{"title":"Neurological Biomarkers","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"human-il-33-elisa-kit-ez-set-diy-antibody-pairs-bhe21000101","title":"Human IL-33 ELISA Kit EZ-Set™ (DIY Antibody Pairs)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e C9orf26, DVS27, DVS27 related protein, IL-1F11, IL-33, IL1F11, IL33, IL33_HUMAN.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eIL-33\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eIL33\u003c\/strong\u003e) is an established target in many assay panels, supporting hypothesis testing across diverse biological systems. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. Cytokines and chemokines act as soluble messengers that coordinate immune cell activation, trafficking, and effector functions. Their concentrations can change rapidly in response to infection, tissue injury, or immune stimulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological function and signaling context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn immune signaling networks, cytokine production is often induced by pattern-recognition pathways and inflammatory transcriptional programs, while feedback regulators can dampen responses to restore homeostasis. Chemokine gradients guide leukocyte migration, influencing which cell populations accumulate at a site and how long they persist.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmune activation readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shifts in abundance can reflect pathway engagement and cellular activation state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMicroenvironment profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Levels can help characterize inflammatory tone in tissues or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResponse monitoring:\u003c\/strong\u003e Time-course measurements support interpretation of stimulus, treatment, or infection models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMany cytokines and chemokines are reported to associate with inflammatory, autoimmune, infectious, and oncology-related processes. In research settings, interpreting changes benefits from pairing this analyte with complementary markers (e.g., upstream triggers, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators) and considering matrix effects.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"5 plates\/kit","offer_id":52920804508013,"sku":"EZ0929","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek0929_1.png?v=1769077508"},{"product_id":"mouse-complement-c5a-picokine-quick-elisa-kit-bhe21000274","title":"Mouse Complement C5a PicoKine® Quick ELISA Kit","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMouse \u003cstrong\u003eComplement C5a\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eC5\u003c\/strong\u003e) is a commonly measured biological analyte that can provide insight into cellular state and tissue physiology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. This analyte is often discussed in the context of \u003cstrong\u003eplasma protein and inflammation-linked pathways\u003c\/strong\u003e. Inflammation and coagulation networks include abundant plasma proteins, regulators, and cleavage products that can change with immune activation and tissue damage.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn experimental systems, protein abundance can reflect regulated expression, secretion, processing, or clearance. Interpreting changes benefits from considering compartment (cell-associated vs soluble), the time scale of regulation, and whether complexes or modified forms contribute to the measured signal.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSystems-level readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Quantification supports comparisons across conditions, time points, and treatment groups.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMechanistic interpretation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Pairing with upstream regulators and downstream markers helps contextualize changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiomarker-style profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Measuring panels of related analytes can improve interpretability in complex models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920810504557,"sku":"FEK0987","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/fek0987.png?v=1769077589"},{"product_id":"human-cd40-ligand-tnfsf5-cd40lg-elisa-kit-picokine-bhe21000526","title":"Human CD40 Ligand\/TNFSF5\/CD40LG ELISA Kit PicoKine®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e CD40 ligand, CD40-L, T-cell antigen Gp39, TNF-related activation protein, TRAP, Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 5, CD154, membrane form.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eCD40 Ligand\/TNFSF5\/CD40LG\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eCD40LG\u003c\/strong\u003e) is a commonly measured biological analyte that can provide insight into cellular state and tissue physiology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. Cytokines and chemokines act as soluble messengers that coordinate immune cell activation, trafficking, and effector functions. Their concentrations can change rapidly in response to infection, tissue injury, or immune stimulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological function and signaling context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn immune signaling networks, cytokine production is often induced by pattern-recognition pathways and inflammatory transcriptional programs, while feedback regulators can dampen responses to restore homeostasis. Chemokine gradients guide leukocyte migration, influencing which cell populations accumulate at a site and how long they persist.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmune activation readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shifts in abundance can reflect pathway engagement and cellular activation state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMicroenvironment profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Levels can help characterize inflammatory tone in tissues or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResponse monitoring:\u003c\/strong\u003e Time-course measurements support interpretation of stimulus, treatment, or infection models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMany cytokines and chemokines are reported to associate with inflammatory, autoimmune, infectious, and oncology-related processes. In research settings, interpreting changes benefits from pairing this analyte with complementary markers (e.g., upstream triggers, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators) and considering matrix effects.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920819319149,"sku":"EK0573","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek0573_0a704d13-6dc8-416f-be4c-7b7d533da50b.png?v=1769077726"},{"product_id":"human-tnfsf11-rankl-elisa-kit-picokine-bhe21000650","title":"Human TNFSF11\/RANKL ELISA Kit PicoKine®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11, Osteoclast differentiation factor, ODF, Osteoprotegerin ligand, OPGL, Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, RANKL, TNF-related activation-induced cytokine.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eTNFSF11\/RANKL\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eTNFSF11\u003c\/strong\u003e) is an established target in many assay panels, supporting hypothesis testing across diverse biological systems. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. Cytokines and chemokines act as soluble messengers that coordinate immune cell activation, trafficking, and effector functions. Their concentrations can change rapidly in response to infection, tissue injury, or immune stimulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological function and signaling context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn immune signaling networks, cytokine production is often induced by pattern-recognition pathways and inflammatory transcriptional programs, while feedback regulators can dampen responses to restore homeostasis. Chemokine gradients guide leukocyte migration, influencing which cell populations accumulate at a site and how long they persist.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmune activation readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shifts in abundance can reflect pathway engagement and cellular activation state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMicroenvironment profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Levels can help characterize inflammatory tone in tissues or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResponse monitoring:\u003c\/strong\u003e Time-course measurements support interpretation of stimulus, treatment, or infection models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMany cytokines and chemokines are reported to associate with inflammatory, autoimmune, infectious, and oncology-related processes. In research settings, interpreting changes benefits from pairing this analyte with complementary markers (e.g., upstream triggers, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators) and considering matrix effects.