{"title":"Cell Biology Cells","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"143b-cell-bhc11101424","title":"143B cell","description":"The 143B cell line is a human osteosarcoma cell line derived from a bone tumor. It is often used in cancer research due to its high metastatic potential and ability to form osteosarcoma tumors in vivo. These cells exhibit several key characteristics of osteosarcoma, including the expression of osteoblastic markers and the ability to produce osteoid. The 143B cell line is especially valuable for studying the mechanisms underlying bone cancer progression and metastasis, as well as for testing potential therapeutic agents aimed at treating osteosarcoma.\n143B cells are known for their rapid growth and high transfection efficiency, making them suitable for genetic manipulation and various experimental applications. These cells have been utilized in studies investigating the role of specific genes and signaling pathways in osteosarcoma development and resistance to chemotherapy. Additionally, the 143B cell line serves as a model for exploring the interactions between osteosarcoma cells and the bone microenvironment, providing insights into the complex biology of bone tumors.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101424\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950195011949,"sku":"305232","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/143B_20WaKo_20P1_2010x01_20141024_ch00_1920x1920_870b3359-ae26-4e64-9097-f065ea130d52.jpg?v=1769068928"},{"product_id":"22rv1-cell-bhc11101181","title":"22RV1 cell","description":"The 22Rv1 cell line is a human prostate carcinoma cell line that was established from a xenograft initiated by the inoculation of a hormone-refractory prostate cancer cell line, CWR22, into athymic nude mice. The CWR22 xenograft was derived from a primary prostate carcinoma. Upon regression after castration and subsequent relapse, the 22Rv1 cell line was established from the relapsed tumor, which exhibited androgen-independent growth.\n22Rv1 cells express the androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), essential markers in prostate cancer research and therapeutic targeting. Notably, this cell line contains a variant form of the AR known as AR-V7. This splice variant lacks the ligand-binding domain, enabling it to remain constitutively active and contribute to the androgen-independent proliferation of 22Rv1 cells, a critical aspect of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).\nThe 22Rv1 cell line is extensively used to investigate the mechanisms underlying the transition from androgen-dependent to androgen-independent prostate cancer growth, a key challenge in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. 22Rv1 cells have facilitated significant advancements in understanding the molecular biology of CRPC, including the role of AR variants in resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at overcoming this resistance.\nIn summary, the 22Rv1 cell line, serves as a critical model for studying CRPC. Exhibiting androgen-independent growth, these cells express key prostate cancer markers such as AR and PSA, and notably contain the AR-V7 variant, which is constitutively active due to the absence of the ligand-binding domain. The 22Rv1 cell line's unique properties make it invaluable for exploring the transition from androgen-dependent to independent growth in prostate cancer, and thereby aid in the development of new therapeutic approaches to tackle advanced stages of the disease.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101181\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950195175789,"sku":"305037","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/22Rv1_20305037_20P0_2020x1_2024112022_1920x1920_e8ccf06f-f9e1-4fab-982d-e4a7224fc4be.jpg?v=1769068930"},{"product_id":"2v6-11-cell-bhc11101246","title":"2V6.11 cell","description":"2v6.11 cells were derived from the human embryonic kidney line HEK-293 in 2001. The 2V6.11 cell line is a valuable resource for studying the adenoviral E4 oncoprotein, particularly the E4 34K protein known to be involved in cellular genome maintenance and repair. 2V6.11 cells, obtained through transfection with the plasmid pVgRxR followed by pEKORF6, result in the inducible expression of the E4 34K protein, which is linked to the inhibition of cellular mechanisms that repair double strand-breaks in DNA. The 2V6.11 cell line demonstrated that the adenoviral proteins E4 34k and E1b 55k inhibit chromosomal DNA repair by disrupting non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and destabilizing DNA repair proteins, extending their effect from extrachromosomal to cellular genomic DNA.\nThe 2V6.11 inducible cell line, with their adherent epithelial morphology, are ideal for investigating the behavior and characteristics of kidney-derived epithelial cells, including their response to infections by human adenovirus 40. This versatile cell line, which can be detected by western blot, enables researchers to delve into the molecular mechanisms by which the adenovirus E4 oncoprotein inhibits repair processes, thus contributing to our understanding of adenovirus pathology and the potential for developing new therapeutic strategies.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101246\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950195241325,"sku":"305147","price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/2V6.11_20P2_20305147-M_2010x01_2010032023_1920x1920_1f1a89c7-bf1c-486e-b823-14f243e5cf86.jpg?v=1769068931"},{"product_id":"3t3-l1-cell-bhc11100010","title":"3T3-L1 cell","description":"3T3-L1 cells are a clonal line of preadipocytes derived from mouse embryonic fibroblasts. These cells have become a widely used in vitro model for studying the process of adipogenesis, including adipogenesis and lipogenesis, which is the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes (fat cells). The name \"3T3\" refers to the transfer (T) protocol that involved transferring the cells every 3 days, and \"L1\" signifies the particular clone that was isolated.\nInitially, 3T3-L1 cells exhibit a fibroblast-like morphology, but upon induction of 3T3-L1 cell differentiation, 3T3-L1 cells change from a preadipocyte to a mature adipocyte state and accumulate lipid droplets, a hallmark of obesity and metabolic syndrome. The differentiation process from 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to 3T3-L1 adipocytes is triggered by a specific cocktail of inducers, typically including dexamethasone, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), and insulin.\nAs 3T3-L1 adipocytes adopt the characteristics of mature adipocytes, they begin to express genes that are crucial for adipocyte function, such as those coding for enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism and hormones like leptin and adiponectin, which play vital roles in regulating appetite, energy balance, and insulin sensitivity. Studying 3T3-L1 cell transformations enhances our understanding of  adipogenesis and obesity and fat-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, by revealing how lipid accumulation in adipocytes leads to cellular dysfunction and broader metabolic issues.\nMoreover, the 3T3-L1 cell line is instrumental in investigating the impact of various substances on adipocyte behavior, such as the effect of pharmacological agents on lipolysis or the anti-inflammatory properties of certain diets that may prevent insulin resistance.\n3T3-L1 cells have been extensively used to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying adipocyte differentiation, insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, and the effects of various nutritional and pharmacological agents on these processes. Given their ability to differentiate into adipocytes and their ease of culture in vitro, 3T3-L1 cells provide a valuable model system for obesity and diabetes research, as well as for the discovery of new therapeutic targets related to metabolic dise\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100010\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950195306861,"sku":"400107","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/3T3-L1_20P1_2020x01_20260423_1920x1920_57ac0083-e5d5-4b53-8774-31208dbb140d.jpg?v=1769068931"},{"product_id":"3t6-swiss-albino-cell-bhc11100114","title":"3T6-Swiss albino cell","description":"The 3T6-Swiss albino cell line originates from the tissue of Swiss albino mice, specifically developed for a broad range of virological and oncological research purposes. This fibroblast cell line is known for its susceptibility to various viruses, including murine sarcoma viruses, making it an invaluable tool in the study of viral oncogenesis and the transformational properties of oncogenes in a controlled environment. The robustness of 3T6-Swiss albino cells in culture allows for detailed genetic manipulation and analysis, facilitating advanced genetic studies that seek to understand the intricacies of cancer progression and viral infection mechanisms.\n\nIn addition to its applications in virology, the 3T6-Swiss albino cell line is frequently used in pharmacological research. Its responsiveness to pharmaceutical agents makes it a suitable model for drug screening and toxicity testing. Researchers utilize these cells to examine the cellular responses to new compounds, evaluating their efficacy and safety before proceeding to more complex in vivo studies. The genetic stability of the 3T6-Swiss albino cell line over multiple passages supports consistent experimental results, which is crucial for the development of reliable therapeutic strategies.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100114\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950195339629,"sku":"400104","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/3t6-swiss-albino-_281_29_1920x1920_2bec40a6-1bcf-4e29-9b46-27dd6cea1c86.jpg?v=1769068932"},{"product_id":"4t1-cell-bhc11101141","title":"4T1 cell","description":"The 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma cell line is a widely used model in cancer research due to its high similarity to human breast cancer. Derived from a BALB\/c mouse, the tumor growth and metastatic spread of the 4T1 cell line closely mimic the behavior of late stage breast cancer in humans. The 4T1 cell line serves as an invaluable tool for studying the progression and metastasis of mammary cancer, including bone metastases and breast cancer metastasis. When injected into BALB\/c mice, 4T1 cells spontaneously produce highly metastatic tumors that can spread to various organs such as the lung, liver, lymph nodes, and bone, while the primary tumor continues to grow in situ. This 4T1 syngeneic model is particularly useful for studies of bone metastases and the metastatic phenotype.\nThe 4T1 cell's utility extends to techniques like bioluminescence imaging, histological analyses, and the use of molecular markers to track the spread and impact of metastatic disease. This approach allows for the examination of spontaneous metastasis from primary tumors to distant organs, aided by techniques like flow cytometry to analyze tumor cells and their receptor expressions. The imagable 4T1 model has enabled biophotonic imaging to track tumor growth and metastasis in vivo in animal models, facilitating studies on metastatic cells in target organs and tumor foci. \nThe immunocompetent nature of the mouse 4T1 breast tumor cell line allows for investigations into the role of the immune system and immunity in metastasis, as well as immunotherapy of cancer. Moreover, the 4T1 syngeneic tumor model has been instrumental in omics characterization and fusion gene detection.\nOverall, the 4T1 mammary carcinoma cell line serves as a versatile tool for studying mammary tumor biology, tumor metastasis, and the development of new treatments in both murine and human contexts.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101141\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950195569005,"sku":"300300","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/4T1_20P1_20300300-100223_2010x01_2016022023_1920x1920_e2dd5de1-7a2d-49d3-b8f4-49c56e980c3f.jpg?v=1769068932"},{"product_id":"5637-cell-bhc11100109","title":"5637 cell","description":"5637 is a bladder carcinoma cell line isolated from the urinary bladder of a 68-year-old man with grade II carcinoma. 