW: 25729 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e IHC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain. The CD8 antigen is a cell surface glycoprotein found on most cytotoxic T lymphocytes that mediates efficient cell-cell interactions within the immune system. It is mapped to 2p11.2. The CD8 antigen, acting as a coreceptor, and the T-cell receptor on the T lymphocyte recognize antigen displayed by an antigen presenting cell (APC) in the context of class I MHC molecules. The functional coreceptor is either a homodimer composed of two alpha chains, or a heterodimer composed of one alpha and one beta chain. Both alpha and beta chains share significant homology to immunoglobulin variable light chains. This gene also encodes the CD8 alpha chain isoforms. Functional note: Identifies cytotoxic\/suppressor T-cells that interact with MHC class I bearing targets. CD8 is thought to play a role in the process of T-cell mediated killing. CD8 alpha chains binds to class I MHC molecules alpha-3 domains. Reported localization: Isoform 1: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Expression\/tissue context: Brain.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAdaptive Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how CD8A (T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmunology: Researchers commonly examine how CD8A (T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eT Cells: Researchers commonly examine how CD8A (T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative CD8A (T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of CD8A (T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Contains 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P01732: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P01732\/entry - PubMed search (CD8A): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=CD8A - NCBI Gene search (CD8A): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=CD8A - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066814357869,"sku":"PB9249","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066895819117,"sku":"PB9249-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066895851885,"sku":"PB9249-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066895884653,"sku":"PB9249-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066895917421,"sku":"PB9249-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066895950189,"sku":"PB9249-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066895982957,"sku":"PB9249-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066896015725,"sku":"PB9249-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066896048493,"sku":"PB9249-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066896081261,"sku":"PB9249-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066896114029,"sku":"PB9249-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066896146797,"sku":"PB9249-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9249-cd8a-primary-antibodies-if-testing-2.jpg?v=1772608090"},{"product_id":"anti-ikk-beta-ikbkb-antibody-picoband-bha21000114","title":"Anti-IKK beta\/IKBKB Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eIKBKB (Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-IKK beta\/IKBKB Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9221. Tested in Flow Cytometry, IF, IHC, ICC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human IKK beta recombinant protein (Position: E398-S756). Human IKK beta shares 91% and 90% amino acid (aa) sequences identity with mouse and rat IKK beta, respectively. (reported region: E398-S756).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 43 kDa; calculated MW: 86564 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e Flow Cytometry, IF, IHC, ICC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eInhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta; Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta. IKBKB (Inhibitor of Kappa Light Chain Gene Enhancer in B Cells, Kinase of, Beta), also known as IKKB or NFKBIKB, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IKBKB gene. This gene is mapped to chromosome 8p12-p11 by FISH. It is found that mutations in IKK2 had a more pronounced effect upon NFKB activation than did comparable mutations in IKK1. The activity of various antiinflammatory agents on the IKK complex has been texted, it has been found that aspirin and sodium salicylate specifically inhibit IKK-beta activity in vitro and in vivo by binding to IKK-beta to reduce ATP binding. Functional note: Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF- kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. Acts as part of the canonical IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on 2 critical serine residues. These modifications allow polyubiquitination of the inhibitors and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In turn, free NF-kappa-B is translocated into the nucleus and activates the transcription of hundreds of genes involved in immune response, growth control, or protection against apoptosis. In addition to the NF-kappa-B inhibitors, phosphorylates several other components of the signaling pathway including NEMO\/IKBKG, NF-kappa-B subunits RELA and NFKB1, as well as IKK-related kinases TBK1 and IKBKE. IKK-related kinase phosphorylations may prevent the overproduction of inflammatory mediators since they exert a negative regulation on canonical IKKs. Also phosphorylates other substrates including NCOA3, BCL10 and IRS1. Within the nucleus, acts as an adapter protein for NFKBIA degradation in UV-induced NF-kappa-B activation. . Reported localization: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Membrane raft. Colocalized with DPP4 in membrane rafts. Expression\/tissue context: Highly expressed in heart, placenta, skeletal muscle, kidney, pancreas, spleen, thymus, prostate, testis and peripheral blood.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAtherosclerosis: Researchers commonly examine how IKBKB (Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCardiovascular: Researchers commonly examine how IKBKB (Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEpigenetics and Nuclear Signaling: Researchers commonly examine how IKBKB (Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative IKBKB (Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of IKBKB (Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIF\/ICC: evaluate subcellular localization and co-localization patterns; signal can depend on fixation\/permeabilization and epitope accessibility.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlow cytometry: quantify target-positive populations and shifts in expression; gating strategy and background staining controls are essential.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser\/Thr protein kinase family. I-kappa-B kinase subfamily.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for O14920: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/O14920\/entry - PubMed search (IKBKB): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=IKBKB - NCBI Gene search (IKBKB): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=IKBKB - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066814390637,"sku":"PB9221","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066900504941,"sku":"PB9221-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066900537709,"sku":"PB9221-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066900570477,"sku":"PB9221-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066900603245,"sku":"PB9221-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066900636013,"sku":"PB9221-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066900668781,"sku":"PB9221-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066900701549,"sku":"PB9221-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066900734317,"sku":"PB9221-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066900767085,"sku":"PB9221-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066900799853,"sku":"PB9221-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066900832621,"sku":"PB9221-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9221-1-WB-anti-ikk-beta-picoband-antibody.jpg?v=1772532992"},{"product_id":"anti-ikk-alpha-chuk-antibody-picoband-bha21000018","title":"Anti-IKK alpha\/CHUK Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eCHUK (Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-IKK alpha\/CHUK Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9110. Tested in IHC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human IKK alpha recombinant protein (Position: V411-E745). Human IKK alpha shares 98% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse IKK alpha. (reported region: V411-E745).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 85 kDa; calculated MW: 84640 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e IHC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eInhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha; Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha. IKKA, also known as conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase (CHUK) or IKBKA, is a protein kinase that in humans is encoded by the CHUK gene. It is mapped to 10q24.31. This gene encodes a member of the serine\/threonine protein kinase family. The encoded protein, a component of a cytokine-activated protein complex that is an inhibitor of the essential transcription factor NF-kappa-B complex, phosphorylates sites that trigger the degradation of the inhibitor via the ubiquination pathway, thereby activating the transcription factor. IKKA is part of the IκB kinase complex that plays an important role in regulating the NF-κB transcription factor. However, IKKA also has many additional cellular targets, and is thought to function independently of the NF-κB pathway to regulate epidermal differentiation. Functional note: Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF- kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. Acts as part of the canonical IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on serine residues. These modifications allow polyubiquitination of the inhibitors and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In turn, free NF-kappa-B is translocated into the nucleus and activates the transcription of hundreds of genes involved in immune response, growth control, or protection against apoptosis. Negatively regulates the pathway by phosphorylating the scaffold protein TAXBP1 and thus promoting the assembly of the A20\/TNFAIP3 ubiquitin-editing complex (composed of A20\/TNFAIP3, TAX1BP1, and the E3 ligases ITCH and RNF11). Therefore, CHUK plays a key role in the negative feedback of NF-kappa-B canonical signaling to limit inflammatory gene activation. As part of the non-canonical pathway of NF-kappa-B activation, the MAP3K14-activated CHUK\/IKKA homodimer phosphorylates NFKB2\/p100 associated with RelB, inducing its proteolytic processing to NFKB2\/p52 and the formation of NF-kappa- B RelB-p52 complexes. In turn, these complexes regulate genes encoding molecules involved in B-cell survival and lymphoid organogenesis. Participates also in the negative feedback of the non-canonical NF-kappa-B signaling pathway by phosphorylating and destabilizing MAP3K14\/NIK. Within the nucleus, phosphorylates CREBBP and consequently increases both its transcriptional and histone acetyltransferase activities. Modulates chromatin accessibility at NF-kappa-B-responsive promoters by phosphorylating histones H3 at 'Ser-10' that are subsequently acetylated at 'Lys-14' by CREBBP. Additionally, phosphorylates the CREBBP-interacting protein NCOA3. . Reported localization: Cytoplasm . Nucleus . Shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Expression\/tissue context: Widely expressed.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAtherosclerosis: Researchers commonly examine how CHUK (Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCardiovascular: Researchers commonly examine how CHUK (Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEpigenetics and Nuclear Signaling: Researchers commonly examine how CHUK (Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative CHUK (Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of CHUK (Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser\/Thr protein kinase family. I-kappa-B kinase subfamily.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for O15111: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/O15111\/entry - PubMed search (CHUK): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=CHUK - NCBI Gene search (CHUK): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=CHUK - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066814488941,"sku":"PB9110","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066881368429,"sku":"PB9110-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066881401197,"sku":"PB9110-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066881433965,"sku":"PB9110-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066881466733,"sku":"PB9110-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066881499501,"sku":"PB9110-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066881532269,"sku":"PB9110-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066881565037,"sku":"PB9110-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066881597805,"sku":"PB9110-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066881630573,"sku":"PB9110-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066881663341,"sku":"PB9110-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066881696109,"sku":"PB9110-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9110-ikk-alpha-primary-antibodies-wb-testing-1.jpg?v=1772608076"},{"product_id":"anti-il15-antibody-picoband-bha21000136","title":"Anti-IL15 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eIL15 (Interleukin-15)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-IL15 Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9244. Tested in ELISA, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human IL-15 recombinant protein (Position: N49-S162). Human IL-15 shares 70% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with both mouse and rat IL-15. (reported region: N49-S162).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 15 kDa; calculated MW: 18086 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e ELISA, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterleukin-15; Interleukin-15. Interleukin (IL)-15 is a cytokine with the ability to stimulate the proliferation activity of Th1 and\/or Th2 lymphocytes. This gene is mapped to human chromosome 4q31 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. IL-15 is a novel cytokine whose effects on T-cell activation and proliferation are similar to those of interleukin-2 (IL-2), presumably because IL-15 utilizes the beta and gamma chains of the IL-2 receptor. IL-15 can play a role in the initiation and outcome of acute and chronic rejection. Anti-IL-15 therapy in combination with classic immunosuppression therapy might be beneficial in the prevention of acute, and especially chronic, allograft rejection. Functional note: Cytokine that stimulates the proliferation of T- lymphocytes. Stimulation by IL-15 requires interaction of IL-15 with components of IL-2R, including IL-2R beta and probably IL-2R gamma but not IL-2R alpha. Reported localization: Isoform IL15-S48AA: Secreted. Expression\/tissue context: Most abundant in placenta and skeletal muscle. It is also detected in the heart, lung, liver and kidney. IL15- S21AA is preferentially expressed in tissues such as testis and thymus.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAntiviral Signaling: Researchers commonly examine how IL15 (Interleukin-15) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCancer: Researchers commonly examine how IL15 (Interleukin-15) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCytokines: Researchers commonly examine how IL15 (Interleukin-15) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative IL15 (Interleukin-15) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eELISA-compatible use: when applicable, interpret signal as relative abundance across sample sets with consistent handling and dilution strategy.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the IL-15\/IL-21 family.