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920823578989,"sku":"EK0842","price":399.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek0842.jpg?v=1769077783"},{"product_id":"mouse-tnfsf11-rankl-elisa-kit-picokine-bhe21000651","title":"Mouse TNFSF11\/RANKL ELISA Kit PicoKine®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11, Osteoclast differentiation factor, ODF, Osteoprotegerin ligand, OPGL, Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, RANKL, TNF-related activation-induced cytokine.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMouse \u003cstrong\u003eTNFSF11\/RANKL\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eTNFSF11\u003c\/strong\u003e) is an established target in many assay panels, supporting hypothesis testing across diverse biological systems. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. Cytokines and chemokines act as soluble messengers that coordinate immune cell activation, trafficking, and effector functions. Their concentrations can change rapidly in response to infection, tissue injury, or immune stimulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological function and signaling context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn immune signaling networks, cytokine production is often induced by pattern-recognition pathways and inflammatory transcriptional programs, while feedback regulators can dampen responses to restore homeostasis. Chemokine gradients guide leukocyte migration, influencing which cell populations accumulate at a site and how long they persist.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmune activation readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shifts in abundance can reflect pathway engagement and cellular activation state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMicroenvironment profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Levels can help characterize inflammatory tone in tissues or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResponse monitoring:\u003c\/strong\u003e Time-course measurements support interpretation of stimulus, treatment, or infection models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMany cytokines and chemokines are reported to associate with inflammatory, autoimmune, infectious, and oncology-related processes. In research settings, interpreting changes benefits from pairing this analyte with complementary markers (e.g., upstream triggers, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators) and considering matrix effects.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920823644525,"sku":"EK0843","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek0843_2.png?v=1769077784"},{"product_id":"mouse-trkb-elisa-kit-picokine-bhe21000654","title":"Mouse TrkB ELISA Kit PicoKine®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e BDNF\/NT-3 growth factors receptor, 2.7.10.1, GP145-TrkB\/GP95-TrkB, Trk-B, Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2, TrkB tyrosine kinase, Ntrk2, Trkb.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMouse \u003cstrong\u003eTrkB\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eNTRK2\u003c\/strong\u003e) is a commonly measured biological analyte that can provide insight into cellular state and tissue physiology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. Growth factors and morphogens regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and tissue remodeling by engaging surface receptors and activating downstream signaling cascades. Their activity is often context-dependent, shaped by receptor availability, extracellular matrix binding, and feedback regulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological function and mechanism\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn many systems, growth-factor signaling integrates environmental cues with developmental or repair programs. Downstream pathways frequently include kinase signaling modules and transcriptional responses that alter cell-cycle control, migration, or lineage specification. Because these signals can be transient, quantitative measurements are useful for understanding timing and dose dependence.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePathway engagement:\u003c\/strong\u003e Concentration changes can indicate activation of growth, survival, or differentiation programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTissue remodeling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Levels may relate to repair, fibrosis, angiogenesis, or developmental patterning in model systems.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMechanistic studies:\u003c\/strong\u003e Tracking abundance alongside downstream markers helps connect ligand availability to signaling output.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAltered growth-factor signaling has been reported across diverse conditions, including cancer biology, cardiovascular remodeling, wound repair, and metabolic dysfunction. For research interpretation, consider whether the measured form represents active ligand, bound complexes, or processed fragments, as these can influence apparent levels.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920823742829,"sku":"EK0849","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek0849.jpg?v=1769077784"},{"product_id":"human-epha1-elisa-kit-picokine-bhe21001401","title":"Human EphA1 ELISA Kit PicoKine®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eEphA1\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eEPHA1\u003c\/strong\u003e) is widely studied as a molecular readout in experimental models where changes in protein abundance reflect underlying biology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. As with many protein targets, abundance can be influenced by transcriptional regulation, secretion or shedding, proteolytic processing, and clearance. Quantitative measurement is often used to connect molecular changes with phenotypes such as stress responses, immune activation, differentiation, or tissue remodeling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological context and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eProtein-level readouts complement nucleic-acid measurements by reflecting post-transcriptional control and protein stability. Depending on the model system, changes may be transient or sustained, and may represent direct pathway engagement or secondary effects. When interpreting results, consider sample matrix effects, timing relative to stimulation or treatment, and whether complexes or modified forms of the analyte may be present.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComparative quantification:\u003c\/strong\u003e Supports analysis across experimental groups, time points, or dose ranges.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePathway context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Useful as part of a broader marker panel to triangulate biological mechanisms.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eModel characterization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Helps profile baseline vs perturbed states in cells, tissues, or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eRelated pathways and interacting partners\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor many targets, interpretability improves when measured alongside biologically connected markers (e.g., upstream regulators, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators). Designing panels around a pathway hypothesis can help distinguish primary pathway activation from general stress or inflammation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920874762605,"sku":"EK1796","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek1796_d0d2d194-0f89-4a4d-ae32-37a5068c19db.png?v=1769078194"},{"product_id":"human-jam-b-jam2-elisa-kit-picokine-bhe21001436","title":"Human JAM-B\/JAM2 ELISA Kit PicoKine®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Junctional adhesion molecule B, JAM-B, Junctional adhesion molecule 2, JAM-2, Vascular endothelial junction-associated molecule, VE-JAM, CD322, JAM2.