5637 cells produce and secrete several growth factors, such as SCF, IL-1, IL-6, G-CSF, and GM-CSF. These cytokines are functionally active and can be a valuable source for the culture of growth factor-responsive or dependent hematopoietic primary cells and cell lines.\nThe karyotype modal chromosome number of 5637 cells is 67, ranging from 59 to 71. The stemline modal chromosome number is 67 at 36% and polyploidy at 0.6%. Fourteen marker chromosomes are common to these cells, including 3q+, 11q+, i(13q), t(9q21q), i(17q), i(21q). Additional markers, like der(5)t(5;7)(q31;p11) and 1p, were only found specific to a minor subpopulation, as well as microchromosomes and double minutes (DM). Some cells include one or occasionally two Y chromosomes.\n5637 cells are tumorigenic and have been shown to induce tumours in nude mice inoculated subcutaneously. The doubling time of 5637 cells is approximately 24 hours. The isoenzyme profile of 5637 cells consists of isoform 1 of AK-1, ES-D, Me-2 and PGM1, isoform 1 and 2 of GLO-I, isoform B of G6PD, as well as isoform 2 of PGM3.\nIn terms of oncogenes, 5637 cells are positive for FGFR3, PIK3CA, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS, TERT, and CDKN2A but negative for TP53 and belong to the molecular bladder cancer subtype l5637 is a bladder carcinoma cell line isolated from the urinary bladder of a 68-year-old man with grade II carcinoma. 5637 cells produce and secrete several growth factors, such as SCF, IL-1, IL-6, G-CSF, and GM-CSF. These cytokines are functionally active and can be a valuable source for the culture of growth factor-responsive or dependent hematopoietic primary cells and cell lines.\nThe karyotype modal chromosome number of 5637 cells is 67, ranging from 59 to 71. The stemline modal chromosome number is 67 at 36% and polyploidy at 0.6%. Fourteen marker chromosomes are common to these cells, including 3q+, 11q+, i(13q), t(9q21q), i(17q), i(21q). Additional markers, like der(5)t(5;7)(q31;p11) and 1p, were only found specific to a minor subpopulation, as well as microchromosomes and double minutes (DM). Some cells include one or occasionally two Y chromosomes.\n5637 cells are tumorigenic and have been shown to induce tumours in nude mice inoculated subcutaneously. The doubling time of 5637 cells is approximately 24 hours. The isoenzyme profile of 5637 cells consists of isoform 1 of AK-1, ES-D, Me-2 and PGM1, isoform 1 and 2 of GLO-I, isoform B of G6PD, as well as isoform 2 of PGM3.\nIn terms of oncogenes, 5637 cells are positive for FGFR3, PIK3CA, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS, TERT, and CDKN2A but negative for TP53 and belong to the molecular bladder cancer subtype luminal. \nIn conclusion, 5637 cells are a valuable tool for cancer research, especially with respect to the study of growth factors, cell division, oncogenes, and bladder cancer.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100109\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950195601773,"sku":"300105","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/5637_20WaKo_20P1_2020x01_20240425_ch00_1920x1920_bc2e0f0a-8cf1-410e-87a1-2abef404941f.jpg?v=1769068933"},{"product_id":"769-p-cell-bhc11100034","title":"769-P cell","description":"The 769-P cell line is a human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell line that was derived from a nephrectomy specimen of a 63-year-old female patient with renal cell adenocarcinoma in 1975. It is widely used in renal cell cancer research, particularly clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), which is the most common and lethal form of kidney cancer in adults.\nThe 769-P cell line retains many characteristics of primary RCC and harbors several mutations that are relevant to renal cell carcinoma. They exhibit a loss of function in the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene, which is an important kidney cancer gene in ccRCC that can activate various oncogenic pathways including angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and metabolic reprogramming.\nThe 769-P cell line is used to understand the molecular mechanisms of kidney cancer pathogenesis, explore the efficacy of anticancer drugs, and investigate the mechanisms of drug resistance. These cells are particularly useful for studying the response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which are a class of targeted therapies used in the treatment of RCC and RCC subtypes.\nThe 769-P renal cancer cell line is further used to investigate the role of the tumor microenvironment in kidney cancer and to study cellular processes like apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and metastatic potential. Their responsiveness to hypoxic conditions makes them suitable for research into how ccRCC adapts to and thrives in low-oxygen environments found within solid tumors.\nIn summary, the 769-P cell line and other RCC cell lines are indispensable tools in renal carcinoma research, providing insights into the pathogenesis of ccRCC, drug efficacy, and resistance mechanisms.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100034\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950195700077,"sku":"300106","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/769-p-_283_29_1920x1920_ad31ada8-5955-4b2f-9a80-0a4b704c6273.jpg?v=1769068933"},{"product_id":"786-o-cell-bhc11100042","title":"786-O cell","description":"786-O cells are a human renal cell carcinoma cell line derived from a primary clear cell adenocarcinoma of the kidney. This cell line is frequently used in the study of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), providing valuable insights into the biological characteristics and treatment responses of this cancer type.\nThe 786-O cell line exhibits a clear cell morphology, typical of the most common form of kidney cancer, and is characterized by specific genetic alterations, including the loss of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene. This genetic feature is significant as it plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many clear cell renal carcinomas by influencing hypoxia-inducible pathways, which are central to cellular responses to low oxygen conditions.\nThese cells are particularly useful for studying the molecular mechanisms involved in tumor growth and survival, including pathways related to angiogenesis, metabolism, and cell cycle regulation. Due to their VHL deficiency, 786-O cells are an excellent model for researching the effects of hypoxia and for testing drugs that target hypoxia-related pathways.\nIn addition to their application in basic cancer research, 786-O cells are also used in preclinical studies to evaluate the efficacy of new therapeutic agents, especially those targeting the angiogenic processes driven by the overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). This includes therapies that inhibit the HIF pathway, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors.\nOverall, 786-O cells provide a robust model for advancing our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of renal cell carcinoma and for developing targeted therapies that could improve treatment outcomes for patients with this challenging disease.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100042\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950195732845,"sku":"300107","price":450.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/786-o-_284_29_1920x1920_8b5c0c2b-e7a3-436c-bea9-3c28f34d0987.jpg?v=1769068934"},{"product_id":"a204-cell-bhc11100101","title":"A204 cell","description":"A204 cells are human epithelial cells derived from the muscles of a 1-year-old female patient with rhabdomyosarcoma. With applications in 3D cell culture and tumorigenic properties, A-204 cells provide an opportunity for studying tumour biology and potential therapeutic interventions. Derived from muscle tissue, A-204 cells closely resemble the outer layer of cells found in organs and tissues. \nThe A204 cell line is characterized by its aggressive undifferentiated phenotype, making it a valuable model for investigating the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis and metastasis in soft tissue sarcomas.\nThe presence of specific isoenzymes, including AK-1, ES-D, G6PD, GLO-I, Me-2, PGM1, and PGM3, in A-204 cells provides insight into their metabolic characteristics. These isoenzymes may play a role in understanding cellular processes involved in cancer progression and treatment response. \nThese cells exhibit robust growth in vitro and have been used to study cell proliferation, apoptosis, and drug resistance mechanisms. The A204 cell line is also instrumental in the evaluation of new chemotherapeutic agents and in understanding the interaction between rhabdomyosarcoma cells and therapeutic compounds. \nThis cell line serves as an essential tool for cancer researchers aiming to develop more effective treatments for sarcomas and other related malignancies.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100101\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950196027757,"sku":"300109","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/a-204-_281_29_1920x1920_b168676e-cdb4-40bf-bd14-2a09d20bbfbc.jpg?v=1769068936"},{"product_id":"a498-cell-bhc11100167","title":"A498 cell","description":"A498 cells are a human renal cell carcinoma cell line derived from the kidney tissue of a 58-year-old Caucasian male. These cells are extensively used in research related to kidney cancer, particularly for studying clear cell renal cell carcinoma, which is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults.\nThe A498 cell line is characterized by its epithelial-like morphology and has been a valuable model for investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms of renal carcinogenesis. These cells exhibit several features typical of kidney cancer, including alterations in the expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis.\nA498 cells are particularly useful for examining the metabolic pathways altered in kidney cancer, as they display a distinct metabolic profile that includes changes in lipid and glucose metabolism. This aspect makes them suitable for metabolic targeting studies, which explore how altering metabolic pathways can inhibit tumor growth.\nFurthermore, A498 cells are employed in drug discovery and toxicology studies to test the efficacy of new chemotherapeutic agents and targeted therapies. They are also used to study the response of renal cancer cells to hypoxic conditions-a common feature of solid tumors that significantly influences tumor behavior and treatment response.\nOverall, the A498 cell line serves as an essential tool in renal cancer research, facilitating the development of more effective therapeutic strategies and enhancing our understanding of kidney cancer biology.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100167\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950196322669,"sku":"300113","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/a498-_284_29_1920x1920_78b6fd4e-2086-4b1d-b130-7cc99475e25c.jpg?v=1769068939"},{"product_id":"a673-cell-bhc11100016","title":"A673 cell","description":"The A673 cell line is a valuable resource in biological science. Derived from the muscle tissue of a 15-year-old female patient diagnosed with Ewings Sarcoma, this cell line exhibits a distinct polygonal morphology.\nOriginally the cell line was thought to be derived from a rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). \nOne of the remarkable characteristics of A673 cells is their ability to produce several growth factors that possess oncogenic potential. These cells also secrete growth-inhibitory factors, providing a balanced environment for cellular growth regulation. Such properties make A673 cells an excellent model for investigating the interplay between tumour-promoting and tumour-suppressing factors. A673 cells have demonstrated tumorigenic potential, as they can induce tumour formation in immunosuppressed mice. \nMoreover, studies have identified hypermethylated promoters in cancer-related genes within the A673 cell line. These genetic alterations further contribute to its relevance in cancer research, offering a platform to explore epigenetic modifications and their impact on tumour development and progression.