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P40933: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P40933\/entry - PubMed search (IL15): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=IL15 - NCBI Gene search (IL15): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=IL15 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066814914925,"sku":"PB9244","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066926817645,"sku":"PB9244-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066926850413,"sku":"PB9244-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066926883181,"sku":"PB9244-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066926915949,"sku":"PB9244-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066926948717,"sku":"PB9244-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066926981485,"sku":"PB9244-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066927014253,"sku":"PB9244-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066927047021,"sku":"PB9244-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066927079789,"sku":"PB9244-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066927112557,"sku":"PB9244-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066927145325,"sku":"PB9244-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9244-1-WB-anti-il-15-antibody.jpg?v=1772608103"},{"product_id":"anti-hamartin-tsc1-antibody-picoband-bha21000026","title":"Anti-Hamartin\/TSC1 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eTSC1 (Hamartin)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-Hamartin\/TSC1 Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9120. Tested in WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human, Rat. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human Hamartin recombinant protein (Position: D686-Y884). Human Hamartin shares 96% and 95% amino acid (aa) sequences identity with mouse and rat Hamartin, respectively. (reported region: D686-Y884).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 130 kDa; calculated MW: 129767 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human,Rat\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eHamartin; Hamartin. Hamartin also known as tuberous sclerosis 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TSC1 gene. It is mapped to 9q34.13. This peripheral membrane protein was implicated as a tumor suppressor. It forms a complex with TSC2 that regulates mTORC1 signaling and may be also involved in vesicular transport and docking. Hamartin and TSC2 have critical roles in neuronal polarity, and that a common pathway regulates polarization and growth in neurons and cell size in other tissues. Hamartin is a growth inhibitory protein whose biologic effect is probably dependent on its interaction with tuberin. It also can affect cell proliferation via deregulation of G1 phase. Loss or perturbation of Hamartin function leads to loss of adhesion to the cellular matrix and initiates the development of TSC hamartomas. Functional note: In complex with TSC2, inhibits the nutrient-mediated or growth factor-stimulated phosphorylation of S6K1 and EIF4EBP1 by negatively regulating mTORC1 signaling. Seems not to be required for TSC2 GAP activity towards RHEB. Implicated as a tumor suppressor. Involved in microtubule-mediated protein transport, but this seems to be due to unregulated mTOR signaling. . Reported localization: Cytoplasm . Membrane ; Peripheral membrane protein . At steady state found in association with membranes. Expression\/tissue context: Highly expressed in skeletal muscle, followed by heart, brain, placenta, pancreas, lung, liver and kidney. Also expressed in embryonic kidney cells.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eChemokines: Researchers commonly examine how TSC1 (Hamartin) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmunology: Researchers commonly examine how TSC1 (Hamartin) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInnate Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how TSC1 (Hamartin) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative TSC1 (Hamartin) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the AP-2 family.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for Q92574: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q92574\/entry - PubMed search (TSC1): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=TSC1 - NCBI Gene search (TSC1): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TSC1 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066815570285,"sku":"PB9120","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066880287085,"sku":"PB9120-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066880319853,"sku":"PB9120-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066880352621,"sku":"PB9120-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066880385389,"sku":"PB9120-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066880418157,"sku":"PB9120-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066880450925,"sku":"PB9120-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066880483693,"sku":"PB9120-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066880516461,"sku":"PB9120-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066880549229,"sku":"PB9120-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066880581997,"sku":"PB9120-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066880614765,"sku":"PB9120-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9120-1-WB-anti-hamartin-picoband-antibody.jpg?v=1772608079"},{"product_id":"anti-atf2-antibody-picoband-bha21000055","title":"Anti-ATF2 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eATF2 (Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-ATF2 Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9131. Tested in Flow Cytometry, IHC, IHC-F, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human ATF2 recombinant protein (Position: E93-E450). Human ATF2 shares 99% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with both mouse and rat ATF2. (reported region: E93-E450).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 65-70 kDa; calculated MW: 54537 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human,Mouse,Rat\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e Flow Cytometry, IHC, IHC-F, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2; Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2. ATF2, also known as Activating transcription factor 2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATF2 gene. It is mapped to 2q31.1. This gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA-binding proteins. This protein binds to the cAMP-responsive element (CRE), an octameric palindrome. The protein forms a homodimer or heterodimer with c-Jun and stimulates CRE-dependent transcription. The protein is also a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that specifically acetylates histones H2B and H4 in vitro, thus, it may represent a class of sequence-specific factors that activate transcription by effects on chromatin components. Additional transcript variants have been identified but their biological validity has not been determined. Functional note: Transcriptional activator which regulates the transcription of various genes, including those involved in anti- apoptosis, cell growth, and DNA damage response. Dependent on its binding partner, binds to CRE (cAMP response element) consensus sequences (5'-TGACGTCA-3') or to AP-1 (activator protein 1) consensus sequences (5'-TGACTCA-3'). In the nucleus, contributes to global transcription and the DNA damage response, in addition to specific transcriptional activities that are related to cell development, proliferation and death. In the cytoplasm, interacts with and perturbs HK1- and VDAC1-containing complexes at the mitochondrial outer membrane, thereby impairing mitochondrial membrane potential, inducing mitochondrial leakage and promoting cell death. The phosphorylated form (mediated by ATM) plays a role in the DNA damage response and is involved in the ionizing radiation (IR)-induced S phase checkpoint control and in the recruitment of the MRN complex into the IR-induced foci (IRIF). Exhibits histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity which specifically acetylates histones H2B and H4 in vitro. In concert with CUL3 and RBX1, promotes the degradation of KAT5 thereby attenuating its ability to acetylate and activate ATM. Can elicit oncogenic or tumor suppressor activities depending on the tissue or cell type. . Reported localization: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Mitochondrion outer membrane. Shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus and heterodimerization with JUN is essential for the nuclear localization. Localization to the cytoplasm is observed under conditions of cellular stress and in disease states. Localizes at the mitochondrial outer membrane in response to genotoxic stress. Phosphorylation at Thr-52 is required for its nuclear localization and negatively regulates its mitochondrial localization. Co- localizes with the MRN complex in the IR-induced foci (IRIF). Expression\/tissue context: Ubiquitously expressed, with more abundant expression in the brain.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eDomain Families: Researchers commonly examine how ATF2 (Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEpigenetics and Nuclear Signaling: Researchers commonly examine how ATF2 (Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHlh\/Leucine Zipper: Researchers commonly examine how ATF2 (Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative ATF2 (Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of ATF2 (Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlow cytometry: quantify target-positive populations and shifts in expression; gating strategy and background staining controls are essential.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the bZIP family. ATF subfamily.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P15336: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P15336\/entry - PubMed search (ATF2): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=ATF2 - NCBI Gene search (ATF2): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=ATF2 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066815865197,"sku":"PB9131","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066908074349,"sku":"PB9131-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066908107117,"sku":"PB9131-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066908139885,"sku":"PB9131-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066908172653,"sku":"PB9131-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066908205421,"sku":"PB9131-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066908238189,"sku":"PB9131-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066908270957,"sku":"PB9131-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066908303725,"sku":"PB9131-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066908336493,"sku":"PB9131-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066908369261,"sku":"PB9131-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066908402029,"sku":"PB9131-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9131-atf2-primary-antibodies-wb-testing-1.jpg?v=1772608093"},{"product_id":"anti-perforin-prf1-antibody-picoband-bha21000061","title":"Anti-Perforin\/PRF1 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003ePRF1 (Perforin-1)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-Perforin\/PRF1 Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9155. Tested in WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human Perforin recombinant protein (Position: E175-W555). Human Perforin shares 68% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with both mouse and rat Perforin. (reported region: E175-W555).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 61 kDa; calculated MW: 61 kDa\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerforin-1; Perforin-1. PRF1, also known as Perforin-1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRF1 gene. It is mapped to 10q22.1. PRF1 is a cytolytic protein found in the granules of Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and NK cells. Upon degranulation, PRF1 inserts itself into the target cell's plasma membrane, forming a pore. The lytic membrane-inserting part of perforin is the MACPF domain. This region shares homology with cholesterol-dependent cytolysins from Gram-positive bacteria. PRF1 has structural and functional similarities to complement component 9 (C9). Like C9, this protein creates transmembrane tubules and is capable of lysing non-specifically a variety of target cells. This protein is one of the main cytolytic proteins of cytolytic granules, and it is known to be a key effector molecule for T-cell- and natural killer-cell-mediated cytolysis. PRF1 is thought to act by creating holes in the plasma membrane which triggers an influx of calcium and initiates membrane repair mechanisms. These repair mechanisms bring perforin and granzymes into early endosomes. Functional note: Plays a key role in secretory granule-dependent cell death, and in defense against virus-infected or neoplastic cells. Plays an important role in killing other cells that are recognized as non-self by the immune system, e.g. in transplant rejection or some forms of autoimmune disease. Can insert into the membrane of target cells in its calcium-bound form, oligomerize and form large pores. Promotes cytolysis and apoptosis of target cells by facilitating the uptake of cytotoxic granzymes. . Reported localization: Cytoplasmic granule lumen. Secreted. Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Endosome lumen. Stored in cytoplasmic granules of cytolytic T-lymphocytes and secreted into the cleft between T-lymphocyte and target cell. Inserts into the cell membrane of target cells and forms pores. Membrane insertion and pore formation requires a major conformation change. May be taken up via endocytosis involving clathrin-coated vesicles and accumulate in a first time in large early endosomes. Expression\/tissue context: Highly expressed in the heart, skeletal muscle, placenta and lung. Weakly expressed in the thymus, spleen, kidney and liver. Expressed on activated T- and B-cells, dendritic cells, keratinocytes and monocytes. .\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAdaptive Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how PRF1 (Perforin-1) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComplement: Researchers commonly examine how PRF1 (Perforin-1) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmunology: Researchers commonly examine how PRF1 (Perforin-1) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative PRF1 (Perforin-1) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the complement C6\/C7\/C8\/C9 family.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P14222: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P14222\/entry - PubMed search (PRF1): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=PRF1 - NCBI Gene search (PRF1): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=PRF1 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066815963501,"sku":"PB9155","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066904109421,"sku":"PB9155-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066904142189,"sku":"PB9155-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066904174957,"sku":"PB9155-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066904207725,"sku":"PB9155-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066904240493,"sku":"PB9155-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066904273261,"sku":"PB9155-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066904306029,"sku":"PB9155-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066904338797,"sku":"PB9155-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066904371565,"sku":"PB9155-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066904404333,"sku":"PB9155-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066904437101,"sku":"PB9155-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9155-perforin-primary-antibodies-wb-testing-1.jpg?v=1772608097"},{"product_id":"anti-aamp-ccl18-antibody-picoband-bha21000052","title":"Anti-AAMP CCL18 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eAAMP (Angio-associated migratory cell protein)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-AAMP CCL18 Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9123. Tested in Flow Cytometry, IHC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human AAMP recombinant protein (Position: E235-R434). (reported region: E235-R434).