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eJAM-B\/JAM2\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eJAM2\u003c\/strong\u003e) is a commonly measured biological analyte that can provide insight into cellular state and tissue physiology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. This analyte is often discussed in the context of \u003cstrong\u003ecell-surface signaling and cell-state markers\u003c\/strong\u003e. Many receptors and surface markers act as gateways for signaling or as phenotypic indicators of specific cell populations and activation states.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn experimental systems, protein abundance can reflect regulated expression, secretion, processing, or clearance. Interpreting changes benefits from considering compartment (cell-associated vs soluble), the time scale of regulation, and whether complexes or modified forms contribute to the measured signal.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSystems-level readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Quantification supports comparisons across conditions, time points, and treatment groups.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMechanistic interpretation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Pairing with upstream regulators and downstream markers helps contextualize changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiomarker-style profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Measuring panels of related analytes can improve interpretability in complex models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"96 wells\/kit, with removable strips.","offer_id":52920876007789,"sku":"EK1842","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ek1842_5e64db57-4c12-42f7-bc53-a9ab3d20491f.png?v=1769078216"},{"product_id":"human-icam-1-cd54-ez-set-and-trade-elisa-kit-diy-antibody-pairs-bhe21002020","title":"Human ICAM-1\/CD54 EZ-Set\u0026trade; ELISA Kit (DIY Antibody Pairs)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Intercellular adhesion molecule 1, ICAM-1, Major group rhinovirus receptor, CD54, ICAM1.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eICAM-1\/CD54\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eICAM1\u003c\/strong\u003e) is a commonly measured biological analyte that can provide insight into cellular state and tissue physiology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. This analyte is often discussed in the context of \u003cstrong\u003ecell-surface signaling and cell-state markers\u003c\/strong\u003e. Many receptors and surface markers act as gateways for signaling or as phenotypic indicators of specific cell populations and activation states.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn experimental systems, protein abundance can reflect regulated expression, secretion, processing, or clearance. Interpreting changes benefits from considering compartment (cell-associated vs soluble), the time scale of regulation, and whether complexes or modified forms contribute to the measured signal.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSystems-level readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Quantification supports comparisons across conditions, time points, and treatment groups.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMechanistic interpretation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Pairing with upstream regulators and downstream markers helps contextualize changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiomarker-style profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Measuring panels of related analytes can improve interpretability in complex models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"5 plates\/kit","offer_id":52920908808557,"sku":"EZ0370","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ez0370.png?v=1769078518"},{"product_id":"human-chitinase-3-like-1-ykl-40-ez-set-and-trade-elisa-kit-diy-antibody-pairs-bhe21002098","title":"Human Chitinase 3-like 1\/YKL-40 EZ-Set\u0026trade; ELISA Kit (DIY Antibody Pairs)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Chitinase-3-like protein 1, 39 kDa synovial protein, Cartilage glycoprotein 39, CGP-39, GP-39, hCGP-39, YKL-40, CHI3L1.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eChitinase 3-like 1\/YKL-40\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eCHI3L1\u003c\/strong\u003e) is widely studied as a molecular readout in experimental models where changes in protein abundance reflect underlying biology. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. As with many protein targets, abundance can be influenced by transcriptional regulation, secretion or shedding, proteolytic processing, and clearance. Quantitative measurement is often used to connect molecular changes with phenotypes such as stress responses, immune activation, differentiation, or tissue remodeling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological context and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eProtein-level readouts complement nucleic-acid measurements by reflecting post-transcriptional control and protein stability. Depending on the model system, changes may be transient or sustained, and may represent direct pathway engagement or secondary effects. When interpreting results, consider sample matrix effects, timing relative to stimulation or treatment, and whether complexes or modified forms of the analyte may be present.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComparative quantification:\u003c\/strong\u003e Supports analysis across experimental groups, time points, or dose ranges.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePathway context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Useful as part of a broader marker panel to triangulate biological mechanisms.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eModel characterization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Helps profile baseline vs perturbed states in cells, tissues, or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eRelated pathways and interacting partners\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor many targets, interpretability improves when measured alongside biologically connected markers (e.g., upstream regulators, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators). Designing panels around a pathway hypothesis can help distinguish primary pathway activation from general stress or inflammation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"5 plates\/kit","offer_id":52920911593837,"sku":"EZ0974","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ez0974.png?v=1769078561"},{"product_id":"human-ca4-carbonic-anhydrase-4-ez-set-and-trade-elisa-kit-diy-antibody-pairs-bhe21002152","title":"Human CA4\/Carbonic anhydrase 4 EZ-Set\u0026trade; ELISA Kit (DIY Antibody Pairs)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Carbonic anhydrase 4, Carbonate dehydratase IV, Carbonic anhydrase IV, CA-IV.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eCA4\/Carbonic anhydrase 4\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eCA4\u003c\/strong\u003e) is an established target in many assay panels, supporting hypothesis testing across diverse biological systems. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. As with many protein targets, abundance can be influenced by transcriptional regulation, secretion or shedding, proteolytic processing, and clearance. Quantitative measurement is often used to connect molecular changes with phenotypes such as stress responses, immune activation, differentiation, or tissue remodeling.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological context and interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eProtein-level readouts complement nucleic-acid measurements by reflecting post-transcriptional control and protein stability. Depending on the model system, changes may be transient or sustained, and may represent direct pathway engagement or secondary effects. When interpreting results, consider sample matrix effects, timing relative to stimulation or treatment, and whether complexes or modified forms of the analyte may be present.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComparative quantification:\u003c\/strong\u003e Supports analysis across experimental groups, time points, or dose ranges.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePathway context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Useful as part of a broader marker panel to triangulate biological mechanisms.