\nWhile A673 cells are often referred to as Ewing tumour (ET) or sarcoma (ES), they are also associated with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Notably, the A673 cell line harbours a complex karyotype with a specific translocation involving chromosomes 11 and 22. This translocation leads to the fusion of the EWS and FLI1 genes, which is a characteristic genetic event in Ewing Tumor.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100016\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950196584813,"sku":"300454","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/a-673-_284_29_1920x1920_a914e1de-a2f1-4191-8b4d-6d77f68b6f2d.jpg?v=1769068940"},{"product_id":"a704-cell-bhc11100081","title":"A704 cell","description":"A-704 is a human epithelial cell line derived from kidney tissue of a 78-year-old male patient with adenocarcinoma. This cell line exhibits an epithelial morphology. It is a valuable resource in cancer research, particularly for studying adenocarcinoma. A-704 is a versatile cell line with applications in 3D cell culture and as a transfection host.\nDerived by D.J. Giard, A-704 maintains consistency and reliability in experimental settings. Karyotype analysis reveals that A-704 cells exhibit abnormalities such as breaks, dicentrics, and endoreduplication, ranging from diploid to hyperdiploid, hypertriploid to hypertetraploid.\nWhile not tumorigenic in immunosuppressed mice, A-704 cells can form colonies in a semisolid medium. A-704 cells exhibit specific isoenzyme profiles, including AK-1, ES-D, G6PD, GLO-I, Me-2, PGM1, and PGM3.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100081\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950196617581,"sku":"300217","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/A704_20P1_2010x01_20130125_ch00_1920x1920_cf6b4506-5522-4a2f-93ec-49a2b62b8935.jpg?v=1769068940"},{"product_id":"a72-cell-bhc11100178","title":"A72 cell","description":"A72 cells are a canine fibrosarcoma cell line derived from a spontaneously occurring tumor in a dog. These cells are used primarily in veterinary oncology research to study the biology, behavior, and treatment responses of canine fibrosarcomas. Their relevance extends to comparative oncology studies, where insights gained from canine cancers can be applied to human cancer research due to the biological similarities between certain canine and human tumors.\nThe A72 cell line exhibits an adherent, fibroblast-like morphology and is known for its aggressive growth in vitro. It has been utilized to investigate various aspects of cancer cell biology, including proliferation, metastasis, and tumor cell interactions with the extracellular matrix. These cells are particularly valuable for assessing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents and exploring new therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapy and targeted therapies.\nA72 cells also provide a useful model for studying the molecular pathways involved in tumor growth and progression, such as signaling through the PI3K\/Akt, MAPK, and other related pathways. They are instrumental in understanding the genetic and molecular underpinnings of fibrosarcoma, which can help identify potential biomarkers for diagnosis and targets for treatment in both veterinary and human oncology.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100178\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950196650349,"sku":"602398","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/A72_20WaKo_20P1_2020x01_20040925_ch00_1920x1920_9bc6eacb-273d-49ec-8b20-b33487f3dd94.jpg?v=1769068941"},{"product_id":"a9-cell-bhc11101296","title":"A9 cell","description":"A9 cells are a fibroblast-like cell line derived from mouse adipose tissue. They were established as a subclone of the L929 parent strain by W. R. Earle in 1940. The parent strain was obtained from normal subcutaneous areolar and adipose tissue of a male C3H\/An mouse. \nA notable feature of these cells is that they express adenosine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT), denoted as APRT+ and HPRT+. These cells have been valuable in virus studies, particularly involving pseudorabies virus (PRV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) of the Indiana strain, and herpes simplex virus (HSV). \nA9 cells' sensitivity and response to these viruses have made them useful for studying viral replication, pathogenesis, and potential antiviral treatments. In immunology, A9 cells are used in various research areas. They are a valuable model for studying immune responses, antibody production, monoclonal antibody generation, and hybridoma technology.\nDue to their rapid proliferation (doubling time of approximately 24 hours), A9 cells provide a sufficient cell supply for experiments and downstream applications. A9 cells have a fibroblast-like morphology and adhere to the culture substrate. Categorized as animal cells and belonging to the hybridoma cell type, A9 cells were formed by fusing B lymphocytes from Mus musculus (mouse) with myeloma cells from the same species. \nThis unique combination allows A9 cells to exhibit properties of both B lymphocytes and myeloma cells. Overall, A9 cells are a well-established fibroblast-like cell line utilized for studying viral infections, especially PRV, VSV, and HSV, and in immunology.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101296\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950196748653,"sku":"305166","price":550.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/A9_20P1_2020x01_20100523_1920x1920_8ca3b801-5cb2-4d16-9b9e-7d0d4113dbdb.jpg?v=1769068942"},{"product_id":"aav-293-cell-bhc11101241","title":"AAV-293 cell","description":"The AAV-293 cell line is a permanent line established from primary embryonic human kidney transformed with human adenovirus type 5 DNA. The genes encoded by the E1 region of adenovirus (E1a and E1b) are expressed in these cells and participate in transactivation of viral promoters, allowing these cells to produce high levels of protein. \nAAV-293 is derived from the parental 293 cell line, through cloning and multiple rounds of testing, AAV-293 is specifically selected for a high level of AAV production in a helper-free system. It offers several advantages over the regular 293 cells: Larger cell surface area resulting higher transfection and better yield of AAV. \nThe advantages are a flattened morphology, firm attachment to culture plate, and the cells are ideal for large-scale culture and AAV production. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) belongs to the family of Parvoviridae, a group of viruses among the smallest of single-stranded and non-enveloped DNA viruses. \nThere are nine different AAV serotypes reported to date. AAV can infect both dividing and non-dividing cells and can be maintained in the human host cell, creating the potential for long-term gene transfer. Recombinant AAV-2 is the most common serotype used in gene delivery, and can be produced at high titers with a helper virus or AAV-293 cells.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101241\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950196781421,"sku":"305127","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/AAV-293_20305127_20_2010x1_2018112022_1920x1920_32886b8b-0cee-46c5-9f4c-f25197f55067.jpg?v=1769068943"},{"product_id":"ab2-2-cell-bhc11101692","title":"AB2.2 cell","description":"The AB2.2 cell line is a widely utilized murine embryonic stem (ES) cell line derived from the 129S7 (also known as 129P2\/OlaHsd) mouse strain. It has played a prominent role in gene targeting and transgenic mouse generation due to its robust capacity for in vitro expansion and genetic manipulation. AB2.2 cells are pluripotent, capable of contributing to all germ layers, and have been instrumental in producing germline-competent chimeras. However, like many ES cell lines maintained over extended culture periods, AB2.2 is prone to chromosomal instability, especially aneuploidy involving chromosome 8.\n\nCytogenetic analysis of AB2.2 and its sub-lines has revealed a high frequency of chromosomal abnormalities, with mosaic and pure trisomy 8 being particularly common. In one study, AB2.2 displayed a mosaic karyotype involving gains of chromosomes 8 and Y, including configurations such as 42,XY,+Y,+8 \/ 41,XY,+Y \/ 40,XY. Among its sub-lines, additional karyotypic anomalies were identified, such as double trisomies involving chromosomes 8 and 11, and complex derivative chromosomes arising from unbalanced translocations involving chromosome 8. These structural and numerical aberrations are associated with decreased germline transmission efficiency, and their presence complicates interpretation of genotype-phenotype relationships in chimeric animals.\n\nGiven its genetic background and susceptibility to chromosomal instability, AB2.2 remains a powerful tool in mouse genetics, but it requires careful quality control. Routine karyotype screening-including both G-banding and FISH-is recommended before proceeding with blastocyst injection to ensure the chromosomal integrity necessary for reliable germline transmission and accurate phenotypic analyses.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101692\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950196814189,"sku":"305738","price":650.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"achn-cell-bhc11100157","title":"ACHN cell","description":"The ACHN cell line is derived from the malignant pleural effusion of a 22-year-old Caucasian male with widely metastatic renal adenocarcinoma. The cell line was established in November 1979, following direct seeding of the cancer cells into culture flasks containing Eagle's MEM with 10% FBS. Over a period of 150 days, the cells were maintained and passaged in vitro. Subsequently, the cells were inoculated subcutaneously into nude mice, where they formed palpable, locally invasive tumors within four weeks. This cell line is tumorigenic, as evidenced by its ability to induce tumors in 100% of nude mice (5\/5) inoculated with 107 cells, with tumors developing within 21 days.\n\nACHN cells are characterized by an adherent growth pattern and express specific isoenzymes, including G6PD (type B). This cell line is also noted for its response to human interferons and interferon inducers, making it particularly useful for antiproliferative studies. Both the original ACHN cells and those recovered from tumors in nude mice demonstrate growth inhibition in the presence of human interferons, highlighting their potential application in studies exploring the efficacy of interferon-based therapies for renal cancer.\n\nThe ACHN cell line is a valuable tool for cancer research, especially in the context of renal adenocarcinoma. It serves as an important model for studying tumorigenicity, metastatic behavior, and the effects of interferons on cancer cell proliferation. Its ability to form tumors in vivo and respond to interferon treatment provides a robust platform for developing and testing new therapeutic approaches targeting renal cell carcinoma.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100157\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950196879725,"sku":"300117","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/achn-_281_29_1920x1920_443a7cc9-1a10-40a8-93a8-9554f4b28188.jpg?v=1769068944"},{"product_id":"at-1-cell-bhc11100258","title":"AT-1 cell","description":"The AT-1 cell line is a subclone of the parental R3327 rat prostate adenocarcinoma cell line. This particular cell line was derived from the Dunning model, which is a well-established model used to study prostate cancer. The AT-1 subclone is characterized by its relatively slow growth rate and low metastatic potential compared to other subclones derived from the same tumor, such as the MatLyLu (high metastatic potential) and AT-2 (moderate metastatic potential) cell lines. This makes the AT-1 cell line particularly useful for studies focused on the biology of non-metastatic or minimally invasive tumors.