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 52 kDa; calculated MW: 47 kDa\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human,Mouse,Rat\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e Flow Cytometry, IHC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAngio-associated migratory cell protein; C-C motif chemokine 18. AAMP, also known as Angio-associated, migratory cell protein, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the AAMP gene. It is mapped to 2q35. The gene product of AAMP is an immunoglobulin-type protein, which is found to be expressed strongly in endothelial cells, cytotrophoblasts, and poorly differentiated colon adenocarcinoma cells found in lymphatics. It has been demonstrated that an AAMP peptide containing the putative heparan sulfate-binding domain binds to heparin and mediates heparin-sensitive cell adhesion. AAMP plays a role in angiogenesis and cell migration. In smooth muscle cell migration, it may act through the RhoA pathway. Functional note: Chemotactic factor that attracts lymphocytes but not monocytes or granulocytes. May be involved in B-cell migration into B-cell follicles in lymph nodes. Attracts naive T-lymphocytes toward dendritic cells and activated macrophages in lymph nodes, has chemotactic activity for naive T-cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and thus may play a role in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity responses. . Reported localization: Secreted. Expression\/tissue context: Expressed at high levels in lung, lymph nodes, placenta, bone marrow, dendritic cells present in germinal centers and T-cell areas of secondary lymphoid organs and macrophages derived from peripheral blood monocytes. Not expressed by peripheral blood monocytes and a monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation is a prerequisite for expression. Expressed in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid and septic arthritis and in ovarian carcinoma ascitic fluid. .\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCancer: Researchers commonly examine how AAMP (Angio-associated migratory cell protein) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChemokines: Researchers commonly examine how AAMP (Angio-associated migratory cell protein) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmunology: Researchers commonly examine how AAMP (Angio-associated migratory cell protein) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative AAMP (Angio-associated migratory cell protein) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of AAMP (Angio-associated migratory cell protein) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlow cytometry: quantify target-positive populations and shifts in expression; gating strategy and background staining controls are essential.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Contains 8 WD repeats.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P55774: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P55774\/entry - PubMed search (AAMP): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=AAMP - NCBI Gene search (AAMP): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=AAMP - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066816651629,"sku":"PB9123","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066928980333,"sku":"PB9123-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066929013101,"sku":"PB9123-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066929045869,"sku":"PB9123-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066929078637,"sku":"PB9123-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066929111405,"sku":"PB9123-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066929144173,"sku":"PB9123-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066929176941,"sku":"PB9123-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066929209709,"sku":"PB9123-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066929242477,"sku":"PB9123-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066929275245,"sku":"PB9123-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066929308013,"sku":"PB9123-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9123-aamp-primary-antibodies-wb-testing-1.jpg?v=1772608080"},{"product_id":"anti-interleukin-13-il13-antibody-picoband-bha21000163","title":"Anti-Interleukin-13 IL13 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eIL13 (Interleukin-13)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-Interleukin-13 IL13 Antibody catalog # RP1047. Tested in ELISA, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E. coli-derived human IL-13 recombinant protein (Position: L25-N146). Human IL-13 shares 57% and 62% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse and rat IL-13, respectively. (reported region: L25-N146).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 37 kDa; calculated MW: 15816 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e ELISA, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterleukin-13; Interleukin-13. IL-13, Interleukin 13, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL-13 gene. IL-13 is a kind of cytokine secreted by many cell types, but especially T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, which is an important mediator of allergic inflammation and disease. The IL-13 gene is mapped to 5q23-q31. IL-13 induces its effects through a multi-subunit receptor that includes the alpha chain of the IL-4 receptor (IL-4Rα) and at least one of two known IL-13-specific binding chains. This gene acts more prominently as a molecular bridge linking allergic inflammatory cells to the non-immune cells in contact with them, thereby altering physiological function. Functional note: Cytokine. Inhibits inflammatory cytokine production. Synergizes with IL2 in regulating interferon-gamma synthesis. May be critical in regulating inflammatory and immune responses. Reported localization: Secreted. Expression\/tissue context: Activated T-cells, mast cells, natural killer cells.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCytokines: Researchers commonly examine how IL13 (Interleukin-13) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmunology: Researchers commonly examine how IL13 (Interleukin-13) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInnate Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how IL13 (Interleukin-13) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative IL13 (Interleukin-13) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eELISA-compatible use: when applicable, interpret signal as relative abundance across sample sets with consistent handling and dilution strategy.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the IL-4\/IL-13 family.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P35225: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P35225\/entry - PubMed search (IL13): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=IL13 - NCBI Gene search (IL13): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=IL13 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066816782701,"sku":"RP1047","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066940580205,"sku":"RP1047-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066940612973,"sku":"RP1047-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066940645741,"sku":"RP1047-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066940678509,"sku":"RP1047-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066940711277,"sku":"RP1047-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066940744045,"sku":"RP1047-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066940776813,"sku":"RP1047-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066940809581,"sku":"RP1047-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066940842349,"sku":"RP1047-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066940875117,"sku":"RP1047-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066940907885,"sku":"RP1047-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/boster-box.png?v=1772533031"},{"product_id":"anti-nfkb-nfkb2-p100-p52-antibody-picoband-bha21000044","title":"Anti-NFkB\/NFKB2 p100\/p52 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eNFKB2 (Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-NFkB\/NFKB2 p100\/p52 Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9150. Tested in IHC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human NFkB p100\/p52 recombinant protein (Position: M1-R340). Human NFkB p100\/p52 shares 96% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse NFkB p100\/p52. (reported region: M1-R340).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 52 kDa (active form), 120 kDa (precursor); calculated MW: 96749 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human,Mouse,Rat\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e IHC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eNuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit; Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 2 (p49\/p100). NFKB2, also known as nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFKB2 gene. It is mapped to 10q24.32. This gene encodes a subunit of the transcription factor complex nuclear factor-kappa-B (NFKB). NFKB is activated by a wide variety of stimuli such as cytokines, oxidant-free radicals, inhaled particles, ultraviolet irradiation, and bacterial or viral products. The NFkB complex is expressed in numerous cell types and functions as a central activator of genes involved in inflammation and immune function. The protein encoded by this gene can function as both a transcriptional activator or repressor depending on its dimerization partner. Functional note: Adapter protein involved in the Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signaling pathway in the innate immune response. Acts via IRAK1, IRAK2, IRF7 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Increases IL-8 transcription. Involved in IL-18-mediated signaling pathway. Activates IRF1 resulting in its rapid migration into the nucleus to mediate an efficient induction of IFN-beta, NOS2\/INOS, and IL12A genes. MyD88-mediated signaling in intestinal epithelial cells is crucial for maintenance of gut homeostasis and controls the expression of the antimicrobial lectin REG3G in the small intestine. . Reported localization: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Nuclear, but also found in the cytoplasm in an inactive form complexed to an inhibitor (I-kappa-B). Expression\/tissue context: Ubiquitous.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAdapters: Researchers commonly examine how NFKB2 (Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAtherosclerosis: Researchers commonly examine how NFKB2 (Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCardiovascular: Researchers commonly examine how NFKB2 (Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative NFKB2 (Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of NFKB2 (Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Contains 7 ANK repeats.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for Q00653: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q00653\/entry - PubMed search (NFKB2): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=NFKB2 - NCBI Gene search (NFKB2): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=NFKB2 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066816815469,"sku":"PB9150","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066908434797,"sku":"PB9150-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066908467565,"sku":"PB9150-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066908500333,"sku":"PB9150-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066908533101,"sku":"PB9150-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066908565869,"sku":"PB9150-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066908598637,"sku":"PB9150-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066908631405,"sku":"PB9150-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066908664173,"sku":"PB9150-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066908696941,"sku":"PB9150-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066908729709,"sku":"PB9150-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066908762477,"sku":"PB9150-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9150-nfkb2-primary-antibodies-wb-testing-1.jpg?v=1772608094"},{"product_id":"anti-interleukin-3-il3-antibody-picoband-bha21000162","title":"Anti-Interleukin-3 IL3 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eIL3 (Interleukin-3)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-Interleukin-3 IL3 Antibody catalog # RP1046. Tested in ELISA, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Rat. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E. coli-derived rat IL-3 recombinant protein (Position: S28-C166). Rat IL-3 shares 32% and 55% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with human and mouse IL-3, respectively. (reported region: S28-C166).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 37 kDa; calculated MW: 18631 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rat\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e ELISA, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterleukin-3; Interleukin-3. Interleukin 3, also known as IL-3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL3 gene. It is mapped to 5q31.1. IL-3 is an interleukin, a type of biological signal (cytokine) that can improve the body's natural response to disease as part of the immune system. It acts by binding to the interleukin-3 receptor. IL-3 stimulates the differentiation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells into myeloid progenitor cells or, with the addition of IL-7, into lymphoid progenitor cells. In addition, IL-3 stimulates proliferation of all cells in the myeloid lineage (granulocytes, monocytes, and dendritic cells), in conjunction with other cytokines, e.g., Erythropoietin (EPO), Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and IL-6. IL-3 is secreted by basophils and activated T cells to support growth and differentiation of T cells from the bone marrow in an immune response. Functional note: Granulocyte\/macrophage colony-stimulating factors are cytokines that act in hematopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of 2 related white cell populations of the blood, the granulocytes and the monocytes-macrophages. Reported localization: Secreted. Expression\/tissue context: Activated T-cells, mast cells, natural killer cells.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCytokines: Researchers commonly examine how IL3 (Interleukin-3) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmunology: Researchers commonly examine how IL3 (Interleukin-3) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInnate Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how IL3 (Interleukin-3) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative IL3 (Interleukin-3) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eELISA-compatible use: when applicable, interpret signal as relative abundance across sample sets with consistent handling and dilution strategy.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P04823: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P04823\/entry - PubMed search (IL3): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=IL3 - NCBI Gene search (IL3): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=IL3 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066817306989,"sku":"RP1046","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066938057069,"sku":"RP1046-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066938089837,"sku":"RP1046-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066938122605,"sku":"RP1046-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066938155373,"sku":"RP1046-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066938188141,"sku":"RP1046-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066938220909,"sku":"RP1046-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066938253677,"sku":"RP1046-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066938286445,"sku":"RP1046-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066938319213,"sku":"RP1046-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066938351981,"sku":"RP1046-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066938384749,"sku":"RP1046-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/rp1046-1-WB-anti-il-3-antibody.jpg?v=1772533023"},{"product_id":"anti-mif-antibody-picoband-bha21000174","title":"Anti-MIF Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eMIF (Macrophage migration inhibitory factor)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-MIF Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9274. Tested in Flow Cytometry, IF, IHC, ICC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human MIF recombinant protein (Position: P2-A115). Human MIF shares 89% and 90% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse and rat MIF respectively. (reported region: P2-A115).