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eModel characterization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Helps profile baseline vs perturbed states in cells, tissues, or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eRelated pathways and interacting partners\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor many targets, interpretability improves when measured alongside biologically connected markers (e.g., upstream regulators, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators). Designing panels around a pathway hypothesis can help distinguish primary pathway activation from general stress or inflammation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"5 plates\/kit","offer_id":52920913428845,"sku":"EZ1939","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ez1939.png?v=1769078592"},{"product_id":"human-clec11a-ez-set-and-trade-elisa-kit-diy-antibody-pairs-bhe21002153","title":"Human CLEC11A EZ-Set\u0026trade; ELISA Kit (DIY Antibody Pairs)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e C-type lectin domain family 11 member A, C-type lectin superfamily member 3, Lymphocyte secreted C-type lectin, Osteolectin, Stem cell growth factor, p47, CLEC11A, CLECSF3.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eCLEC11A\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eCLEC11A\u003c\/strong\u003e) is an established target in many assay panels, supporting hypothesis testing across diverse biological systems. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. Cytokines and chemokines act as soluble messengers that coordinate immune cell activation, trafficking, and effector functions. Their concentrations can change rapidly in response to infection, tissue injury, or immune stimulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological function and signaling context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn immune signaling networks, cytokine production is often induced by pattern-recognition pathways and inflammatory transcriptional programs, while feedback regulators can dampen responses to restore homeostasis. Chemokine gradients guide leukocyte migration, influencing which cell populations accumulate at a site and how long they persist.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmune activation readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shifts in abundance can reflect pathway engagement and cellular activation state.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMicroenvironment profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Levels can help characterize inflammatory tone in tissues or biofluids.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResponse monitoring:\u003c\/strong\u003e Time-course measurements support interpretation of stimulus, treatment, or infection models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDisease and translational relevance\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMany cytokines and chemokines are reported to associate with inflammatory, autoimmune, infectious, and oncology-related processes. In research settings, interpreting changes benefits from pairing this analyte with complementary markers (e.g., upstream triggers, downstream effectors, and cell-type indicators) and considering matrix effects.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"5 plates\/kit","offer_id":52920913461613,"sku":"EZ1943","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ez1943_fa4bde74-f81a-4641-9f28-0737a897b53e.png?v=1769078592"},{"product_id":"human-complement-c1r-ez-set-and-trade-elisa-kit-diy-antibody-pairs-bhe21002154","title":"Human Complement C1R EZ-Set\u0026trade; ELISA Kit (DIY Antibody Pairs)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Complement C1r subcomponent, Complement component 1 subcomponent r, C1R.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHuman \u003cstrong\u003eComplement C1R\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003eC1R\u003c\/strong\u003e) is an established target in many assay panels, supporting hypothesis testing across diverse biological systems. This target is frequently investigated in \u003cstrong\u003eNeuroscience\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. This analyte is often discussed in the context of \u003cstrong\u003eplasma protein and inflammation-linked pathways\u003c\/strong\u003e. Inflammation and coagulation networks include abundant plasma proteins, regulators, and cleavage products that can change with immune activation and tissue damage.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological context\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn experimental systems, protein abundance can reflect regulated expression, secretion, processing, or clearance. Interpreting changes benefits from considering compartment (cell-associated vs soluble), the time scale of regulation, and whether complexes or modified forms contribute to the measured signal.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eWhy it matters in research\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSystems-level readout:\u003c\/strong\u003e Quantification supports comparisons across conditions, time points, and treatment groups.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMechanistic interpretation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Pairing with upstream regulators and downstream markers helps contextualize changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiomarker-style profiling:\u003c\/strong\u003e Measuring panels of related analytes can improve interpretability in complex models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"5 plates\/kit","offer_id":52920913494381,"sku":"EZ1954","price":500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ez1954.png?v=1769078593"},{"product_id":"9l-lacz-cell-bhc11101188","title":"9L\/lacZ cell","description":"The 9L\/lacZ cell line is a well-characterized rat gliosarcoma cell line commonly used in neurobiological and oncological research. Originally derived from a nitrosourea-induced rat brain tumor, this line has been engineered to express the lacZ gene, which encodes the enzyme β-galactosidase. This modification facilitates the tracing and studying of tumor cells in vivo, particularly useful in experiments involving tumor progression and metastasis. The expression of lacZ allows for the easy identification of these cells using X-gal staining, which turns the cells blue when they express β-galactosidase.\n\nThese cells exhibit aggressive tumor-forming capabilities when implanted in immunocompromised or syngeneic hosts, making them a robust model for studying brain cancer dynamics and testing therapeutic strategies against gliomas. Additionally, the 9L\/lacZ cell line has been utilized in gene therapy trials, particularly in assessing the efficacy of suicide genes and other genetic interventions aimed at controlling tumor growth. This line is also pivotal in understanding the interactions between tumor cells and the host's immune system, thereby contributing insights into the complexities of tumor immunology.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101188\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950195798381,"sku":"305208","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/9L-lacZ_20P0_20305208-M_2020x01_20191022_1920x1920_b21ad7fe-8c29-4f32-ab26-e83801191a08.jpg?v=1769068935"},{"product_id":"a172-cell-bhc11100084","title":"A172 cell","description":"A-172 (A172 or A-172 MG) is a significant cell line used in neuroscience research. It originates from the brain tissue of a 53-year-old male with glioblastoma, a type of brain cancer. These cells adhere and spread on the surface of culture dishes, with a karyotype of n = 80 (80 chromosomes). A-172 cells are hypertriploid, exhibiting over 20 marker chromosomes. They have been shown to be non-tumorigenic in anti-thymocyte serum treated NIH Swiss mice. A-172 cells have a gene expression profile that highlights their mesenchymal lineage and involvement in angiogenesis. \nThey express genes related to mesenchymal markers (CD90, CD105, fibroblast activation protein, tenascin C) and angiogenesis inducers (VEGF, FGF2 (b), TGFb1, thrombospondin-1). Comparisons with the T98G cell line reveal differences in morphology and surface marker expression. Both cell lines show high expression of a2 smooth muscle actin. Changing the fetal serum concentration in the culture medium affects the proportion of cells expressing specific surface antigens, such as CD73 and CD105.\nA-172 and T98G cell lines accurately represent glioblastomas, providing valuable tools for studying this brain tumor. Their gene expression profiles and morphological features allow for investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying glioblastoma development and progression. Researchers can utilize A-172 cells to gain insights into glioblastoma biology and potentially identify new therapeutic targets for this devastating disease.