\n\nIn research settings, the AT-1 cell line has been utilized extensively to investigate the mechanisms of prostate cancer progression and to assess the efficacy of therapeutic agents. The cells generally exhibit a cuboidal morphology and are adherent. They have been shown to respond to hormonal manipulations, which mimics the hormonal responses seen in clinical prostate cancer. Studies using the AT-1 cell line have contributed to a better understanding of the interactions between tumor cells and the microenvironment, angiogenesis, and the molecular pathways involved in cancer progression. Importantly, the AT-1 cell line has been a valuable tool in the development of therapeutic strategies that are less focused on metastasis and more on primary tumor growth and local invasion.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100258\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950197633389,"sku":"500121","price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/at-1-_283_29_1920x1920_db5f8987-d43c-41c6-862f-d9bb6d96c3b6.jpg?v=1769068949"},{"product_id":"atdc5-cell-bhc11101509","title":"ATDC5 cell","description":"ATDC5 is a murine chondrogenic cell line derived from mouse teratocarcinoma cells and is widely used as an in vitro model for studying chondrogenesis and cartilage development. This cell line undergoes sequential chondrogenic differentiation, mimicking in vivo processes such as cellular condensation, the expression of early chondrocytic markers like type II collagen and aggrecan, and the transition to hypertrophic chondrocytes, marked by type X collagen expression and matrix mineralization. Due to its ability to proliferate and differentiate efficiently, ATDC5 serves as a valuable model for exploring molecular mechanisms related to skeletal development, especially endochondral ossification.\nATDC5 cells have been extensively used to study the influence of various growth factors, hormones, and transcription factors on chondrogenesis. For instance, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) has been shown to promote early chondrogenic differentiation by modulating the expression of extracellular matrix components like fibronectin. Similarly, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), particularly BMP-2, -4, and -7, play a critical role in promoting different stages of chondrocyte differentiation in ATDC5. Moreover, the activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels in these cells, combined with hyaluronan, has been demonstrated to enhance the expression of key chondrogenic markers such as SOX9 and Aggrecan, further supporting their utility in cartilage tissue engineering studies.\nThis cell line has been instrumental in proteomics research as well, showing that ATDC5 cells can synthesize major cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) components like aggrecan and type II collagen, along with the proper post-translational modifications required for cartilage function. Its capacity to recapitulate crucial ECM biosynthesis events makes ATDC5 an indispensable model for studying cartilage formation and related pathologies.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101509\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950197666157,"sku":"305427","price":450.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ATDC5_20WaKo_20P1_2020x01_20270924_ch00_1920x1920_fde645dd-b1f0-414b-a3d3-879f03dd80af.jpg?v=1769068950"},{"product_id":"b82-cell-bhc11101292","title":"B82 cell","description":"B82 cells were derived from mouse fatty tissue, growh adherently and show a fibroblast morphology, providing researchers with a versatile model to explore a wide range of scientific questions.\nB82 cells originate from NCTC clone 929, a cell line that underwent progressive selection in BUdR (bromodeoxyuridine). As a result, B82 cells demonstrate a high cloning efficiency of 70-80%, enabling researchers to generate a substantial number of genetically identical cells for their experiments. The karyotype of B82 cells is 2n = 51. \nB82 cells are a suitable experimental model for studying cellular behaviour, signalling pathways, and tissue engineering applications. With their high cloning efficiency, researchers can confidently explore a myriad of scientific questions.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101292\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950197862765,"sku":"305173","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/b82_20_281_29_1920x1920_a33d0bff-062a-4112-989f-7a4f4179b9b4.jpg?v=1769068952"},{"product_id":"ba-f3-cell-bhc11101407","title":"Ba\/F3 cell","description":"The BA\/F3 cell line, originating from murine pro-B cells of the BALB\/c mouse strain, is a cornerstone in drug discovery and development, where BaF3 cells are commonly used to test the efficacy of small molecule inhibitors targeting oncogenic kinases.\nBaf3 is an IL-3 dependent cell line with a single, round cell morphology and instances of polymorphism. Ba\/F3 cells are used for F3 transformation assays and Ba\/F3 proliferation assays. The F3 transformation assays allow for the exploration of how specific genetic alterations can confer IL-3 independent growth, indicating oncogenic potential. These cells rely on cytokine signaling through cytokine receptors for IL-3 to sustain their proliferation, making the baf3 proliferation assay an excellent tool for studying the effects of cytokine deprivation and the role of cytokine signaling in cell survival and growth.\nBA\/F3 cells have proven invaluable in the context of kinase oncogene evaluation and the testing of small-molecule kinase inhibitors. For instance, Ba\/F3 cells transformed to express the BCR-ABL oncogene, which is characteristic of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), have been used to test the effectiveness of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib. Ba\/F3 cells are further suitable for high-throughput screening and the exploration of drug resistance mechanisms, which are crucial in understanding the dynamics of cancer-associated kinome mutations and developing strategies to overcome resistance in targeted therapies.\nOverall, the BA\/F3 cell line, with its distinct features and biological functions, serves as a critical resource in kinase drug discovery.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101407\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950197928301,"sku":"305224","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/BA-F3_20P1_2020x01_20220124_ch00_1920x1920_2bcc28b3-88f9-4dfb-82c5-06b1121fad32.jpg?v=1769068953"},{"product_id":"balb-3t3-clone-a31-cell-bhc11101237","title":"BALB\/3T3 clone A31 cell","description":"BALB\/3T3 clone A31, a fibroblast cell line developed by S.A. Aaronson and G.T. Todaro in 1968, originates from disaggregated 14- to 17-day-old BALB\/c mouse embryos. This cell line is a fundamental tool in the study of cellular biology, particularly noted for its capacity to support virus growth and susceptibility to oncogenic transformations. Characteristically, these cells are spindle-shaped fibroblasts that can act as multipotential mesenchymal cells. They demonstrate the potential to differentiate into various tissues depending on microenvironmental influences or culture conditions, underlining their versatility in experimental models.\n\nThe cell culture practices for BALB\/3T3 clone A31 involve repeated transfers before reaching confluence to minimize cell-cell contact, promoting characteristics such as contact inhibition of cell division, growth at high dilution, and low saturation density. These cells exhibit a karyotype variability with a modal number of 78 chromosomes, ranging from 62 to 109, predominantly featuring telocentric or acrocentric chromosomes. Despite occasional reports of cytogenetic instability, BALB\/3T3 A31 cells maintain a non-tumorigenic status, though they show tumorigenic properties when cultured in semisolid mediums. Notably, they are highly susceptible to transformation by oncogenic DNA viruses like SV40 and murine sarcoma virus, and have tested negative for the ectromelia virus (mousepox), adding another layer of value for virological and oncological research.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101237\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950197961069,"sku":"305155","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/Balb-3T3_20clone_20A31_20P5_2020x01_20080822_1920x1920_ea709bd6-0d01-40e2-aa1c-1031072b360b.jpg?v=1769068953"},{"product_id":"bgm-cell-bhc11101393","title":"BGM cell","description":"BGM (Buffalo Green Monkey) cells are a kidney epithelial cell line derived from the African green monkey, Cercopithecus aethiops. These cells are typically used in virological studies because of their susceptibility to various enteroviruses and other viral pathogens, making them a valuable tool in the study of viral infections and viral-host interactions. Their high permissiveness for viral replication is particularly useful for isolating and propagating enteroviruses, rotaviruses, and adenoviruses, among others.\n\nIn addition to their use in virology, BGM cells are employed in cytotoxicity testing and vaccine production. They provide a consistent and controlled environment for testing the effects of new drugs and potential vaccines on cellular health and viability. BGM cells are also utilized in genetic studies, particularly in understanding gene expression and signaling pathways involved in viral infection and host response mechanisms. Their robust growth and ease of handling in laboratory settings further contribute to their widespread use in biological research.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101393\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950198190445,"sku":"302158","price":550.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/BGM_20_284_29_1920x1920_335d3fe0-f597-4036-a294-512d6977d270.jpg?v=1769068956"},{"product_id":"bhk-21-clone-13-cell-bhc11100253","title":"BHK-21 clone 13 cell","description":"BHK-21 clone 13 cells, a subline of the baby hamster kidney (BHK) cell line, have become a pivotal model in virology and molecular biology research due to their robustness, ease of culture, and high transfection efficiency. The cells are used in the study of virus infection, antigen production, and recombinant protein synthesis.\nBHK-21 cells are susceptible to a broad range of viruses, including alphaviruses, flaviviruses, and rhabdoviruses, which has made them an invaluable tool in the study of viral replication, pathogenesis, and the development of viral vectors for gene therapy and vaccines. Their utility in viral research is further enhanced by their ability to support high-titer virus production, facilitating the study of virus-host interactions and the screening of antiviral compounds.\nBHK-21 cells are further used in recombinant protein production because of their high transfection efficiency. This feature enables their utility for the production of therapeutic proteins, antibodies, and for the development of novel biotechnological products.\nBHK-21 cells also serve as a model for studying cellular processes such as cell adhesion, signal transduction, and apoptosis. This has implications for understanding disease mechanisms and testing the cellular response to various stimuli, including drugs and environmental factors.\nIn summary, BHK-21 clone 13 cells serve as a critical tool in the fields of virology, molecular biology, and biotechnology.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100253\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950198223213,"sku":"603126","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/BHK-21_20clone_2013_20_281_29_1920x1920_d13af74d-a313-40d2-b2bc-685e8a172a09.jpg?v=1769068956"},{"product_id":"bj-fibroblast-cell-bhc11101406","title":"BJ Fibroblast cell","description":"BJ cells, derived from neonatal male foreskin, are human fibroblasts, which are a type of cell found in connective tissue. They are often used in biological and medical research due to their ability to proliferate and their human origin, making them relevant for studying human biology and disease.