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 12 kDa; calculated MW: 12476 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e Flow Cytometry, IF, IHC, ICC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMacrophage migration inhibitory factor; Macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF or MMIF), also known as GIF, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MIF gene. It is a cytokine released by T-lymphocytes, macrophages, and the pituitary gland that serves to integrate peripheral and central inflammatory responses. MIF gene has 3 exons separated by introns of only 189 and 95 bp, and covers less than 1 kb. The localization of the human gene for MIF is to chromosome 22q11.2. MIF plays a critical role in inflammatory diseases and atherogenesis. It is also involved in cell-mediated immunity and immunoregulation. MIF plays a role in the regulation of macrophage function in host defense through the suppression of anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. Functional note: Pro-inflammatory cytokine. Involved in the innate immune response to bacterial pathogens. The expression of MIF at sites of inflammation suggests a role as mediator in regulating the function of macrophages in host defense. Counteracts the anti- inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids. Has phenylpyruvate tautomerase and dopachrome tautomerase activity (in vitro), but the physiological substrate is not known. It is not clear whether the tautomerase activity has any physiological relevance, and whether it is important for cytokine activity. . Reported localization: Secreted. Cytoplasm. Does not have a cleavable signal sequence and is secreted via a specialized, non- classical pathway. Secreted by macrophages upon stimulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or by M.tuberculosis antigens. Expression\/tissue context: Plasma. Expressed in liver. .\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eImmunology: Researchers commonly examine how MIF (Macrophage migration inhibitory factor) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInnate Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how MIF (Macrophage migration inhibitory factor) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMacrophage\/Inflammation: Researchers commonly examine how MIF (Macrophage migration inhibitory factor) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative MIF (Macrophage migration inhibitory factor) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of MIF (Macrophage migration inhibitory factor) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIF\/ICC: evaluate subcellular localization and co-localization patterns; signal can depend on fixation\/permeabilization and epitope accessibility.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlow cytometry: quantify target-positive populations and shifts in expression; gating strategy and background staining controls are essential.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the MIF family.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P14174: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P14174\/entry - PubMed search (MIF): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=MIF - NCBI Gene search (MIF): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=MIF - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066817831277,"sku":"PB9274","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066942382445,"sku":"PB9274-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066942415213,"sku":"PB9274-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066942447981,"sku":"PB9274-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066942480749,"sku":"PB9274-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066942513517,"sku":"PB9274-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066942546285,"sku":"PB9274-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066942579053,"sku":"PB9274-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066942611821,"sku":"PB9274-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066942644589,"sku":"PB9274-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066942677357,"sku":"PB9274-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066942710125,"sku":"PB9274-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9274-mif-primary-antibodies-wb-testing-1.jpg?v=1772608112"},{"product_id":"anti-ikb-alpha-nfkbia-antibody-picoband-bha21000215","title":"Anti-IKB alpha\/NFKBIA Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eNFKBIA (NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-IKB alpha\/NFKBIA Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9291. Tested in WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human IKB alpha recombinant protein (Position: Q3-Q112). Human IKB alpha shares 87% and 86% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse and rat IKB alpha, respectively. (reported region: Q3-Q112).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 39 kDa; calculated MW: 36 kDa\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eNF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha. NFKBIA, also called IKBA or MAD-3, is one member of a family of cellular proteins that function to inhibit the NF-κB transcription factor. It is mapped to 14q13.2. NFKBIA inhibits NF-κB by masking the nuclear localization signals (NLS) of NF-κB proteins and keeping them sequestered in an inactive state in the cytoplasm. It moves between the cytoplasm and the nucleus via a nuclear localization signal and CRM1-mediated nuclear export. The effect of the nonpathogenic bacteria is specific to the SCF complex substrates CTNNB1 and NFKBIA. This may help to explain the beneficial effects of treatment of inflammatory bowel disease with nonpathogenic probiotic enteric organisms. In addition, NFKBIA blocks the ability of NF-κB transcription factors to bind to DNA, which is required for NF-κB's proper functioning. Functional note: Inhibits the activity of dimeric NF-kappa-B\/REL complexes by trapping REL dimers in the cytoplasm through masking of their nuclear localization signals. On cellular stimulation by immune and proinflammatory responses, becomes phosphorylated promoting ubiquitination and degradation, enabling the dimeric RELA to translocate to the nucleus and activate transcription. . Reported localization: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm by a nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a CRM1-dependent nuclear export. .\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCancer: Researchers commonly examine how NFKBIA (NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEpigenetics and Nuclear Signaling: Researchers commonly examine how NFKBIA (NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmunology: Researchers commonly examine how NFKBIA (NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative NFKBIA (NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the NF-kappa-B inhibitor family.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P25963: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P25963\/entry - PubMed search (NFKBIA): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=NFKBIA - NCBI Gene search (NFKBIA): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=NFKBIA - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066818257261,"sku":"PB9291","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066956472685,"sku":"PB9291-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066956505453,"sku":"PB9291-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066956538221,"sku":"PB9291-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066956570989,"sku":"PB9291-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066956603757,"sku":"PB9291-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066956636525,"sku":"PB9291-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066956669293,"sku":"PB9291-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066956702061,"sku":"PB9291-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066956734829,"sku":"PB9291-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066956767597,"sku":"PB9291-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066956800365,"sku":"PB9291-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9291-nfkbia-primary-antibodies-wb-testing-1.jpg?v=1772608116"},{"product_id":"anti-interleukin-13-il13-antibody-bha21000164","title":"Anti-Interleukin-13 IL13 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eIL13 (Interleukin-13)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-Interleukin-13 IL13 Antibody catalog # RP1048. Tested in ELISA applications. This antibody reacts with Rat.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E. coli-derived rat IL-13 recombinant protein (Position: P22-H131). Rat IL-13 shares 62% and 76% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with human and mouse IL-13, respectively. (reported region: P22-H131).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 37 kDa; calculated MW: 14093 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rat\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e ELISA\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterleukin-13; Interleukin-13. IL-13, Interleukin 13, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL-13 gene. IL-13 is a kind of cytokine secreted by many cell types, but especially T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, which is an important mediator of allergic inflammation and disease. The IL-13 gene is mapped to 5q23-q31. IL-13 induces its effects through a multi-subunit receptor that includes the alpha chain of the IL-4 receptor (IL-4Rα) and at least one of two known IL-13-specific binding chains. This gene acts more prominently as a molecular bridge linking allergic inflammatory cells to the non-immune cells in contact with them, thereby altering physiological function. Functional note: Cytokine. Inhibits inflammatory cytokine production. Synergizes with IL2 in regulating interferon-gamma synthesis. May be critical in regulating inflammatory and immune responses (By similarity). . Reported localization: Secreted. Expression\/tissue context: Activated T-cells, mast cells, natural killer cells.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCytokines: Researchers commonly examine how IL13 (Interleukin-13) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmunology: Researchers commonly examine how IL13 (Interleukin-13) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInnate Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how IL13 (Interleukin-13) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eELISA-compatible use: when applicable, interpret signal as relative abundance across sample sets with consistent handling and dilution strategy.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the IL-4\/IL-13 family.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P42203: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P42203\/entry - PubMed search (IL13): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=IL13 - NCBI Gene search (IL13): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=IL13 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066818781549,"sku":"RP1048","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066939859309,"sku":"RP1048-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066939892077,"sku":"RP1048-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066939924845,"sku":"RP1048-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066939957613,"sku":"RP1048-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066939990381,"sku":"RP1048-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066940023149,"sku":"RP1048-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066940055917,"sku":"RP1048-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066940088685,"sku":"RP1048-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066940121453,"sku":"RP1048-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066940154221,"sku":"RP1048-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066940186989,"sku":"RP1048-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/rp1048-il13-primary-antibodies-elisa-testing-1.jpg?v=1772533024"},{"product_id":"anti-neuropilin-1-nrp1-antibody-picoband-bha21000205","title":"Anti-Neuropilin 1\/NRP1 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eNRP1 (Neuropilin-1)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-Neuropilin 1\/NRP1 Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9300. Tested in IHC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human, Rat. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human Neuropilin 1 recombinant protein (Position: K504-T827). Human Neuropilin 1 shares 95% and 94% amino acid (aa) sequences identity with mouse and rat Neuropilin 1, respectively. (reported region: K504-T827).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 103 kDa; calculated MW: 103134 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human,Rat\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e IHC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuropilin-1; Neuropilin-1. This gene encodes one of two neuropilins, which contain specific protein domains which allow them to participate in several different types of signaling pathways that control cell migration. Neuropilins contain a large N-terminal extracellular domain, made up of complement-binding, coagulation factor V\/VIII, and meprin domains. These proteins also contain a short membrane-spanning domain and a small cytoplasmic domain. Neuropilins bind many ligands and various types of co-receptors; they affect cell survival, migration, and attraction. Some of the ligands and co-receptors bound by neuropilins are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and semaphorin family members. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. Functional note: The membrane-bound isoform 1 is a receptor involved in the development of the cardiovascular system, in angiogenesis, in the formation of certain neuronal circuits and in organogenesis outside the nervous system. It mediates the chemorepulsant activity of semaphorins. It binds to semaphorin 3A, The PLGF-2 isoform of PGF, The VEGF-165 isoform of VEGF and VEGF-B. Coexpression with KDR results in increased VEGF-165 binding to KDR as well as increased chemotaxis. It may regulate VEGF-induced angiogenesis. Reported localization: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Expression\/tissue context: The expression of isoforms 1 and 2 does not seem to overlap. Isoform 1 is expressed by the blood vessels of different tissues. In the developing embryo it is found predominantly in the nervous system. In adult tissues, it is highly expressed in heart and placenta; moderately in lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas; and low in adult brain. Isoform 2 is found in liver hepatocytes, kidney distal and proximal tubules.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAdaptive Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how NRP1 (Neuropilin-1) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAngiogenesis: Researchers commonly examine how NRP1 (Neuropilin-1) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAxonal Guidance Proteins: Researchers commonly examine how NRP1 (Neuropilin-1) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative NRP1 (Neuropilin-1) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of NRP1 (Neuropilin-1) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the neuropilin family.