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100084\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950195831149,"sku":"300108","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/A172_20P1_20WaKo_2020x01_20240625_ch00_1920x1920_754cba0a-477b-43e6-b8a3-bfaecc221391.jpg?v=1769068935"},{"product_id":"bend-3-cell-bhc11101458","title":"Bend.3 cell","description":"The Bend.3 cell line is derived from mouse brain endothelial cells and is widely utilized in neurovascular research. These cells serve as a model for studying the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a critical structure that regulates the passage of substances from the bloodstream into the brain. Bend.3 cells are instrumental in exploring the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing BBB integrity, permeability, and transport functions. Researchers use Bend.3 cells to investigate the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders, such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis, where BBB dysfunction is a hallmark.\nBend.3 cells exhibit endothelial characteristics, including the expression of tight junction proteins such as occludin, claudins, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), which are essential for maintaining the selective permeability of the BBB. They also express markers like CD31 and von Willebrand factor, typical of endothelial cells. Bend.3 cells respond to inflammatory stimuli and oxidative stress, making them suitable for studies on BBB disruption and neuroinflammation. Additionally, this cell line is used to assess the efficacy and safety of pharmacological agents intended to cross the BBB, aiding in the development of treatments for central nervous system disorders. The utility of Bend.3 cells in modeling the neurovascular unit underscores their importance in advancing our understanding of brain endothelial cell biology and the development of neurotherapeutics.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101458\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950198092141,"sku":"305265","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/Bend.3_20P1_2020x01_20140525_ch00_1920x1920_45825e74-d602-4464-a424-1efb889c0ff1.jpg?v=1769068955"},{"product_id":"bv2-cell-bhc11101230","title":"BV2 cell","description":"BV2 cells are a type of microglial cell line derived from C57BL\/6 murine, a widely used laboratory mouse strain for animal experiments. These microglial cells have been immortalized using the J2 retrovirus, which carries the v-raf and v-myc oncogenes, resulting in a stable cell line with unique characteristics. BV2 cells express nuclear v-myc and cytoplasmic v-RAF oncogenes, along with the env gp70 antigen on their surface, contributing to their role in immune responses and inflammation within the brain. One of the critical advantages of BV2 cells is their ability to retain the morphological and functional characteristics of primary microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, making them an ideal model for studying neurodegeneration and brain inflammation.\nThe role of microglia in neurodegeneration, toxicology, and immunity, particularly in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, is an ever-growing field in biomedical research. Traditional studies often rely on primary microglia cultures and continuous cell preparations. Using a microglia-like cell line, such as BV2 cells, offers a promising alternative by providing a continuous and reproducible source of microglia. BV2 cells, due to v-raf\/v-myc expression, show enhanced metabolism and growth, ideal for research on microglial activation and inflammation. Their expression of specific oncogenes and antigens mirrors macrophages, making them valuable for studying immune responses and disease mechanisms.\nA recent re-evaluation of mice BV2 microglia cells examined their suitability as a substitute for primary microglia (PM). The response of BV2 cells to lipopolysaccharide was compared with that of microglia in both in vitro and in vivo settings, however, with the upregulation of genes being slightly less pronounced on average. BV2 cells displayed normal regulation of nitric oxide and functional response to IFN-gamma, critical parameters for their interaction with T cells, neurons, and other glial cells such as astrocytes. BV2 cells were also found to stimulate other glial cells effectively, leading to the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in astrocytes.\nThis interaction between astrocytes and microglia is crucial for understanding the complex cell-cell interactions and the inflammatory response in the brain, especially in the context of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, where proteins such as NAPoe31 and NAPoe41, as well as pathways like the startle response and apoptosis, play significant roles.\nBV2 cells offer a robust and reliable tool for researchers in microglial biology. Their expression of v-raf\/v-myc oncogene products enables them to retain key characteristics of microglia and macrophages. BV2 cells have proven to be a valid substitute for primary microglia in various experimental settings, facilitating research on neurodegeneration, toxicology, immunity, and cell-cell interactions.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101230\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950199796077,"sku":"305156","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/BV2_20P3_2040x01_2011072022_1920x1920_5caaab4a-dc5b-477d-86fe-d797e57c646a.jpg?v=1769068970"},{"product_id":"c17-2-cell-bhc11101523","title":"C17.2 cell","description":"The C17.2 cell line is a neural progenitor line derived from the mouse cerebellum using retroviral-mediated oncogene transfer with the avian myc gene. It is one of several lines developed to study the differentiation potential of neural progenitor cells, particularly focusing on neuron and glial cell lineages. C17.2 cells exhibit key characteristics of neural progenitors and can differentiate into both neuronal and glial cells under appropriate conditions, making them valuable for studies on neural development, neurogenesis, and gliogenesis.\nOne defining feature of C17.2 is its potential to differentiate into distinct neural cell types while maintaining mitotic potential, allowing for extended culture and experimental manipulation. This line expresses markers characteristic of neural stem and progenitor cells and can be induced to express lineage-specific markers depending on the differentiation protocol. The stability and multipotency of C17.2 enable its use in examining factors affecting lineage commitment in neural cells, as well as its application in neural repair and regeneration research.\nResearchers employ C17.2 cells in both in vitro and in vivo contexts to understand mechanisms controlling cell fate within the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, the line’s well-characterized gene integration sites and consistent expression of specific neural markers make it a reliable model for neurodevelopmental studies and for exploring the potential therapeutic roles of neural progenitor cells in neurodegenerative disease models.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101523\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950199927149,"sku":"305354","price":650.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/C17.2_20P3_2020x01_20140225_20unbeschichtet_ch00_1920x1920_5351c43f-da1c-47f3-b8bb-8a18b8c93f21.jpg?v=1769068973"},{"product_id":"c6-cell-bhc11100626","title":"C6 cell","description":"The C6 cell line maintains glial cell type with fibroblast morphology and originates from a glioma of a Wisthar-Furth rat. The glioma was induced by exposure to N-nitrosomethylurea, following numerous cycles of alternating culture and animal passages. \nThe C6 glioma cell line is frequently utilized in neuro-oncology research to create animal models that closely mimic the characteristics of human glioma, aiding in the development of new therapeutic agents and strategies. It is particularly effective in 3D cell culture and high-throughput screening. \nC6 cells are genetically diverse, possessing a wild-type p53 gene, increased Rb gene expression, and a mutant p16\/Cdkn2a\/Ink4a locus but lacking p16 and p19ARF mRNA expression. They also overexpress several genes in human gliomas, such as PDGFβ, IGF-1, EGFR, and Erb3\/Her3 precursor proteins. \nHowever, the expression of IGF-2, FGF-9, and FGF-10 is reduced, while MMP-7 gene expression remains unchanged. Like human gliomas, C6 cells show increased activity of the Ras pathway genes, which is regulated by the elevated expression of the Ras guanine triphosphate activator protein. \nThe C6 cell line has been utilized in various studies. For instance, it was used to examine the ability of 2-(2,4-dihydroxy phenyl)thieno-1,3-thiazin-4-one (BChTT) to halt cancer cell proliferation and to investigate the mechanisms involved in this process. \nIn another research, the cytotoxic and antioxidant properties of the supercritical CO2 extract (SCE) of an old man's beard (Usnea barbata) were studied using C6 cells. Interestingly, these cells have been reported to show increased levels of glyceryl phosphate dehydrogenase activity in response to glucocorticoids.