\nBJ cells, derived from human skin fibroblasts, are primarily used in studies related to cellular responses to oxidative stress, contributing to our understanding of aging, disease mechanisms, and cellular defense against oxidative damage. The cells further present a viable alternative to mouse BALB\/c 3T3 cells for in vitro toxicological evaluations, particularly in the Neutral Red Uptake (NRU) assay. This assay is widely used to assess cytotoxic effects by measuring cell viability through the uptake of neutral red dye.\nThe absence of strong telomerase activity in the BJ human foreskin fibroblasts, independent of hTERT, highlights their role in studying premature senescence, elongation of telomeres, and the effects of hyperoxia on telomere length. The human cell lines BJ and HaCaT are often used together in dermatological research due to their complementary nature in representing key aspects of skin physiology. HaCaT cells, being human keratinocytes, serve as a model for the epidermal layer of the skin, while BJ cells, derived from human fibroblasts, represent the dermal layer. This combination allows for a comprehensive study of skin responses at both the epidermal and dermal levels, making them invaluable for investigating skin aging, wound healing, and the effects of various treatments on skin health.\nIn summary, BJ cells, also known as human BJ fibroblasts, serve as a versatile model in biological research, offering insights into the impact of environmental exposures, cellular senescence, and radical biology.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101406\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950198288749,"sku":"305222","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/BJ_20P1_2020x01_20220124_ch00_1920x1920_d50c8446-fe8a-46eb-a95f-ed2b65fa23c5.jpg?v=1769068957"},{"product_id":"bs-c-1-cell-bhc11101254","title":"BS-C-1 cell","description":"The BS-C-1 cell line, also known as Cercopithecus aethiops kidney cells, originates from the kidney of the African green monkey. This cell line, established in the 1960s, is used extensively in virology research due to its susceptibility to adenoviruses, simian viruses, and other pathogenic agents. BS-C-1 cells exhibit epithelial morphology and are adherent in culture, making them suitable for a variety of experimental setups, including virus-host interaction studies and cytotoxicity assays.\n\nOne of the distinguishing features of BS-C-1 cells is their utility in the propagation and maintenance of polioviruses, which facilitates vaccine development and virus lifecycle studies. The cells are also known for their role in the discovery and study of adenoviruses, contributing significantly to our understanding of viral genetics and replication processes. Despite their origins and primary uses, BS-C-1 cells have also been employed in pharmacological research and toxicology, testing the effects of various substances on cellular processes and viability.\n\nDue to their robust growth characteristics and ability to be transfected relatively easily, BS-C-1 cells are valuable in molecular biology for gene expression studies. Their compatibility with a wide range of DNA transfection methods supports their use in gene therapy research and recombinant protein production. Overall, BS-C-1 cells continue to be a critical resource in biomedical research, providing insights into cellular behavior and the molecular basis of disease.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101254\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950199632237,"sku":"305009","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/BS-C-1_20P1_2020x01_20120525_ch00_1920x1920_ea8c8c2a-306f-4fea-86b8-c2601c7f4e6a.jpg?v=1769068968"},{"product_id":"c127-cell-bhc11101143","title":"C127 cell","description":"C127 cells, originating from murine mammary epithelial tissues, are an indispensable mammalian cell line that lays a solid groundwork for a multitude of biological studies. These cells have undergone a rigorous engineering process, involving infection with specifically designed viruses that integrate T7 RNA polymerase driven by a viral promoter into their genome. The flexibility of C127 cells is further enhanced by the introduction of an additional recombinant virus that carries cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cDNA under the control of a T7 promoter, or alternatively, a transfected plasmid bearing the same promoter. This genetic setup enables precise control over protein expression, tailored to produce specific proteins, thereby making C127 cells an exceptional tool for protein expression studies.\n\nThe epithelial nature of C127 cells, reflective of their derivation from mammary gland tissues, supports their growth in an adherent manner. They exhibit rapid proliferation and can be employed to scrutinize cellular processes, growth, and differentiation across diverse experimental conditions. The unique genetic modifications present in these cells make them an ideal model for stable cell transfection experiments, allowing researchers to insert foreign genetic material and explore gene functions, protein interactions, and the consequences of genetic modifications. Additionally, their use in 3D cell culture has been increasingly recognized, providing insights into cell-cell interactions, tissue morphogenesis, and disease modeling with greater physiological relevance, thereby extending their utility beyond traditional 2D cultures.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101143\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950199861613,"sku":"305169","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/c127-_282_29_1920x1920_1b1d84d0-bb56-4d1d-9693-90c1db420353.jpg?v=1769068971"},{"product_id":"c2c12-cell-bhc11100098","title":"C2C12 cell","description":"The C2C12 cell line, an immortalized mouse myoblast cell line derived from the thigh muscle of a 2-month-old mouse of the C3H mouse strain, is extensively utilized in biomedical research for its unique cell differentiation properties. C2C12 myoblast cells proliferate rapidly and exhibit typical myoblast characteristics under high serum conditions. Upon shifting to low serum conditions or starvation, C2C12 cells initiate myogenic differentiation, transitioning into myotubes, which are precursors to contractile skeletal muscle cells.\nC2C12 cells incorporate exogenous cDNA and nucleic acids through transfection easily, making them a good choice for gene expression studies and investigations into myoblasts and myotubes differentiation. The differentiation process is marked by the expression of myogenic markers such as Myf5, MyoD, Myogenin, and Mrf4, alongside muscle-specific markers like Csrp3 and Mef2a, which are essential in studying different muscle phenotypes and skeletal muscle regeneration.\nThe unique shape of C2C12 myoblasts and their transformation into myoblast cell rings and subsequently into mature myotubes in serum-supplemented media underscore the dynamic nature of these cells and their potential in skeletal muscle research.\nResearchers use substrates like gelatin hydrogels for C2C12 cell cultures to simulate in vivo muscle conditions, enabling detailed studies of muscle cell development and extracellular matrix effects. Metabolic profiling reveals key insights into the pathways involved in muscle formation and recovery, focusing on essential proteins and calcium's role in contraction. Gene silencing techniques further illuminate the differentiation process, highlighting the significance of SMAD1 phosphorylation in muscle regeneration, crucial for understanding recovery in muscle wasting and injury.\nIn summary, the C2C12 cell line serves as a critical tool in the realm of biomedical research, offering a versatile platform for exploring the intricacies of muscle formation, differentiation, gene expression, and the profound impact of various factors on the skeletal muscle cell lineage, including the pivotal role of myofilaments, intermediate filament proteins, and the overall organismal context in which these cellular processes unfold.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100098\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950199959917,"sku":"400476","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/c2c12-_283_29_1920x1920_1c1d61d5-954d-47d6-915d-82d0f36e29ca.jpg?v=1769068973"},{"product_id":"c3h-10t1-2-cell-bhc11101238","title":"C3H\/10T1\/2 cell","description":"The C3H\/10T1\/2, Clone 8 cell line is a murine fibroblast cell line derived from C3H mouse embryo tissues. This cell line is widely utilized in biological research due to its capacity to differentiate into a variety of cell types when treated with appropriate agents. The C3H\/10T1\/2 cells exhibit characteristics typical of fibroblasts but have the remarkable ability to undergo transformation into adipocytes, chondrocytes, or osteoblasts under specific experimental conditions. This makes them an invaluable model for studying mesenchymal differentiation, tissue engineering, and carcinogenesis.\n\nThese cells are particularly noted for their use in research involving the mechanisms of action of carcinogens and the genetic regulation of cellular transformation. C3H\/10T1\/2, Clone 8 cells are sensitive to contact inhibition and maintain a stable phenotype under standard culture conditions, which is critical for reproducible results in experiments. Furthermore, their responsiveness to a variety of chemical and environmental stimuli makes them an excellent model for toxicology studies, examining the effects of various substances on cellular behavior and differentiation pathways.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101238\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950200025453,"sku":"305164","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/C3H-10T1-2_2C_20Clone_208_20_284_29_1920x1920_a1e4332a-85a0-4751-8864-b18e9da94b43.jpg?v=1769068974"},{"product_id":"cado-es1-cell-bhc11100238","title":"CADO-ES1 cell","description":"The CADO-ES1 cell line was established from a malignant pleural effusion taken from a 19-year-old female patient diagnosed with Ewing's sarcoma, primarily located in the right buttock with multiple lung metastases. This cell line provides a valuable tool for research in sarcoma biology, particularly in studying the metastatic processes associated with Ewing's sarcoma. As a disease primarily affecting children and young adults, Ewing's sarcoma is characterized by small round cells that are highly malignant, often exhibiting aggressive behavior and poor prognosis, particularly when metastatic.\n\nUniquely, CADO-ES1 cells exhibit several critical features valuable for in-depth cancer research. They are heterotransplantable, meaning they can be transplanted into a different species (e.g., mice), which is vital for in vivo studies. This capacity makes them a robust model for studying tumor growth and metastasis in a controlled, yet biologically relevant system. Additionally, these cells have shown the ability to grow independently of anchorage, a characteristic typical of many cancerous cells which allows them to thrive without adhering to the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, CADO-ES1 cells can differentiate neurally in response to cyclic AMP (cAMP), providing a unique perspective into the cellular behaviors influenced by signaling pathways in cancer progression and differentiation.\n\nThis combination of features makes CADO-ES1 a significant model for not only understanding the pathology of Ewing's sarcoma but also for the development and testing of targeted therapies that might inhibit the growth and spread of similar cancers. Research utilizing this cell line can contribute to a deeper understanding of cancer cell behavior, metastatic mechanisms, and potential therapeutic targets in sarcomas.