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for O14786: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/O14786\/entry - PubMed search (NRP1): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=NRP1 - NCBI Gene search (NRP1): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=NRP1 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066818912621,"sku":"PB9300","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066954309997,"sku":"PB9300-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066954342765,"sku":"PB9300-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066954375533,"sku":"PB9300-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066954408301,"sku":"PB9300-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066954441069,"sku":"PB9300-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066954473837,"sku":"PB9300-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066954506605,"sku":"PB9300-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066954539373,"sku":"PB9300-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066954572141,"sku":"PB9300-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066954604909,"sku":"PB9300-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066954637677,"sku":"PB9300-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9300-1-WB-anti-neuropilin-1-antibody.jpg?v=1772533178"},{"product_id":"anti-ikb-beta-nfkbib-antibody-picoband-bha21000214","title":"Anti-IKB beta\/NFKBIB Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eNFKBIB (NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-IKB beta\/NFKBIB Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9292. Tested in IHC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human IKB beta recombinant protein (Position: E56-E237). Human IKB beta shares 82% and 80% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse and rat IKB beta, respectively. (reported region: E56-E237).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 45-48 kDa; calculated MW: 38 kDa\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human,Mouse,Rat\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e IHC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eNF-kappa-B inhibitor beta; NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta. NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta, also known as IKBB or TRIP9, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFKBIB gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the NF-kappa-B inhibitor family, which inhibit NF-kappa-B by complexing with, and trapping it in the cytoplasm. This gene is mapped to 19q13.2. It has been found that in vivo, NFKBIB serves both to inhibit and to facilitate the inflammatory response. NFKBIB degradation releases NF-kappa-B dimers, which upregulate proinflammatory target genes such as TNF-alpha. Surprisingly, absence of NFKBIB results in a dramatic reduction of TNF-alpha in response to lipopolysaccharide, even though activation of NF-kappa-B is normal. Functional note: Inhibits NF-kappa-B by complexing with and trapping it in the cytoplasm. However, the unphosphorylated form resynthesized after cell stimulation is able to bind NF-kappa-B allowing its transport to the nucleus and protecting it to further NFKBIA- dependent inactivation. Association with inhibitor kappa B- interacting NKIRAS1 and NKIRAS2 prevent its phosphorylation rendering it more resistant to degradation, explaining its slower degradation. Reported localization: Cytoplasm . Nucleus . Expression\/tissue context: Expressed in all tissues examined.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eEpigenetics and Nuclear Signaling: Researchers commonly examine how NFKBIB (NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmunology: Researchers commonly examine how NFKBIB (NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInnate Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how NFKBIB (NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative NFKBIB (NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of NFKBIB (NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the NF-kappa-B inhibitor family.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for Q15653: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q15653\/entry - PubMed search (NFKBIB): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=NFKBIB - NCBI Gene search (NFKBIB): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=NFKBIB - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066819240301,"sku":"PB9292","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066953228653,"sku":"PB9292-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066953261421,"sku":"PB9292-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066953294189,"sku":"PB9292-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066953326957,"sku":"PB9292-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066953359725,"sku":"PB9292-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066953392493,"sku":"PB9292-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066953425261,"sku":"PB9292-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066953458029,"sku":"PB9292-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066953490797,"sku":"PB9292-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066953523565,"sku":"PB9292-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066953556333,"sku":"PB9292-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9292-ikb-beta-primary-antibodies-wb-testing-1.jpg?v=1772608112"},{"product_id":"anti-optineurin-optn-antibody-picoband-bha21000241","title":"Anti-Optineurin\/OPTN Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eOPTN (Optineurin)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-Optineurin\/OPTN Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9343. Tested in Flow Cytometry, IHC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human Optineurin recombinant protein (Position: R241-I577). Human Optineurin shares 82% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with both mouse and rat Optineurin. (reported region: R241-I577).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 75 kDa; calculated MW: 65921 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human,Mouse,Rat\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e Flow Cytometry, IHC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eOptineurin; Optineurin. OPTN is also known as NRP, FIP2 or HYPL. This gene encodes the coiled-coil containing protein optineurin. Optineurin may play a role in normal-tension glaucoma and adult-onset primary open angle glaucoma. Optineurin interacts with adenovirus E3-14.7K protein and may utilize tumor necrosis factor-alpha or Fas-ligand pathways to mediate apoptosis, inflammation or vasoconstriction. Optineurin may also function in cellular morphogenesis and membrane trafficking, vesicle trafficking, and transcription activation through its interactions with the RAB8, huntingtin, and transcription factor IIIA proteins. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. Functional note: Plays an important role in the maintenance of the Golgi complex, in membrane trafficking, in exocytosis, through its interaction with myosin VI and Rab8. Links myosin VI to the Golgi complex and plays an important role in Golgi ribbon formation. Negatively regulates the induction of IFNB in response to RNA virus infection. Plays a neuroprotective role in the eye and optic nerve. Probably part of the TNF-alpha signaling pathway that can shift the equilibrium toward induction of cell death. May act by regulating membrane trafficking and cellular morphogenesis via a complex that contains Rab8 and hungtingtin (HD). Mediates the interaction of Rab8 with the probable GTPase-activating protein TBC1D17 during Rab8-mediated endocytic trafficking, such as of transferrin receptor (TFRC\/TfR); regulates Rab8 recruitnment to tubules emanating from the endocytic recycling compartment. Autophagy receptor that interacts ly with both the cargo to become degraded and an autophagy modifier of the MAP1 LC3 family; targets ubiquitin-coated bacteria (xenophagy), such as cytoplasmic Salmonella enterica, and appears to function in the same pathway as SQSTM1 and CALCOCO2\/NDP52. May constitute a cellular target for adenovirus E3 14.7, an inhibitor of TNF-alpha functions, thereby affecting cell death. . Reported localization: Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Golgi apparatus. Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network. Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Recycling endosome. Found in the perinuclear region and associates with the Golgi apparatus. Colocalizes with MYO6 and RAB8 at the Golgi complex and in vesicular structures close to the plasma membrane. Localizes to LC3-positive cytoplasmic vesicles upon induction of autophagy. Expression\/tissue context: Present in aqueous humor of the eye (at protein level). Highly expressed in trabecular meshwork. Expressed nonpigmented ciliary epithelium, retina, brain, adrenal cortex, fetus, lymphocyte, fibroblast, skeletal muscle, heart, liver, brain and placenta. .\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAdapters: Researchers commonly examine how OPTN (Optineurin) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCytokines: Researchers commonly examine how OPTN (Optineurin) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmunology: Researchers commonly examine how OPTN (Optineurin) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative OPTN (Optineurin) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of OPTN (Optineurin) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlow cytometry: quantify target-positive populations and shifts in expression; gating strategy and background staining controls are essential.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR3 subfamily.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for Q96CV9: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q96CV9\/entry - PubMed search (OPTN): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=OPTN - NCBI Gene search (OPTN): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=OPTN - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066819699053,"sku":"PB9343","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066964042093,"sku":"PB9343-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066964074861,"sku":"PB9343-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066964107629,"sku":"PB9343-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066964140397,"sku":"PB9343-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066964173165,"sku":"PB9343-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066964205933,"sku":"PB9343-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066964238701,"sku":"PB9343-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066964271469,"sku":"PB9343-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066964304237,"sku":"PB9343-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066964337005,"sku":"PB9343-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066964369773,"sku":"PB9343-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9343-optineurin-primary-antibodies-wb-testing-1.jpg?v=1772608114"},{"product_id":"anti-cd62p-selp-antibody-picoband-bha21000265","title":"Anti-CD62P\/SELP Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eSELP (P-selectin)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-CD62P\/SELP Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9363. Tested in ELISA, IHC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human CD62P recombinant protein (Position: W42-G271). Human CD62P shares 75.2% and 75.7% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse and rat CD62P, respectively. (reported region: W42-G271).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 140 kDa; calculated MW: 90 kDa\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e ELISA, IHC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eP-selectin; P-selectin. CD62P is also known as SELP or P-selectin. This gene encodes a 140 kDa protein that is stored in the alpha-granules of platelets and Weibel-Palade bodies of endothelial cells. This protein redistributes to the plasma membrane during platelet activation and degranulation and mediates the interaction of activated endothelial cells or platelets with leukocytes. The membrane protein is a calcium-dependent receptor that binds to sialylated forms of Lewis blood group carbohydrate antigens on neutrophils and monocytes. Alternative splice variants may occur but are not well documented.? Functional note: Ca (2+)-dependent receptor for myeloid cells that binds to carbohydrates on neutrophils and monocytes. Mediates the interaction of activated endothelial cells or platelets with leukocytes. The ligand recognized is sialyl-Lewis X. Mediates rapid rolling of leukocyte rolling over vascular surfaces during the initial steps in inflammation through interaction with PSGL1. . Reported localization: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Expression\/tissue context: Stored in the alpha-granules of platelets and Weibel-Palade bodies of endothelial cells. Upon cell activation by agonists, P-selectin is transported rapidly to the cell surface.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAdaptive Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how SELP (P-selectin) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAngiogenesis: Researchers commonly examine how SELP (P-selectin) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAtherosclerosis: Researchers commonly examine how SELP (P-selectin) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative SELP (P-selectin) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of SELP (P-selectin) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eELISA-compatible use: when applicable, interpret signal as relative abundance across sample sets with consistent handling and dilution strategy.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the selectin\/LECAM family.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P16109: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P16109\/entry - PubMed search (SELP): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=SELP - NCBI Gene search (SELP): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=SELP - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066820583789,"sku":"PB9363","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066974134637,"sku":"PB9363-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066974167405,"sku":"PB9363-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066974200173,"sku":"PB9363-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066974232941,"sku":"PB9363-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066974265709,"sku":"PB9363-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066974298477,"sku":"PB9363-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066974331245,"sku":"PB9363-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066974364013,"sku":"PB9363-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066974396781,"sku":"PB9363-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066974429549,"sku":"PB9363-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066974462317,"sku":"PB9363-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9363-cd62p-primary-antibodies-wb-testing-1.jpg?v=1772608121"},{"product_id":"anti-beta-2-adrenergic-receptor-adrb2-antibody-picoband-bha21000266","title":"Anti-beta 2 Adrenergic Receptor\/ADRB2 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eADRB2 (Beta-2 adrenergic receptor)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-beta 2 Adrenergic Receptor\/ADRB2 Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9365. Tested in WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human, Rat. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence in the middle region of human ADRB2, different from the related mouse and rat sequences by three amino acids.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 47 kDa; calculated MW: 46459 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human,Rat\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeta-2 adrenergic receptor; Beta-2 adrenergic receptor. ADRB2, also known as beta-2 adrenergic receptor, is a beta-adrenergic receptor within a cell membrane which reacts with adrenaline (epinephrine) as a hormone or neurotransmitter affecting muscles or organs. It is mapped to 5q32. This receptor is ly associated with one of its ultimate effectors, the class C L-type calcium channel Ca (V)1.2. The genetic variation in the ADRB2 gene may be of major importance for obesity, energy expenditure, and lipolytic ADRB2 function in adipose tissue, at least in women. What’s more, it has been found that activation of ADRB2 receptors can stimulate gamma-secretase activity and beta-amyloid production, and the ADRB2 receptors activator may contribute to beta-amyloid accumulation in AD. Functional note: Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The beta-2-adrenergic receptor binds epinephrine with an approximately 30-fold greater affinity than it does norepinephrine. Reported localization: Cell membrane ; Multi-pass membrane protein . Colocalizes with VHL at the cell membrane. Expression\/tissue context: Stored in the alpha-granules of platelets and Weibel-Palade bodies of endothelial cells. Upon cell activation by agonists, P-selectin is transported rapidly to the cell surface.