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100626\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950200058221,"sku":"500142","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/c6-_281_29__281_29.jpg?v=1769068975"},{"product_id":"c8-d1a-cell-bhc11101231","title":"C8-D1A cell","description":"The C8-D1A cell line is an astrocyte cell line derived from the cerebral cortex of an 8-day-old C57BL\/6 mouse. This cell line is extensively used in neurobiological research due to its robust astrocytic properties, which make it a representative model for studying various aspects of astrocyte function and neuron-glia interactions. The C8-D1A cells express glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a hallmark intermediate filament protein of mature astrocytes, indicating their differentiated state and astrocytic lineage.\n\nResearch utilizing the C8-D1A cell line has contributed significantly to understanding neuroinflammatory responses, glial scar formation, and the role of astrocytes in neurotransmitter regulation and synaptic maintenance. These cells provide a consistent and controlled in vitro environment for dissecting molecular pathways involved in neurodegeneration, CNS injuries, and astrocyte-mediated neuroprotection. Their utility in assays related to drug discovery, particularly for neurological disorders, underscores their importance in therapeutic development processes.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101231\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950200123757,"sku":"300316","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/C8-D1A_20P1_2020x01_20160425_ch00_1920x1920_8f2e8098-79b8-4fd1-87ae-072b45eeefdd.jpg?v=1769068977"},{"product_id":"ccf-sttg1-cell-bhc11100192","title":"CCF-STTG1 cell","description":"The CCF-STTG1 cell line is a human astrocytoma cell line derived from a cerebral tumor. This cell line is of particular interest in cancer research due to its origin from a malignant astrocytoma, which is a type of brain tumor derived from astrocytes cells that support nerve cells. The CCF-STTG1 cells exhibit a robust capacity for proliferation and maintain several characteristics typical of astrocytes, making them a valuable model for studying the biological and molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis in the central nervous system.\n\nCCF-STTG1 cells are used extensively in oncological studies, particularly in those examining the genetic and epigenetic alterations that contribute to brain tumor pathology. These cells are useful in assays for drug screening and resistance, gene expression analysis, and for studying the effects of cancer therapeutics on cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis. Researchers also utilize this cell line to explore the complex signaling pathways involved in cancer progression and to test novel therapeutic targets for glioblastoma and other astrocytomas.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100192\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950200779117,"sku":"300388","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CCF-STTG-1_20_284_29_1920x1920_2bc3ec0f-069b-4660-b4df-d4495138dd2e.jpg?v=1769068986"},{"product_id":"ctx-tna2-cell-bhc11101506","title":"CTX TNA2 cell","description":"CTX TNA2 is a rat astrocyte cell line that was established from primary cultures of cortical astrocytes. It is often used to study central nervous system (CNS) functions, particularly in relation to glial biology, neurotoxicity, and neuroprotection. Astrocytes play a critical role in maintaining CNS homeostasis, providing structural and metabolic support to neurons, and mediating responses to injury and oxidative stress.\nIn various studies, CTX TNA2 cells have been employed to model neurotoxicity, especially involving excitotoxicity induced by agents such as glutamate. For instance, exposure to glutamate in CTX TNA2 cells triggers apoptosis and autophagy through mechanisms involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway. These pathways are central to the cells' response to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, particularly after traumatic brain injury or other neurodegenerative conditions. Additionally, neuroprotective agents like resveratrol and cannabidiol (CBD) have been shown to reduce ROS generation and inhibit glutamate-induced autophagy and apoptosis in these astrocytes.\nThe CTX TNA2 cell line has proven to be a valuable in vitro model for studying not only basic astrocyte function but also the therapeutic potential of antioxidant and neuroprotective compounds under conditions of CNS injury and disease.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101506\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950202483053,"sku":"305358","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CTX-TNA2_20WaKo_20P1_2010x01_20061224_ch00_1920x1920_fddeef45-31f6-4b31-89d3-647267ee50db.jpg?v=1769069003"},{"product_id":"d283med-cell-bhc11101144","title":"D283Med cell","description":"The D283Med cell line is a human medulloblastoma cell line that was derived from the cerebellum of a 6-year-old male. Medulloblastoma is a type of primitive neuroectodermal tumor that primarily affects children and is located in the cerebellum, the part of the brain responsible for motor control and coordination. D283Med cells are widely used in oncological research, particularly in studies focused on the biology and pharmacology of medulloblastomas.\n\nThis cell line exhibits an adherent growth pattern and has been used extensively to explore the molecular pathways involved in medulloblastoma pathogenesis, such as the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and WNT signaling pathways, which are known to play significant roles in the development and progression of these tumors. Researchers utilize the D283Med line to assess therapeutic efficacy and resistance, study gene expression profiles, and explore novel therapeutic targets. The line's robust growth and typical medulloblastoma genetic features make it a valuable model for preclinical studies aimed at understanding tumor biology and testing anticancer drugs.\n\nFurthermore, D283Med cells are utilized in genetic studies to understand the impact of mutations and to assess mechanisms of metastasis and recurrence in medulloblastoma. They provide a crucial tool for the investigation of oncogenic processes at the cellular level, thereby contributing significantly to the development of targeted therapies for this aggressive pediatric brain tumor.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101144\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950202614125,"sku":"300330","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/D283-Med_20P3_2020x01_20160823_1920x1920_c1d34ad1-7090-4bc1-bde2-af89f8cc254e.jpg?v=1769069005"},{"product_id":"d341med-cell-bhc11101145","title":"D341Med cell","description":"The D341 Med cell line was established in 1988 by Friedman et al. from tumor tissue extracted from a 3-year-old boy diagnosed with medulloblastoma. Medulloblastoma is a highly malignant pediatric brain tumor predominantly occurring in the cerebellum. This cell line is crucial for research due to its origin from a common type of childhood brain cancer, providing insights into the tumor biology and genetics specific to pediatric cases. D341 Med has been extensively utilized in studies aimed at understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of medulloblastoma, including investigations into the genetic mutations and signaling pathways that contribute to tumorigenesis and treatment resistance.\n\nIn addition to its role in basic research, the D341 Med cell line has been instrumental in preclinical studies assessing new therapeutic approaches for medulloblastoma. Its genetic profile, which reflects common alterations seen in human tumors, makes it an excellent model for evaluating the efficacy of potential drugs and novel therapeutic strategies. The use of D341 Med in these studies helps to bridge the gap between laboratory research and clinical application, supporting the development of targeted therapies that could offer improved outcomes for children affected by this devastating disease.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101145\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950202646893,"sku":"305136","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/D341_20Med_20P5_20305136-M_2020x2_2001032023_1920x1920_fdf90b1b-fada-4988-9c27-9f0fdc2965aa.jpg?v=1769069005"},{"product_id":"daoy-cell-bhc11101342","title":"Daoy cell","description":"The Daoy cell line, established in 1985 by P.F. Jacobsen at the Royal Perth Hospital in Western Australia, is a human cell line derived from a medulloblastoma, a type of brain tumor predominantly found in children. This cell line originated from a biopsy of a posterior fossa tumor in a 4-year-old boy. Medulloblastomas are typically located in the cerebellum, an area of the brain crucial for motor control and coordination, and are the most common malignant brain tumors in children.