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100238\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950200287597,"sku":"300127","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CADO-ES1_20WaKo_20DAY6_20P1_2010X01_20131025_Overlay_1920x1920_41da9f1a-3063-4af9-8f0d-61e234ffd381.png?v=1769068981"},{"product_id":"caki-1-cell-bhc11100058","title":"Caki-1 cell","description":"The Caki-1 cell line is derived from a metastatic site of a human renal clear cell carcinoma. Established from a tumor located in the wall of the renal vein of a male patient, Caki-1 cells are commonly used in the study of renal cancer biology, especially in understanding the mechanisms underlying clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). This cell line is epithelial-like in morphology and exhibits robust in vitro growth characteristics, making it suitable for a variety of experimental techniques, including drug screening and molecular biology studies.\nCaki-1 is particularly notable for its complex karyotype, characterized by a modal chromosome number of 68, with variations ranging from 63 to 71. This aneuploid chromosome configuration highlights a triploid range with certain abnormalities; notably, the Y chromosome is absent, which is not unusual in male-derived tumor cell lines. The cell line demonstrates several chromosomal aberrations, including multiple marker chromosomes and alterations in chromosomes N5, N9, N10, N16, and N19, contributing to its utility in cancer research.\nIn terms of tumorigenicity, Caki-1 is capable of forming tumors in nude mice and has been reported to consistently produce clear cell carcinoma, mirroring the pathology of the renal primary tumor. This characteristic makes it an invaluable model for in vivo studies of renal cancer metastasis and tumor biology. The cell line has also been observed to metastasize to the skin in experimental settings. From a biochemical perspective, Caki-1 expresses a variety of isoenzymes and antigens, including blood type O, Rh-, and HLA types A9, B12, Bw35. Isoenzyme profiling includes AK-1, ES-D, G6PD B, GLO-I, Me-2, PGM1, and PGM3, which may be relevant in studies of cellular metabolism and genetic expression related to cancer progression and response to treatments.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100058\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950200320365,"sku":"300149","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CaKi-1_20P1_20WaKo_2020x01_20240625_ch00_1920x1920_203d55b1-fc7a-400b-853f-bb974947c641.jpg?v=1769068980"},{"product_id":"caki-2-cell-bhc11100772","title":"Caki-2 cell","description":"Caki-2 is a human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cell line that exhibits epithelial morphology and adheres during in vitro culture conditions. It serves as an essential preclinical model for the investigation of renal cancer mechanisms and therapeutic responses. The Caki-2 line is particularly notable for its resistance to certain chemotherapeutic agents; it displays decreased sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil and the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib, which targets VEGFRs 1-3, PDGFR-b, and Raf-1, in comparison to the Caki-1 cell line. This differential sensitivity is significant for studying drug resistance mechanisms and evaluating new therapeutic strategies in renal cell carcinoma.\n\nThe genetic background of Caki-2 cells includes a loss-of-function mutation in the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor protein, a hallmark of many ccRCCs that leads to the deregulation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and contributes to tumorigenesis. The ability of Caki-2 cells to form tumors in immunocompromised mice makes them a valuable tool for in vivo studies of cancer growth and metastasis, providing insights into the tumor environment and potential therapeutic interventions. Their use extends to exploring the role of VHL in cancer progression and testing the efficacy of drugs targeting the HIF pathway and other associated signaling cascades in a controlled experimental setup.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100772\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950200353133,"sku":"300140","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/caki-2-_281_29_1920x1920_5fff2b2d-2ea0-4175-874e-4697d4324782.jpg?v=1769068981"},{"product_id":"cls-439-cell-bhc11100227","title":"CLS-439 cell","description":"Established from the primary bladder carcinoma of a 61-year-old male in 1998 by CLS.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100227\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950201827693,"sku":"300150","price":650.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CLS-439_20_20P1_20WaKo_2020x01_20240625_ch00_1920x1920_830219b7-34fc-439e-a7e9-6ff96a37309e.jpg?v=1769068997"},{"product_id":"cls-cd-3575-cell-bhc11100953","title":"CLS-CD-3575 cell","description":"\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100953\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950201925997,"sku":"400146","price":650.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CLS-CD-3575_20P1_2010X01_20120925_Overlay_1920x1920_37b50c49-e8cb-4b53-bf40-9cc418180457.png?v=1769068998"},{"product_id":"cos-1-cell-bhc11101252","title":"COS-1 cell","description":"COS-1 cells, a fibroblast-like cell line derived from African green monkey kidney tissue, have revolutionized the field of biological science since their development in 1981 by J.W.F. Cowell and colleagues. These cells offer an excellent platform for studying various aspects of cellular biology, including protein expression and protein-protein interactions.\nOne of the critical advantages of COS-1 cells is their remarkable ability to express exogenous proteins, making them an invaluable tool for producing recombinant proteins and investigating protein-related phenomena. The constitutively active c-src gene and the presence of SV40's large T-antigen enhance translation efficiency, resulting in elevated levels of protein expression within these cells.\nResearchers have extensively utilized COS-1 cells to study the cytopathic effects of viruses and host cell responses to viral infections. COS-1 cells are susceptible to various viruses, including herpes simplex, vesicular stomatitis, and influenza A. This characteristic makes COS-1 cells an excellent model system for exploring viral pathogenesis, host cell responses, and the development of antiviral drugs.\nFurthermore, the COS-1 cell line has significantly contributed to our understanding of various biological mechanisms. Its popularity in molecular and cell biology research arises from its proficiency in expressing exogenous proteins and its permissiveness to different viral strains. These attributes allow scientists to delve into the intricate workings of cellular processes with precision and reliability.\nThe COS cell lines are derived from the CV-1 cells, which originated from the kidney of the African green monkey. Through immortalization with a modified SV40 virus capable of producing large T antigen, the COS cells maintain their fibroblast-like morphology and inherit the beneficial properties of the SV40 genetic material.\nCOS-1 and COS-7 are the most commonly used variants among the COS cell lines. Researchers frequently employ these cell lines when investigating the monkey virus SV40 and conducting molecular biology, biochemistry, and cell biology experiments. \nThe COS-1 cells, in particular, exhibit remarkable potential for protein expression through transfection with an SV40 origin of replication. The large T antigen these genetically modified COS-1 cells produce allows for substantial images of introduced vectors, facilitating efficient recombinant protein production.\nCOS-1 cells are pivotal in advancing our understanding of complex biological processes. With their origin in African green monkey kidney tissue and their fibroblast morphology, these cells provide a reliable and versatile platform for many scientific applications. \nTheir extensive usage, as evidenced by over 1,400 product citations, underscores their significance in various research areas.\nAs for practical considerations, COS-1 cells have a doubling time of approximately 48 hours, enabling efficient cell culture and experimental procedures. Additionally, these cells are categorized as animal cells and belong to the Cercopithecus aethiops organism, with the kidney as the origin tissue.\nCOS-1 cells stand at the forefront of cutting-edge biological research, facilitating breakthroughs in our understanding of molecular and cellular processes. With their exceptional capacity for protein expression, susceptibility to viral infections, and significance in diverse fields of study, COS-1 cells remain a cornerstone of scientific inquiry. \nResearchers continue to leverage the remarkable properties of COS-1 cells to unravel the intricacies of biological mechanisms and pave the way for new advancements in physical science.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101252\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950202220909,"sku":"305005","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/COS-1_20P2_2020x01_2006072022_1920x1920_fc0095c3-a9c3-4cd0-b1c1-e40d150f49e5.jpg?v=1769069001"},{"product_id":"cos-7-cell-bhc11100012","title":"COS-7 cell","description":"COS-7 cells are a fibroblast-like cell line derived from African green monkey kidney tissue and are a vital resource in research, particularly for their high transfection efficiency, making them a popular choice for the expression of recombinant proteins. COS-7 cells are derived from the CV-1 cell line and transformed with a mutant form of the simian virus 40 (SV40), which includes a replication origin that allows for episomal replication of transfected plasmids containing the SV40 origin of replication.\nTransfection of COS-7 cells is facilitated by transfection reagents such as Lipofectamine, with an efficiency that mirrors those observed in HeLa cells. Conventional methods can achieve up to 80% transfection efficiency in COS-7 cells, showcasing their ease of genetic manipulation. The ability of COS-7 cells to accommodate large plasmids and replicate them, leading to high yields of the desired recombinant proteins, make them an invaluable resource for various applications, including gene expression studies, signal transduction pathway investigations, and the production of proteins for biochemical analyses.\nCOS-7 cells exhibit a strong susceptibility to various viruses, making them an excellent model for virology studies, including virus-host interaction investigations, viral life cycle elucidation, and antiviral drug testing. Their permissiveness to viral entry and replication is leveraged to study the mechanisms of viral infection, pathogenesis, and the cellular responses elicited by viral invaders. Consequently, COS-7 cells serve as a valuable tool in the development of viral vectors for gene therapy and vaccine research.\nCOS-7 cells are a cornerstone in research due to their high transfection efficiency and utility in recombinant protein expression. Their ease of genetic manipulation, combined with susceptibility to viruses, makes them indispensable for studies in gene expression, signal transduction, virology, and the development of viral vectors, solidifying their role as a versatile tool in both basic and applied biological sciences.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100012\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950202253677,"sku":"605470","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/cos-7-_283_29_1920x1920_2f150c6b-b9c1-4d10-b07f-d07b6f2114cd.jpg?v=1769069002"},{"product_id":"cv-1-cell-bhc11101346","title":"CV-1 cell","description":"CV-1 is a African green monkey cell line derived from the kidney in 1964. Initially used in research that focused on the transformation of the cancerogenic Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), this fibroblast-like cell line is widely used in biological research for virus production, transfection, and gene silencing. \nThese cells are negative for reverse transcriptase and being susceptible to several viruses, including poliovirus 1, herpes simplex, simian virus 40 (SV40), California encephalitis, and both Eastern and Western equine encephalitis.