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAdaptive Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how ADRB2 (Beta-2 adrenergic receptor) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAngiogenesis: Researchers commonly examine how ADRB2 (Beta-2 adrenergic receptor) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAtherosclerosis: Researchers commonly examine how ADRB2 (Beta-2 adrenergic receptor) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative ADRB2 (Beta-2 adrenergic receptor) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Adrenergic receptor subfamily. ADRB2 sub-subfamily.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P07550: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P07550\/entry - PubMed search (ADRB2): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=ADRB2 - NCBI Gene search (ADRB2): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=ADRB2 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066820780397,"sku":"PB9365","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066977739117,"sku":"PB9365-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066977771885,"sku":"PB9365-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066977804653,"sku":"PB9365-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066977837421,"sku":"PB9365-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066977870189,"sku":"PB9365-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066977902957,"sku":"PB9365-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066977935725,"sku":"PB9365-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066977968493,"sku":"PB9365-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066978001261,"sku":"PB9365-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066978034029,"sku":"PB9365-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066978066797,"sku":"PB9365-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9365-1-WB-anti-adrb2-beta-2-adrenergic-r-picoband-antibody.jpg?v=1772533257"},{"product_id":"anti-serpinb2-antibody-picoband-bha21000251","title":"Anti-SerpinB2 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eSERPINB2 (Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-SerpinB2 Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9355. Tested in IHC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human SerpinB2 recombinant protein (Position: M1-K180). Human SerpinB2 shares 70% and 66% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse and rat SerpinB2, respectively. (reported region: M1-K180).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 47 kDa; calculated MW: 46596 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e IHC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlasminogen activator inhibitor 2; Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2. SERPINB2 is also known as PAI or PAI2. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (placental PAI) is acoagulation factor that inactivates tPA and urokinase. It is present in most cells, especially monocytes\/macrophages. PAI-2 exists in two forms, a 60-kDa extracellular glycosylated form and a 43-kDa intracellular form. It is present only at detectable quantities in blood during pregnancy, as it is produced by the placenta, and may explain partially the increased rate of thrombosisduring pregnancy. The majority of expressed PAI-2 remains unsecreted due to the presence of an inefficient internal signal peptide. Functional note: Inhibits urokinase-type plasminogen activator. The monocyte derived PAI-2 is distinct from the endothelial cell- derived PAI-1. Reported localization: Cytoplasm. Secreted, extracellular space. Expression\/tissue context: Plasma. .\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eImmunology: Researchers commonly examine how SERPINB2 (Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInnate Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how SERPINB2 (Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMacrophage\/Inflammation: Researchers commonly examine how SERPINB2 (Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative SERPINB2 (Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of SERPINB2 (Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the semaphorin family.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P05120: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P05120\/entry - PubMed search (SERPINB2): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=SERPINB2 - NCBI Gene search (SERPINB2): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=SERPINB2 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066820813165,"sku":"PB9355","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066973413741,"sku":"PB9355-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066973446509,"sku":"PB9355-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066973479277,"sku":"PB9355-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066973512045,"sku":"PB9355-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066973544813,"sku":"PB9355-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066973577581,"sku":"PB9355-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066973610349,"sku":"PB9355-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066973643117,"sku":"PB9355-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066973675885,"sku":"PB9355-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066973708653,"sku":"PB9355-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066973741421,"sku":"PB9355-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9355-1-WB-anti-serpinb2-picoband-antibody.jpg?v=1772533231"},{"product_id":"anti-cd62l-sell-antibody-picoband-bha21000294","title":"Anti-CD62L\/SELL Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eSELL (L-selectin)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-CD62L\/SELL Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9389. Tested in ELISA, IHC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E. coli-derived human L-selectin recombinant protein (Position: W39-Y372). Human L-selectin shares 77.5 % and 78.7 % amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse and rat L-selectin, respectively. (reported region: W39-Y372).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 42 kDa; calculated MW: 42187 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human,Mouse,Rat\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e ELISA, IHC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eL-selectin; L-selectin. CD62L, also known as L-selectin, is a cell adhesion molecule found on leukocytes. It belongs to the selectin family of proteins, which recognize sialylated carbohydrate groups. It is cleaved by ADAM17. SELL (L-selectin) is a cell surface component that is a member of a family of adhesion\/homing receptors which play important roles in leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions. The molecule is composed of multiple domains: one homologous to lectins, one to epidermal growth factor, and two to the consensus repeat units found in C3\/C4 binding proteins. L-selectin acts as a homing receptor for leukocytes to enter secondary lymphoid tissues via high endothelial venules. Ligands present on endothelial cells will bind to leukocyte expressing L-selectin, slowing leukocyte trafficking through the blood, and facilitating entry into a secondary lymphoid organ at that point. Functional note: Cell surface adhesion protein. Mediates the adherence of lymphocytes to endothelial cells of high endothelial venules in peripheral lymph nodes. Promotes initial tethering and rolling of leukocytes in endothelia. . Reported localization: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Expression\/tissue context: Expressed in B-cell lines and T-lymphocytes. .\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAdaptive Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how SELL (L-selectin) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCardiovascular: Researchers commonly examine how SELL (L-selectin) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHematopoietic Progenitors: Researchers commonly examine how SELL (L-selectin) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative SELL (L-selectin) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of SELL (L-selectin) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eELISA-compatible use: when applicable, interpret signal as relative abundance across sample sets with consistent handling and dilution strategy.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the selectin\/LECAM family.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P14151: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P14151\/entry - PubMed search (SELL): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=SELL - NCBI Gene search (SELL): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=SELL - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066821206381,"sku":"PB9389","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066984227181,"sku":"PB9389-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066984259949,"sku":"PB9389-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066984292717,"sku":"PB9389-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066984325485,"sku":"PB9389-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066984358253,"sku":"PB9389-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066984391021,"sku":"PB9389-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066984423789,"sku":"PB9389-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066984456557,"sku":"PB9389-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066984489325,"sku":"PB9389-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066984522093,"sku":"PB9389-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066984554861,"sku":"PB9389-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9389-2-IHC-anti-l-selectin-antibody.jpg?v=1772533286"},{"product_id":"anti-hla-c-antibody-picoband-bha21000280","title":"Anti-HLA-C Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eHLA-C (MHC class I antigen)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-HLA-C Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9377. Tested in Flow Cytometry, IF, IHC, ICC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence at the C-terminus of human HLA-C.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 41 kDa; calculated MW: 40922 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e Flow Cytometry, IF, IHC, ICC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMHC class I antigen; major histocompatibility complex, class I, C. HLA-C belongs to the HLA class I heavy chain paralogues. This class I molecule is a heterodimer consisting of a heavy chain and a light chain (beta-2 microglobulin). The heavy chain is anchored in the membrane. Class I molecules play a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from endoplasmic reticulum lumen. They are expressed in nearly all cells. The heavy chain is approximately 45 kDa and its gene contains 8 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the alpha1 and alpha2 domain, which both bind the peptide, exon 4 encodes the alpha3 domain, exon 5 encodes the transmembrane region, and exons 6 and 7 encode the cytoplasmic tail. Polymorphisms within exon 2 and exon 3 are responsible for the peptide binding specificity of each class one molecule. Typing for these polymorphisms is routinely done for bone marrow and kidney transplantation. Over one hundred HLA-C alleles have been described. Functional note: Involved in the presentation of foreign antigens to the immune system. Reported localization: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Expression\/tissue context: Mainly expressed in brain with predominant expression is in the cerebellum, also present in the hippocampus, amygdala, caudate nucleus, corpus callosum, subthalamic nuclei and thalamus. Detected in the heart, skeletal muscle and pancreas.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAdaptive Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how HLA-C (MHC class I antigen) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClass I: Researchers commonly examine how HLA-C (MHC class I antigen) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHost-Virus Interaction: Researchers commonly examine how HLA-C (MHC class I antigen) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative HLA-C (MHC class I antigen) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of HLA-C (MHC class I antigen) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIF\/ICC: evaluate subcellular localization and co-localization patterns; signal can depend on fixation\/permeabilization and epitope accessibility.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlow cytometry: quantify target-positive populations and shifts in expression; gating strategy and background staining controls are essential.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the MHC class I family.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for Q5QT33: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q5QT33\/entry - PubMed search (HLA-C): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=HLA-C - NCBI Gene search (HLA-C): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=HLA-C - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066821304685,"sku":"PB9377","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066983506285,"sku":"PB9377-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066983539053,"sku":"PB9377-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066983571821,"sku":"PB9377-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066983604589,"sku":"PB9377-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066983637357,"sku":"PB9377-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066983670125,"sku":"PB9377-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066983702893,"sku":"PB9377-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066983735661,"sku":"PB9377-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066983768429,"sku":"PB9377-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066983801197,"sku":"PB9377-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066983833965,"sku":"PB9377-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9377-hla-c-primary-antibodies-wb-testing-1_1.jpg?v=1772608121"},{"product_id":"anti-socs2-antibody-picoband-bha21000288","title":"Anti-SOCS2 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eSOCS2 (Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-SOCS2 Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9400. Tested in WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human, Rat. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human SOCS2 recombinant protein (Position: R96-V198). Human SOCS2 shares 96.1% and 95.1% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse and rat SOCS2, respectively. (reported region: R96-V198).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 22 kDa; calculated MW: 22172 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human,Rat\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuppressor of cytokine signaling 2; Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOCS2 gene. This gene encodes a member of the STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), also known as suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS), family. SSI family members are cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine signaling. The expression of this gene can be induced by a subset of cytokines, including erythropoietin, GM-CSF, IL10 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). The protein encoded by this gene is found to interact with the cytoplasmic domain of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), and thus is thought to be involved in the regulation of IGF1R mediated cell signaling. By cytogenetic and radiation hybrid mapping, Yandava et al. (1999) mapped the SOCS2 gene to chromosome 12q21.3-q23. Functional note: SOCS family proteins form part of a classical negative feedback system that regulates cytokine signal transduction. SOCS2 appears to be a negative regulator in the growth hormone\/IGF1 signaling pathway. Probable substrate recognition component of a SCF-like ECS (Elongin BC-CUL2\/5-SOCS-box protein) E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Expression\/tissue context: High expression in heart, placenta, lung, kidney and prostate.