\n\nDaoy cells are widely used as a model system for studying the biology of medulloblastoma, including tumor initiation, progression, and response to therapies. The cell line has been instrumental in medulloblastoma research, particularly in understanding the molecular and genetic basis of the disease, as well as in testing chemotherapeutic agents. The cells exhibit typical features of malignant medulloblastomas, including rapid growth rates and the ability to form tumors when transplanted into immunocompromised mice. Research using the Daoy cell line has contributed to the development of potential new treatments and therapeutic targets for medulloblastoma.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101342\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950202712429,"sku":"305053","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/Daoy_20P1_20305053_2020x01_2003032023_1920x1920_095fb86b-5dcb-4fca-9adb-76ec4f6efd9b.jpg?v=1769069006"},{"product_id":"di-tnc1-cell-bhc11101539","title":"DI TNC1 cell","description":"The DI TNC1 cell line is an immortalized astrocyte model derived from primary type-1 astrocytes taken from the diencephalon of a neonatal rat. The cells were immortalized using the polyomavirus middle T-antigen, granting them the ability to proliferate indefinitely while maintaining several characteristics of primary astrocytes. DI TNC1 cells are widely used in neuroinflammation and neuroprotection studies, particularly for exploring astrocytic energy metabolism, response to oxidative stress, and the regulation of inflammatory pathways. These cells express key astrocytic markers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100β protein, and are involved in metabolic processes, including glycogen storage and energy provision to neurons.\n\nOne of the hallmark features of DI TNC1 astrocytes is their involvement in energy metabolism studies. Research has demonstrated that these cells respond to various neurotransmitters, such as noradrenaline and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), by undergoing glycogenolysis and modulating cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels. Additionally, DI TNC1 cells have been shown to utilize glucose and produce lactate, which are crucial for supporting neuronal functions. However, certain responses seen in primary astrocytes, like glutamate-stimulated glycolysis or significant long-term glycogen resynthesis, are not as robust in DI TNC1 cells. This highlights the utility of DI TNC1 cells in dissecting specific aspects of astrocyte physiology that are relevant to energy dynamics in the central nervous system.\n\nAnother significant area of study using DI TNC1 cells involves the investigation of oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling pathways. For example, DI TNC1 cells have been used to analyze the regulation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways. Experiments with botanical polyphenols like quercetin and extracts from plants such as Ashwagandha have shown that these compounds can modulate the NF-κB and Nrf2\/ARE (antioxidant response element) pathways in DI TNC1 astrocytes. Specifically, quercetin has been found to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NF-κB activity and enhance Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defenses, illustrating the potential of these cells for screening anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101539\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950202974573,"sku":"305343","price":550.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/DI_20TNC1_20P1_2010x01_20100924_ch00_1920x1920_2e1e772c-ae95-4cf5-aadf-8b017d952d72.jpg?v=1769069009"},{"product_id":"gh3-cell-bhc11101166","title":"GH3 cell","description":"The GH3 cell line, originating from a rat pituitary tumor, is a critical resource in the study of pituitary functions, particularly regarding the secretion of prolactin and growth hormone. These cells possess characteristics of both somatotropic and lactotropic cells, enabling detailed investigations into pituitary hormones and their regulatory mechanisms. The cell line is extensively utilized to understand the effects of hormonal treatments and genetic modifications on the secretion of these hormones. GH3 cells respond significantly to thyroid-stimulating hormones, making them a valuable model for assays that measure the impact of various compounds on pituitary gland activities.\nResearch employing GH3 cells often delves into how these cells react to different hormonal stimuli. For example, hydrocortisone is known to promote growth hormone production while inhibiting prolactin output in these cells, making GH3 a preferred model for exploring hormonal balance and the endocrine system’s response to stress and other physiological factors. Such studies are pivotal in advancing our understanding of pituitary gland disorders and crafting therapies for conditions like growth deficiencies and hyperprolactinemia.\nMoreover, GH3 cells are instrumental in pharmacological testing and biotechnological applications aimed at developing treatments for pituitary-related disorders. Their ability to produce more growth hormone compared to GH1 cells, along with prolactin, allows researchers to examine the regulation and effects of these hormones under various conditions. This unique profile is essential for understanding the complex interactions within the endocrine system and for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101166\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950204318061,"sku":"300383","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/EB1_20WaKo_20P1_2020x01_20270225_ch00_1920x1920_439a1a1d-784a-4638-8c32-837df393f7bc.jpg?v=1769069027"},{"product_id":"gimen-cell-bhc11100523","title":"GIMEN cell","description":"The GIMEN cell line is derived from the bone marrow metastasis of a young child diagnosed with stage IV neuroblastoma. These cells are classified as N-type, which typically indicates a neuroblastic phenotype characterized by high cell density, neuronal properties, and the capability for extensive neurite outgrowth in culture. The establishment of the GIMEN cell line provides a valuable model for studying the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying aggressive forms of neuroblastoma, particularly those associated with metastatic dissemination.\n\nFunctionally, GIMEN cells exhibit notable interactions with various cytokines and growth factors. Specifically, their growth is inhibited by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), a cytokine known for its antiproliferative effects on certain cancer cells. Furthermore, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) demonstrates an antimitogenic effect on these cells, which can be reversed by the addition of IFN-gamma. This reversal suggests a complex interplay between these factors in modulating cell proliferation. Additionally, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) enhances the antimitogenic effects of FGF-2, indicating its potential role in the regulation of tumor growth dynamics in the neuroblastoma microenvironment. These interactions highlight the GIMEN cell line's utility in exploring the impact of cytokines and growth factors on neuroblastoma progression and response to therapy.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100523\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950204350829,"sku":"300179","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/Gimen_20P1_2020x01_20110523_1920x1920_ce6a49fb-1287-4ebe-9aa8-623c6e386e14.jpg?v=1769069027"},{"product_id":"gl261-cell-bhc11101428","title":"GL261 cell","description":"The GL261 cell line is a murine glioma model derived from C57BL\/6 mice. This cell line is widely used in neuro-oncology research due to its ability to closely mimic the aggressive and invasive characteristics of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GL261 cells grow as adherent cultures and form tumors when injected intracranially into syngeneic hosts, making them an ideal model for studying glioma progression, tumor microenvironment interactions, and therapeutic responses in an immunocompetent setting.\nGL261 cells are known for their high proliferative capacity and expression of various glioma-associated markers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100. They exhibit mutations in key oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, including p53 and PTEN, which are commonly altered in human GBM. This genetic profile, along with their robust in vivo tumorigenicity, has made GL261 a valuable tool for preclinical evaluation of anti-glioma therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy approaches. Researchers also utilize GL261 cells to investigate the mechanisms of glioma invasion and resistance to treatment, contributing to the development of more effective clinical strategies.