\nThe CV-1 cell line exhibits rapid growth, grows adherent on plastic and glass surfaces and shows chromosome number shifts at high passage levels. It has been observed that CV-1 cells exhibit increased tumorigenicity in Wistar rats treated with ATG as well as increased cell colony formation in soft agar.\nMoreover, CV-1 cells support the replication of SV40 virus and exhibit rapid thymidine kinase (TK) activity following induction of simian, adeno, and papovavirus infections. The karyotype of CV-1 cells is 2n = 60, pseudodiploid.\nCV-1 cells have been used in a variety of specific applications in biological research, including efficacy testing, transfection host, and viruscide testing. They are also known to be a suitable host for transfection, especially by SV40 vectors.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101346\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950202515821,"sku":"601470","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/cv-1-_282_29_1920x1920_b6d3b022-522e-4289-b579-81e7bd399a16.jpg?v=1769069004"},{"product_id":"dc2-4-cell-bhc11101538","title":"DC2.4 cell","description":"The DC2.4 cell line is an immortalized mouse dendritic cell line that originates from bone marrow. It is commonly used to study dendritic cell (DC) biology, immune responses, and the development of immunotherapies. DC2.4 cells are characterized by their role as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and are known to express typical surface markers of dendritic cells, such as CD11c and MHC class I molecules. However, they exhibit an immature phenotype under standard culture conditions, with low expression of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules like CD40 and CD80. This makes them useful for investigating the mechanisms and stimuli required for DC maturation and their subsequent immune functions.\n\nStudies have shown that specific stimuli can induce maturation of DC2.4 cells. Notably, exposure to interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) leads to significant upregulation of MHC class II, CD40, CD80, and CCR7, as well as increased cytokine secretion, including IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α. IFN-γ-matured DC2.4 cells have been demonstrated to effectively activate CD8+ cytotoxic T cells both in vitro and in vivo, enhancing antitumor immunity. For instance, IFN-γ-treated, antigen-pulsed DC2.4 cells have been shown to induce robust CD8+ T cell responses and provide protective antitumor effects in mouse models. This highlights the cell line's utility in cancer immunotherapy research and vaccine development.\n\nAdditionally, DC2.4 cells have been employed to study host-pathogen interactions, as their response to various immune challenges can mimic aspects of the innate immune system's activation. The analysis of exosomal miRNA profiles from DC2.4 cells, especially when infected with pathogens like Toxoplasma gondii, has provided insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying dendritic cell signaling and immune communication. The differential expression of exosomal miRNAs in response to infection suggests potential roles in modulating host immunity and highlights the utility of DC2.4 in exosome and RNA-based immune research.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101538\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950202810733,"sku":"305515","price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/DC2.4_20P1_2010x01_20061124_ch00_1920x1920_ebd469cd-b6ce-4149-935f-76459ba25baf.jpg?v=1769069008"},{"product_id":"df-1-cell-bhc11101236","title":"DF-1 cell","description":"DF-1 cells are a continuous cell line derived from chicken embryonic fibroblasts, specifically from East Lansing Line (ELL-0) chickens. The cell line is noted for its lack of endogenous avian leukosis virus, which is a common contaminant in many other chicken cell lines. This characteristic makes DF-1 cells particularly valuable for virology research, especially in studies involving the propagation and genetic manipulation of viruses that infect birds, such as avian influenza and Marek's disease virus.\n\nIn addition to their use in virology, DF-1 cells are utilized in various areas of cellular and molecular biology research. They have a robust growth rate and a fibroblast-like morphology, making them suitable for in vitro experiments that require a stable avian cell environment. These cells have been instrumental in gene expression studies, especially concerning the effects of viral and other genetic elements in avian species. The genetic stability and susceptibility to transfection also make DF-1 an excellent model for studying gene function and regulation in a controlled environment.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101236\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950202876269,"sku":"305016","price":650.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/UMNSAH-DF-1_20P1_20305016-M_2010x01_20291122_1920x1920_9818dd5b-b9af-42f1-97c0-b650cd837f72.jpg?v=1769069008"},{"product_id":"dh82-cell-bhc11101045","title":"DH82 cell","description":"DH-82 cells, derived from the malignant histiocytosis of a ten-year-old male Golden Retriever, are a cornerstone in the study of canine immunology and related diseases. \nThese cells exhibit a macrophage-like morphology, mirroring the key functions of human macrophages, thereby providing a relevant model for investigating various aspects of canine health, particularly immune system-related conditions. \nA defining characteristic of DH-82 cells is their capability to phagocytize latex particles, an essential function of macrophages responsible for the elimination of foreign substances in the body. This property positions DH-82 cells as a robust tool for delving into the immune responses of dogs, especially in the face of infections and inflammatory diseases. The expression of Fc gamma receptors in DH-82 cells is a notable trait.\nThese receptors are integral to immune responses, as they bind to antibodies and facilitate the phagocytosis of antibody-coated pathogens or particles. This makes DH-82 cells particularly valuable in studies focusing on immune responses and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In contrast, DH-82 cells do not express Fc mu and C3b receptors. \nThe absence of Fc mu receptors, typically found on B cells and involved in antigen presentation, and C3b receptors, which bind to complement proteins in immune responses, provides a controlled setting for examining specific immune mechanisms that might be influenced by these receptors. \nAdditionally, DH-82 cells are non-producers of IL-1, a pivotal cytokine in inflammatory responses. This feature offers a unique perspective for investigating the role of IL-1 in various biological processes and understanding IL-1-mediated diseases. \nIn the realm of infectious diseases, DH-82 cells have proven particularly useful in studying canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME), a tick-borne illness caused by Ehrlichia canis. \nThe cells provide a conducive environment for the bacterium's growth, aiding in the exploration of the disease's development and potential treatments. The doubling time of DH-82 cells, approximately 26 hours, is also a critical aspect in their use, influencing experimental design and the interpretation of results.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101045\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950202909037,"sku":"305003","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/DH82_20P3_2020x01_20250823_ch00_1920x1920_dc59de85-260e-4d69-953c-3454843bac43.jpg?v=1769069008"},{"product_id":"du-145-cell-bhc11100328","title":"DU-145 cell","description":"DU145 is a human prostate cancer cell with an epithelial morphology commonly used in prostate cancer research. The cell line was established from the brain of a 69-year-old male with prostate cancer. They express androgen receptors and are considered tumorigenic with moderate metastatic potential, forming adenocarcinoma (grade II) consistent with prostatic primary when injected into nude mice.\nIn terms of karyotype, DU145 cells are hypotriploid and have several marker chromosomes, including t(11q12q), del(11)(q23), 16q+, del(9)(p11), del(1)(p32), among others. They express several isoenzymes, including AK-1, ES-D, G6PD, GLO-I, Me-2, PGM1, and PGM3. However, the cells do not express the prostate antigen.\nDU145 cells are weakly positive for acid phosphatase and capable of forming colonies in soft agar. The presence of microvilli, tonofilaments, desmosomes, any mitochondria, well-developed Golgi, and heterogenous lysosomes was reported by ultrastructural analyses. DU145 cells have a doubling time of approximately 30-40 hours and are suitable transfection hosts.\nDU145 cells are a valuable tool in the therapeutic research of prostate cancer. Along with PC3 and LNCaP cell lines, DU145 is a standard prostate cancer cell line used in medicinal research. Along with PC-3 cells, DU-145 cells express androgen receptor proteins. However, when treated with an androgen ligand, the cells did not show stimulation of the activity of an AR-responsive reporter gene. Therefore, these cells are considered to be androgen non-responsive.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100328\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950203203949,"sku":"300168","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/du-145-_284_29_1920x1920_b1f0ec25-4c51-4179-9228-3840f90bbc65.jpg?v=1769069011"},{"product_id":"e11-cell-bhc11100384","title":"E11 cell","description":"The E11 cell line is a highly specialized murine cell line developed for advanced studies in podocyte function and kidney disease mechanisms. Derived from the glomeruli of transgenic mice engineered to express a temperature-sensitive variant of the SV40 large T antigen, the E11 cells operate under the regulation of the IFN-g-inducible H-2kb promoter. This unique genetic framework facilitates the conditional proliferation of the cells, dependent on the environmental temperature, which aligns with the controlled expression of the T antigen.\n\nOne of the distinguishing features of the E11 cell line is its phenotypic stability across extensive passaging. Maintaining consistent expression and cellular characteristics through more than 40 passages, E11 cells have proven invaluable for long-term studies without the common issue of phenotypic drift seen in many cultured cell lines. This stability enhances their use in repetitive and extended biological experiments requiring consistent cell behavior.\n\nIn terms of protein expression, the E11 cell line exhibits a robust profile that is quintessential for podocyte-specific studies. The cells consistently express nephrin, an essential component of the slit diaphragm structure in podocytes, alongside a variety of other podocyte-specific proteins such as podocin, CD2AP, and synaptopodin. This comprehensive protein expression facilitates the study of podocyte biology in a controlled in vitro environment, closely simulating in vivo conditions. The ability of E11 cells to form extensive cell-cell contacts further underscores their suitability for modeling kidney filtration barrier functionalities.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100384\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950203269485,"sku":"400494","price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/e11-_281_29_1920x1920_76a23951-c622-4ccb-83d6-a3e7af180002.jpg?v=1769069012"},{"product_id":"eb3-cell-bhc11101044","title":"EB3 cell","description":"The EB3 cell line is a human Burkitt lymphoma model that was originally derived from a young child with a maxillary tumor in Uganda. It is one of several established Burkitt lymphoma cell lines created during early investigations into the immunological and biological characteristics of this malignancy. Notably, EB3 cells express strong membrane immunofluorescence reactivity when probed with serum from Burkitt lymphoma patients in remission following chemotherapy, suggesting the presence of tumor-associated antigens on their surface. This reactivity is likely mediated by IgG-class antibodies, as shown using fluorescein-conjugated anti-IgG reagents. EB3 was found to react strongly alongside other Burkitt-derived lines such as Jijoye, B35M, and SL1, whereas certain other Burkitt lines, like Raji, did not show similar reactivity under the same conditions.