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCytokines: Researchers commonly examine how SOCS2 (Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmunology: Researchers commonly examine how SOCS2 (Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInnate Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how SOCS2 (Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative SOCS2 (Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Contains 1 SH2 domain.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for O14508: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/O14508\/entry - PubMed search (SOCS2): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=SOCS2 - NCBI Gene search (SOCS2): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=SOCS2 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066821402989,"sku":"PB9400","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066984948077,"sku":"PB9400-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066984980845,"sku":"PB9400-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066985013613,"sku":"PB9400-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066985046381,"sku":"PB9400-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066985079149,"sku":"PB9400-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066985111917,"sku":"PB9400-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066985144685,"sku":"PB9400-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066985177453,"sku":"PB9400-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066985210221,"sku":"PB9400-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066985242989,"sku":"PB9400-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066985275757,"sku":"PB9400-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9400-1-WB-anti-socs2-picoband-antibody.jpg?v=1772533280"},{"product_id":"anti-rac1-antibody-picoband-bha21000326","title":"Anti-Rac1 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eRAC1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-Rac1 Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9431. Tested in Flow Cytometry, IF, IHC, ICC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence at the C-terminus of human Rac1, identical to the related mouse and rat sequences.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 21 kDa; calculated MW: 21450 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human,Mouse,Rat\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e Flow Cytometry, IF, IHC, ICC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eRas-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1; Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1. Rac1, also known as Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1, is a protein found in human cells. It is encoded by the RAC1gene. This gene can produce a variety of alternatively splicedversions of the Rac1 protein, which appear to carry out different functions. This gene is a GTPase which belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. Members of this superfamily appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Functional note: Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. Rac1 p21\/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages. Essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. Stimulates PKN2 kinase activity. In concert with RAB7A, plays a role in regulating the formation of RBs (ruffled borders) in osteoclasts. In glioma cells, promotes cell migration and invasion. In podocytes, promotes nuclear shuttling of NR3C2; this modulation is required for a proper kidney functioning. Required for atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2-induced LIMK1-PAK1-dependent phosphorylation of cofilin (CFL1) and for up-regulation of ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation. In synapses, seems to mediate the regulation of F-actin cluster formation performed by SHANK3. Reported localization: Cell membrane ; Lipid-anchor ; Cytoplasmic side . Melanosome . Cytoplasm . Inner surface of plasma membrane possibly with attachment requiring prenylation of the C-terminal cysteine (By similarity). Identified by mass spectrometry in melanosome fractions from stage I to stage IV. Found in the ruffled border (a late endosomal-like compartment in the plasma membrane) of bone-resorbing osteoclasts (By similarity). . Expression\/tissue context: Isoform B is predominantly identified in skin and epithelial tissues from the intestinal tract. Its expression is elevated in colorectal tumors at various stages of neoplastic progression, as compared to their respective adjacent tissues.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eRas Family: Researchers commonly examine how RAC1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSignal Transduction: Researchers commonly examine how RAC1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSignaling Pathway: Researchers commonly examine how RAC1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative RAC1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of RAC1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIF\/ICC: evaluate subcellular localization and co-localization patterns; signal can depend on fixation\/permeabilization and epitope accessibility.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlow cytometry: quantify target-positive populations and shifts in expression; gating strategy and background staining controls are essential.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rho family.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P63000: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P63000\/entry - PubMed search (RAC1): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=RAC1 - NCBI Gene search (RAC1): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=RAC1 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066822058349,"sku":"PB9431","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066996253037,"sku":"PB9431-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066996285805,"sku":"PB9431-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066996318573,"sku":"PB9431-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066996351341,"sku":"PB9431-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066996384109,"sku":"PB9431-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066996416877,"sku":"PB9431-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066996449645,"sku":"PB9431-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066996482413,"sku":"PB9431-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066996515181,"sku":"PB9431-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066996547949,"sku":"PB9431-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066996580717,"sku":"PB9431-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9431-rac1-primary-antibodies-wb-testing-1.jpg?v=1772608144"},{"product_id":"anti-tlr5-antibody-picoband-bha21000345","title":"Anti-TLR5 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eTLR5 (Toll-like receptor 5)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-TLR5 Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9451. Tested in Flow Cytometry, IHC, ICC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence at the C-terminus of human TLR5, different from the related mouse sequence by five amino acids.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 98 kDa; calculated MW: 97834 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e Flow Cytometry, IHC, ICC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eToll-like receptor 5; Toll-like receptor 5. TLR5 encodes a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family, which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immune responses. These receptors recognize distinct pathogen-associated molecular patterns that are expressed on infectious agents. The protein encoded by this gene recognizes bacterial flagellin, the principal component of bacterial flagella and a virulence factor. The activation of this receptor mobilizes the nuclear factor NF-kappaB, which in turn activates a host of inflammatory-related target genes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with both resistance and susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus, and susceptibility to Legionnaire disease. Functional note: Participates in the innate immune response to microbial agents. Mediates detection of bacterial flagellins. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. . Reported localization: Membrane ; Single-pass type I membrane protein . Expression\/tissue context: Highly expressed in ovary and in peripheral blood leukocytes, especially in monocytes, less in CD11c+ immature dendritic cells. Also detected in prostate and testis.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eImmunoglobulins: Researchers commonly examine how TLR5 (Toll-like receptor 5) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmunology: Researchers commonly examine how TLR5 (Toll-like receptor 5) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInnate Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how TLR5 (Toll-like receptor 5) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative TLR5 (Toll-like receptor 5) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of TLR5 (Toll-like receptor 5) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIF\/ICC: evaluate subcellular localization and co-localization patterns; signal can depend on fixation\/permeabilization and epitope accessibility.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlow cytometry: quantify target-positive populations and shifts in expression; gating strategy and background staining controls are essential.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the Toll-like receptor family.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for O60602: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/O60602\/entry - PubMed search (TLR5): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=TLR5 - NCBI Gene search (TLR5): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TLR5 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066823336301,"sku":"PB9451","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53067007852909,"sku":"PB9451-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53067007885677,"sku":"PB9451-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53067007918445,"sku":"PB9451-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53067007951213,"sku":"PB9451-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53067007983981,"sku":"PB9451-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53067008016749,"sku":"PB9451-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53067008049517,"sku":"PB9451-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53067008082285,"sku":"PB9451-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53067008115053,"sku":"PB9451-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53067008147821,"sku":"PB9451-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53067008180589,"sku":"PB9451-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9451-1-WB-anti-tlr5-picoband-antibody.jpg?v=1772608137"},{"product_id":"anti-toll-like-receptor-8-tlr8-antibody-picoband-bha21000364","title":"Anti-Toll-like receptor 8 TLR8 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eTLR8 (Toll-like receptor 8)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-Toll-like receptor 8 TLR8 Antibody catalog # RP1073. Tested in WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human, Rat. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence at the C-terminus of human TLR8, identical to the related mouse sequence.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 120 kDa; calculated MW: 119828 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human,Rat\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eToll-like receptor 8; Toll-like receptor 8. TLR8 (Toll-like receptor 8) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR8 gene. TLR8 has also been designated as CD288 (cluster of differentiation 288).The TLR8 gene is mapped to Xp22.3-p22.2 by Chuang and Ulevitch (2000) and Du et al. (2000). The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is predominantly expressed in lung and peripheral blood leukocytes, and lies in close proximity to another family member, TLR7, on chromosome X. TLR8 recognises G-rich oligonucleotides. Functional note: Key component of innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs (Toll-like receptors) control host immune response against pathogens through recognition of molecular patterns specific to microorganisms. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. . Reported localization: Membrane ; Single-pass type I membrane protein . Expression\/tissue context: Detected in brain, heart, lung, liver, placenta, in monocytes, and at lower levels in CD11c+ immature dendritic cells.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eDefensin: Researchers commonly examine how TLR8 (Toll-like receptor 8) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHuman Protein: Researchers commonly examine how TLR8 (Toll-like receptor 8) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmunoglobulins: Researchers commonly examine how TLR8 (Toll-like receptor 8) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative TLR8 (Toll-like receptor 8) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the Toll-like receptor family.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for Q9NR97: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q9NR97\/entry - PubMed search (TLR8): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=TLR8 - NCBI Gene search (TLR8): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TLR8 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066823631213,"sku":"RP1073","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53067011817837,"sku":"RP1073-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53067011850605,"sku":"RP1073-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53067011883373,"sku":"RP1073-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53067011916141,"sku":"RP1073-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53067011948909,"sku":"RP1073-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53067011981677,"sku":"RP1073-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53067012014445,"sku":"RP1073-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53067012047213,"sku":"RP1073-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53067012079981,"sku":"RP1073-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53067012112749,"sku":"RP1073-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53067012145517,"sku":"RP1073-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/rp1073-1-WB-anti-tlr8-antibody.jpg?v=1772533323"},{"product_id":"anti-cd46-antibody-picoband-bha21000382","title":"Anti-CD46 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eCD46 (Membrane cofactor protein)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-CD46 Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9486. Tested in IF, IHC, ICC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence at the C-terminus of human CD46.