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101428\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950204383597,"sku":"305225","price":450.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/gl261-_282_29_1920x1920_e7e3739c-3476-42c1-83d9-69610d3ea0eb.jpg?v=1769069028"},{"product_id":"h4-cell-bhc11100388","title":"H4 cell","description":"H4 cells are a human neuroglioma cell line derived from the central nervous system. These cells are often utilized in neurological research, particularly in studies focusing on neurobiology and neuropharmacology. H4 cells provide a valuable model for understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of gliomas, offering insights into tumor biology, response to therapeutic agents, and the regulation of gene expression within the nervous system.\n\nThe H4 cell line is known for its robust use in experiments involving neurotoxicity and neuroprotection, serving as a tool to evaluate the effects of various substances on neuronal cells. Researchers use H4 cells to study the cellular processes involved in neurodegeneration and to screen potential neuroprotective and neuroregenerative compounds. Their consistent growth and maintenance characteristics under laboratory conditions make them a reliable resource for in vitro experiments aimed at elucidating neurological functions and disorders.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100388\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950204481901,"sku":"300184","price":550.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/H4_20WaKo_20P1_2020x01_20180925_ch00_1920x1920_2a688e57-f5c4-4613-8e8e-a272908a2f3e.jpg?v=1769069029"},{"product_id":"hbl-52-cell-bhc11100570","title":"HBL-52 cell","description":"HBL-52 is a human cell line derived from a transitional meningioma grade I, specifically localized at the optic canal. This cell line originates from a female adult patient and exhibits epithelial-like morphology. Meningiomas are typically benign tumors that arise from the meninges, the membranous layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The transitional subtype represents a histological category where the tumor cells demonstrate a mixture of fibrous and meningothelial characteristics.\n\nRecent studies have highlighted the responsiveness of HBL-52 cells to resveratrol, a naturally occurring polyphenol with significant anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Resveratrol has been found to inhibit proliferation in HBL-52 meningioma cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic role in managing or treating meningiomas, particularly those located in critical areas like the optic canal. This inhibition of cell proliferation highlights the utility of HBL-52 in pharmacological research and drug testing, providing a valuable model for assessing the efficacy of compounds that may influence tumor growth dynamics. Given its origin and benign nature, the HBL-52 cell line is a valuable model for studying meningioma pathogenesis, particularly in understanding the cellular behaviors and molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of meningiomas at unique anatomical sites like the optic canal.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100570\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950204842349,"sku":"300188","price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/hbl-52-_281_29_1920x1920_12ca53d1-ed22-4fd1-a9a8-006c19024ccc.jpg?v=1769069034"},{"product_id":"hcmec-d3-cell-bhc11101412","title":"hCMEC\/D3 cell","description":"The HCMEC\/D3 cell line represents an immortalized human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line, extensively utilized in the study of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This cell line was generated through the transduction of primary human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells with a lentiviral vector expressing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), a crucial enzyme for maintaining telomere length and thereby promoting cellular longevity without transforming the cell phenotype. The introduction of hTERT helps these cells to bypass the replicative senescence that limits the lifespan of primary cells, allowing sustained propagation in culture.\n\nHCMEC\/D3 cells retain key physiological and morphological characteristics of primary cerebral endothelial cells, making them a valuable model for in vitro studies of the BBB. These include the expression of tight junction proteins such as claudin-5, occludin, and zonula occludens-1, which are critical for maintaining barrier integrity. The cells also express various transporters and receptors typical of the cerebral endothelium, supporting their use in studies related to drug delivery and neurovascular disorders. The ability of HCMEC\/D3 to form a tight monolayer with high electrical resistance underscores their suitability for BBB permeability assays.\n\nResearch utilizing HCMEC\/D3 cells has covered a wide range of applications, including the investigation of cerebral pathologies such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, and metastasis of cancer to the brain. Their compatibility with various molecular biology techniques also makes them an excellent tool for studying endothelial cell responses to inflammatory stimuli, shear stress, and neurotoxic substances. This cell line provides a robust, reproducible platform for dissecting the molecular events at the cerebral endothelial level, contributing valuable insights into the complexities of neurovascular health and disease.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101412\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950205301101,"sku":"305024","price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/hcmecd3_20_281_29_1920x1920_8307224f-a894-4ffd-b079-99a1097a9f1f.jpg?v=1769069040"},{"product_id":"hmc3-cell-bhc11101245","title":"HMC3 cell","description":"The Human Microglial Clone 3 (HMC3) cell line was developed in 1995 by Professor Tardieu's team through the SV40-dependent immortalization of microglial cells from human spinal cord and cortical tissues, obtained from embryos aged between 8 to 12 weeks. These primary cells, characterized by slow division and complex morphologies, were initially cultured for 10-15 days before immortalization. The HMC3 cells maintained several key features of primary microglia, such as a diverse expression of myeloid markers like CD68, CD11b, and CD14, though the expression levels varied notably with the choice of primary antibody, particularly for CD68.\nFollowing immortalization, the HMC3 cells exhibited enhanced proliferation rates, with doubling times between 24 and 48 hours, while preserving many phenotypic and morphological characteristics of their primary counterparts. Notably, there was a higher proportion of CD68 EBM\/11-positive cells and a reduction in phagocytic activity compared to the primary cells. Stability in antigenic expression was confirmed across 35 passages, with the cells remaining positive for NSE, CD68, and CD11b, but negative for CD14, MHCII, and CD4 under baseline conditions. However, exposure to interferon-γ (IFNγ) elevated MHCII expression, aligning more closely with primary culture responses to the same treatment.\nFunctionally, the HMC3 line distinguished itself by producing higher levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) under basal conditions compared to other clones. Despite this, a direct comparison with primary microglial cells' cytokine production remains challenging due to methodological differences. The response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in these immortalized lines appeared diminished relative to primary cultures. Consistent with primary microglial characteristics, the HMC3 and other cloned lines did not produce tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), either spontaneously or following pro-inflammatory stimulation, highlighting a specific trait of human embryonic microglia.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101245\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950208577901,"sku":"300102","price":550.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/HMC-3_20P1_2020x01_20140623_1920x1920_48698c4d-7e70-44c0-9e8d-6c9a5469d5c2.jpg?v=1769069067"},{"product_id":"hroc57-cell-bhc11100426","title":"HROC57 cell","description":"This is one cell line of a series of tumor cell lines which have been established by PD Dr. Michael Linnebacher from Primary CRC resection specimens since 2006.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100426\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 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