\n\nEB3 cells were among those used in early comparative studies to distinguish between tumor-specific and isoantigenic responses in Burkitt lymphoma. These investigations demonstrated that sera from some patients—particularly those in complete remission—could selectively recognize Burkitt lymphoma cells over normal bone marrow or lymphocytes from the same donor, indicating tumor-specific immunogenic markers. Additionally, EB3 cells displayed morphological and immunophenotypic features consistent with large lymphoblast-like Burkitt lymphoma cells, which tend to exhibit bright granular membrane staining when exposed to reactive serum. This historic immunological profiling of EB3 helped to establish the groundwork for later studies exploring tumor-specific antigens in lymphoid malignancies.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101044\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950203400557,"sku":"300373","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/EB3_20WaKo_20P1_2020x01_20090425_ch00_1920x1920_801d1d0d-5c67-42d9-8650-31ded1de20ca.jpg?v=1769069014"},{"product_id":"ecv-304-cell-bhc11100201","title":"ECV-304 cell","description":"The ECV-304 cell line is a spontaneously transformed cell line derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Originally characterized and utilized as a model of endothelial cell biology, further genomic analysis revealed that ECV-304 cells were contaminated and are genetically identical to the T24 bladder carcinoma cell line. This revelation has significant implications for the interpretation of research data, particularly studies conducted under the assumption that ECV-304 was a true endothelial cell model.\n\nDespite its endothelial mischaracterization, ECV-304 has been widely used in studies related to tumorigenesis, cytotoxicity, and drug screening, primarily due to its robust growth characteristics and the ease with which it can be cultured. The cells exhibit epithelial morphology and possess the ability to grow in a monolayer, making them a suitable in vitro model for studying various aspects of cancer biology, including cell proliferation, migration, and the cellular response to therapeutic agents. However, caution must be exercised in the interpretation of past studies where ECV-304 was used as a model of endothelial cells.\n\nGiven the genetic identification with the T24 cell line, researchers should consider ECV-304 as a bladder carcinoma model rather than an endothelial cell line. This understanding is crucial for the design and interpretation of experiments aimed at investigating cellular behaviors that are relevant to cancer research rather than endothelial cell function.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100201\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950203498861,"sku":"300452","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"emt6-cell-bhc11101142","title":"EMT6 cell","description":"The EMT6 cell line is a murine mammary adenocarcinoma line that is extensively used in cancer research, particularly in studies related to breast cancer. Originating from a spontaneous tumor in a BALB\/c mouse, EMT6 cells are employed both in vitro and in vivo to analyze tumorigenesis, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance. The cells are characterized by their ability to form tumors rapidly when transplanted into immunocompetent mice, making them an ideal model for studying tumor immunity and the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies.\n\nEMT6 cells are highly adaptable to various growth conditions and have a relatively high mitotic index, which facilitates easy cultivation and experimental manipulation in laboratory settings. They are also used in radiobiology studies due to their pronounced sensitivity to radiation, providing insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying radiation therapy for cancer. The cell line has been instrumental in the development of protocols for hypoxic cell sensitizers and has been used to test the efficacy of photodynamic therapy agents.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101142\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950203597165,"sku":"305159","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/EMT6_20WaKo_20P1_2020x01_20220525_ch00_1920x1920_52aec384-3414-4352-b00b-fd15766e1cb6.jpg?v=1769069016"},{"product_id":"eo771-cell-bhc11101546","title":"EO771 cell","description":"EO771 is a murine mammary cancer cell line derived from spontaneous tumors in C57BL\/6 mice. This line serves as an important preclinical model for studying breast cancer in an immunocompetent setting, due to its compatibility with syngeneic C57BL\/6 mouse models. These models facilitate the exploration of interactions between tumor cells and the immune system, providing insights into tumor growth and metastasis.\n\nEO771 cells are classified as luminal B subtype, characterized by being estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) negative, estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) positive, progesterone receptor positive, and ErbB2 (HER2) positive. This classification aligns with luminal B tumors found in humans, which often have poorer prognoses compared to luminal A types. EO771's luminal B status makes it relevant for investigating hormonal therapy responses; studies have shown the cell line's sensitivity to anti-estrogen treatments such as tamoxifen and other selective estrogen receptor modulators.\n\nIn addition to its phenotypic traits, EO771 has proven useful for studies on tumor metastasis and immune response modulation. Its metastatic behavior mirrors that of human breast cancer, with frequent dissemination to the lungs and other sites, such as the peritoneum and brain. These attributes make EO771 a valuable model for evaluating the efficacy of novel anticancer treatments and understanding tumor-immune system dynamics.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101546\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950203629933,"sku":"305352","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/EO771_20P1_2010x01_20250325_ch00_1920x1920_9d3c0f0c-941f-460d-9b31-b532ef21b2bf.jpg?v=1769069016"},{"product_id":"f81-cell-bhc11101251","title":"F81 cell","description":"F81 cells are a feline cell line, specifically derived from feline kidney tissue. These cells are primarily used in research related to the study of feline viruses, including the feline calicivirus (FCV), which is a significant pathogen affecting cats globally. The F81 cell line is noted for its susceptibility to various strains of FCV, making it an indispensable tool in virology research for the development of vaccines and therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling viral infections in felines.\n\nIn addition to their use in studying FCV, F81 cells are also utilized in research into other viral pathogens affecting cats, such as feline herpesvirus and feline immunodeficiency virus. Their robustness and ease of culture make F81 cells a valuable model for cellular and molecular biology studies, facilitating advancements in understanding the cellular mechanisms of viral replication and host-pathogen interactions. These cells contribute significantly to translational research, potentially leading to improved diagnostic methods and treatments for feline diseases.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101251\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950203728237,"sku":"305015","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/F81_20P1_2010x01_20270423_1920x1920_f0f6590d-9128-4a4d-8684-f0efcd6fe24a.jpg?v=1769069017"},{"product_id":"frhk-4-cell-bhc11101243","title":"FRhK-4 cell","description":"The FRhK-4 cell line consists of fibroblast-like cells derived from the kidney of a fetal rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). This cell line is widely used in biomedical research due to its relevance to primate biology and its utility in studying viral infections, nephrotoxicity, and renal physiology. The cells exhibit typical fibroblast morphology, characterized by an elongated shape and a branching architecture, which facilitates numerous types of cell and molecular biology experiments.\n\nFRhK-4 cells are particularly noted for their susceptibility to various viruses, including simian virus 40 (SV40) and polyomavirus. This makes them an excellent model for studying viral mechanisms of infection, replication, and oncogenesis in a primate system. Additionally, their origin from kidney tissue allows researchers to explore cellular responses to renal toxins and drugs, making them a valuable tool for pharmacological studies and toxicity assessments.\n\nMoreover, the genetic and physiological similarities of the FRhK-4 cells to human cells support their use in translational research, where findings may have direct implications for understanding human kidney diseases and developing therapeutic strategies. The use of this cell line in diverse research settings underscores its versatility and importance in scientific studies that require a non-human primate model.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101243\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950203957613,"sku":"305151","price":550.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/FRhK-4_20P1_20305151_2020x1_2010022023_1920x1920_f3106fdd-3c53-4b6a-bfb5-017bb1e1d17d.jpg?v=1769069023"},{"product_id":"ges-1-cell-bhc11101510","title":"GES-1 cell","description":"GES-1 is a human gastric epithelial cell line commonly used in research focused on the gastric mucosa, particularly in studies exploring gastric diseases, inflammation, and cytotoxic responses. These cells are derived from normal gastric tissue and provide an in vitro model for investigating the effects of environmental toxins, drugs, and pathogens on gastric epithelial cells.\nOne significant area of research utilizing GES-1 involves studying the cytotoxic effects of environmental pollutants, such as nanoplastics, on human gastric cells. For example, polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) have been shown to enter GES-1 cells via endocytosis, inducing cellular stress responses such as autophagy, apoptosis, and decreased cell proliferation. These particles were found to accumulate in vesicles, autophagosomes, and lysosomes, indicating their internalization and cytotoxic potential within gastric epithelial cells. Additionally, studies have shown that inhibiting pathways like the RhoA\/F-actin signaling pathway reduces the internalization of these nanoplastics, which helps in understanding the molecular mechanisms governing cellular uptake and response to foreign particles.\nGES-1 cells are also used to investigate the protective effects of various compounds against gastric injuries. For instance, the traditional medicinal plant Fallopia denticuta has demonstrated protective effects on GES-1 cells against ethanol-induced damage. The study showed that extracts of this plant enhanced the proliferation of GES-1 cells and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, which are key contributors to gastric ulcer development. This makes GES-1 an important tool for exploring both cytotoxic mechanisms and potential protective treatments in gastric health research.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101510\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950204285293,"sku":"305428","price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/GES-1_20P1_2010x01_20050924_ch00_1920x1920_b2a5da0b-8e3c-4c3d-811b-468fc457fb86.jpg?v=1769069027"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/collections\/rt-cell-biology-cells.oembed?page=169","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}