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 50 kDa; calculated MW: 43747 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human,Mouse,Rat\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e IF, IHC, ICC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMembrane cofactor protein; Membrane cofactor protein. CD46 complement regulatory protein also known as CD46 (cluster of differentiation 46) and Membrane Cofactor Protein is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CD46 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a type I membrane protein and is a regulatory part of the complement system. And the encoded protein has cofactor activity for inactivation of complement components C3b and C4b by serum factor I, which protects the host cell from damage by complement. In addition, the encoded protein can act as a receptor for the Edmonston strain of measles virus, human herpesvirus-6, and type IV pili of pathogenic Neisseria. Finally, the protein encoded by this gene may be involved in the fusion of the spermatozoa with the oocyte during fertilization. Mutations at this locus have been associated with susceptibility to hemolytic uremic syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. Functional note: Acts as a cofactor for complement factor I, a serine protease which protects autologous cells against complement- mediated injury by cleaving C3b and C4b deposited on host tissue. May be involved in the fusion of the spermatozoa with the oocyte during fertilization. Also acts as a costimulatory factor for T- cells which induces the differentiation of CD4+ into T-regulatory 1 cells. T-regulatory 1 cells suppress immune responses by secreting interleukin-10, and therefore are thought to prevent autoimmunity. A number of viral and bacterial pathogens seem to exploit this property and ly induce an immunosuppressive phenotype in T-cells by binding to CD46. . Reported localization: Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, acrosome inner membrane ; Single- pass type I membrane protein . Inner acrosomal membrane of spermatozoa. Internalized upon binding of Measles virus, Herpesvirus 6 or Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which results in an increased susceptibility of infected cells to complement-mediated injury. In cancer cells or cells infected by Neisseria, shedding leads to a soluble peptide. Expression\/tissue context: Expressed by all cells except erythrocytes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCell Type Markers: Researchers commonly examine how CD46 (Membrane cofactor protein) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComplement: Researchers commonly examine how CD46 (Membrane cofactor protein) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmunology: Researchers commonly examine how CD46 (Membrane cofactor protein) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative CD46 (Membrane cofactor protein) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of CD46 (Membrane cofactor protein) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIF\/ICC: evaluate subcellular localization and co-localization patterns; signal can depend on fixation\/permeabilization and epitope accessibility.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Contains 4 Sushi (CCP\/SCR) domains.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P15529: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P15529\/entry - PubMed search (CD46): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=CD46 - NCBI Gene search (CD46): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=CD46 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066824122733,"sku":"PB9486","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53067020468589,"sku":"PB9486-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53067020501357,"sku":"PB9486-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53067020534125,"sku":"PB9486-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53067020566893,"sku":"PB9486-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53067020599661,"sku":"PB9486-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53067020632429,"sku":"PB9486-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53067020665197,"sku":"PB9486-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53067020697965,"sku":"PB9486-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53067020730733,"sku":"PB9486-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53067020763501,"sku":"PB9486-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53067020796269,"sku":"PB9486-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9486-cd46-primary-antibodies-wb-testing-1.jpg?v=1772608143"},{"product_id":"anti-il7-antibody-picoband-bha21000415","title":"Anti-IL7 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eIL7 (Interleukin-7)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-IL7 Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9521. Tested in ELISA, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E. coli-derived human IL7 recombinant protein (Position: D26-H177). Human IL7 shares 56.4% and 57% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse and rat IL7, respectively. (reported region: D26-H177).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 75 kDa; calculated MW: 20187 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e ELISA, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterleukin-7; Interleukin-7. IL-7, Interleukin 7, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL-7 gene. IL-7 a hematopoietic growth factor secreted by stromal cells in the red marrow and thymus. It is also produced by keratinocytes, dendritic cells, hepatocytes, neurons, and epithelial cells but is not produced by lymphocytes. By the combination of approaches, IL-7 is located on 8q12-q13. IL-7 is critical for early T-cell development and homeostasis of naive and memory CD8-positive T cells. It signals through the IL-7 receptor complex, which consists of the IL7R-alpha chain and the common IL2R-gamma chain is critical for early T-cell development and homeostasis of naive and memory CD8 -positive T cells. It signals through the IL-7 receptor complex, which consists of the IL7R-alpha chain and the common IL2R-gamma chain. Functional note: Hematopoietic growth factor capable of stimulating the proliferation of lymphoid progenitors. It is important for proliferation during certain stages of B-cell maturation. Reported localization: Secreted. Expression\/tissue context: Widely expressed. Highest levels observed in fetal brain. In adult tissues, high levels in brain, liver and kidney, moderate levels in testis and adrenal gland and low levels in heart, lung, stomach, thymus, prostate and placenta. In the brain, highest expression in the hippocampus, high levels also detected in the cerebellum, olfactory bulb and optic nerve. In the central nervous system, lowest levels in the spinal cord. .\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCytokines: Researchers commonly examine how IL7 (Interleukin-7) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmunology: Researchers commonly examine how IL7 (Interleukin-7) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInnate Immunity: Researchers commonly examine how IL7 (Interleukin-7) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative IL7 (Interleukin-7) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eELISA-compatible use: when applicable, interpret signal as relative abundance across sample sets with consistent handling and dilution strategy.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the IL-7\/IL-9 family.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P13232: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P13232\/entry - PubMed search (IL7): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=IL7 - NCBI Gene search (IL7): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=IL7 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066825138541,"sku":"PB9521","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53067035509101,"sku":"PB9521-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53067035541869,"sku":"PB9521-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53067035574637,"sku":"PB9521-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53067035607405,"sku":"PB9521-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53067035640173,"sku":"PB9521-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53067035672941,"sku":"PB9521-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53067035705709,"sku":"PB9521-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53067035738477,"sku":"PB9521-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53067035771245,"sku":"PB9521-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53067035804013,"sku":"PB9521-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53067035836781,"sku":"PB9521-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9521-1-WB-anti-il-7-antibody.jpg?v=1772608144"},{"product_id":"anti-cd59-glycoprotein-cd59-antibody-picoband-bha21000418","title":"Anti-CD59 glycoprotein CD59 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eCD59 (CD59 glycoprotein)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-CD59 glycoprotein CD59 Antibody catalog # RP1076. Tested in Flow Cytometry, IF, IHC, ICC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human CD59 recombinant protein (Position: L26-N102). Human CD59 shares 47.1% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with rat CD59. (reported region: L26-N102).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 19 kDa; calculated MW: 14177 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e Flow Cytometry, IF, IHC, ICC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCD59 glycoprotein; CD59 glycoprotein. This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein that regulates complement-mediated cell lysis, and it is involved in lymphocyte signal transduction. And this protein is a potent inhibitor of the complement membrane attack complex, whereby it binds complement C8 and\/or C9 during the assembly of this complex, thereby inhibiting the incorporation of multiple copies of C9 into the complex, which is necessary for osmolytic pore formation. It also plays a role in signal transduction pathways in the activation of T cells. Mutations in this gene cause CD59 deficiency, a disease resulting in hemolytic anemia and thrombosis, and which causes cerebral infarction. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants, which encode the same protein, have been identified for this gene. Functional note: Potent inhibitor of the complement membrane attack complex (MAC) action. Acts by binding to the C8 and\/or C9 complements of the assembling MAC, thereby preventing incorporation of the multiple copies of C9 required for complete formation of the osmolytic pore. This inhibitor appears to be species-specific. Involved in signal transduction for T-cell activation complexed to a protein tyrosine kinase. Reported localization: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor. Secreted. Soluble form found in a number of tissues.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAtherosclerosis: Researchers commonly examine how CD59 (CD59 glycoprotein) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCardiovascular: Researchers commonly examine how CD59 (CD59 glycoprotein) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell Type Markers: Researchers commonly examine how CD59 (CD59 glycoprotein) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative CD59 (CD59 glycoprotein) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of CD59 (CD59 glycoprotein) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIF\/ICC: evaluate subcellular localization and co-localization patterns; signal can depend on fixation\/permeabilization and epitope accessibility.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlow cytometry: quantify target-positive populations and shifts in expression; gating strategy and background staining controls are essential.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Contains 1 UPAR\/Ly6 domain.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P13987: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P13987\/entry - PubMed search (CD59): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=CD59 - NCBI Gene search (CD59): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=CD59 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066825498989,"sku":"RP1076","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53067041636717,"sku":"RP1076-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53067041669485,"sku":"RP1076-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53067041702253,"sku":"RP1076-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53067041735021,"sku":"RP1076-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53067041767789,"sku":"RP1076-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53067041800557,"sku":"RP1076-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53067041833325,"sku":"RP1076-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53067041866093,"sku":"RP1076-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53067041898861,"sku":"RP1076-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53067041931629,"sku":"RP1076-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53067041964397,"sku":"RP1076-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/rp1076-1-IHC-anti-cd59-antibody.jpg?v=1772608146"},{"product_id":"anti-ccl3-macrophage-inflammatory-protein-1-alpha-antibody-picoband-bha21000468","title":"Anti-CCL3\/Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1 alpha Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eCCL3 (C-C motif chemokine 3)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-CCL3\/Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 1 alpha Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9571. Tested in ELISA, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E. coli-derived human CCL3 recombinant protein (Position: S24-A92). Human CCL3 shares 75.8% and 77.3% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with mouse and rat CCL3, respectively. (reported region: S24-A92).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 11 kDa; calculated MW: 10085 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e ELISA, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eC-C motif chemokine 3; C-C motif chemokine 3. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), also called CCL3, LD78. The cDNA for CCL3 predicts a mature peptide of 69 amino acids with a molecular mass of 7,889 daltons. CCL3 is a member of a newly identified superfamily of small inducible proteins involved in inflammatory responses, wound healing and tumorigenesis. CCL3 is a chemokine that has pro-inflammatory and stem cell inhibitory activities in vitro. It constitutes an important second signal for mast cell degranulation in the conjunctiva in vivo and consequently for acute-phase disease. Functional note: Monokine with inflammatory and chemokinetic properties. Binds to CCR1, CCR4 and CCR5. One of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. Recombinant MIP-1-alpha induces a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). . Reported localization: Secreted. Expression\/tissue context: Synthesized in liver and selectively concentrated in bone matrix. Secreted in plasma. It is also found in dentin in much higher quantities than other plasma proteins.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAntiviral Signaling: Researchers commonly examine how CCL3 (C-C motif chemokine 3) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChemokines: Researchers commonly examine how CCL3 (C-C motif chemokine 3) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmune System Diseases: Researchers commonly examine how CCL3 (C-C motif chemokine 3) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative CCL3 (C-C motif chemokine 3) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eELISA-compatible use: when applicable, interpret signal as relative abundance across sample sets with consistent handling and dilution strategy.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P10147: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P10147\/entry - PubMed search (CCL3): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=CCL3 - NCBI Gene search (CCL3): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=CCL3 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066826842477,"sku":"PB9571","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53067055464813,"sku":"PB9571-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53067055497581,"sku":"PB9571-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53067055530349,"sku":"PB9571-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53067055563117,"sku":"PB9571-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53067055595885,"sku":"PB9571-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53067055628653,"sku":"PB9571-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53067055661421,"sku":"PB9571-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53067055694189,"sku":"PB9571-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53067055726957,"sku":"PB9571-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53067055759725,"sku":"PB9571-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53067055792493,"sku":"PB9571-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9571-1-WB-anti-ccl3-mip-1alpha-picoband-antibody.jpg?v=1772608162"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/collections\/rc-immunology-complement-innate-immunity.oembed?page=14","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}