{"title":"Cell Signaling Pathways — Cells","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"3t3-l1-cell-bhc11100010","title":"3T3-L1 cell","description":"3T3-L1 cells are a clonal line of preadipocytes derived from mouse embryonic fibroblasts. These cells have become a widely used in vitro model for studying the process of adipogenesis, including adipogenesis and lipogenesis, which is the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes (fat cells). The name \"3T3\" refers to the transfer (T) protocol that involved transferring the cells every 3 days, and \"L1\" signifies the particular clone that was isolated.\nInitially, 3T3-L1 cells exhibit a fibroblast-like morphology, but upon induction of 3T3-L1 cell differentiation, 3T3-L1 cells change from a preadipocyte to a mature adipocyte state and accumulate lipid droplets, a hallmark of obesity and metabolic syndrome. The differentiation process from 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to 3T3-L1 adipocytes is triggered by a specific cocktail of inducers, typically including dexamethasone, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), and insulin.\nAs 3T3-L1 adipocytes adopt the characteristics of mature adipocytes, they begin to express genes that are crucial for adipocyte function, such as those coding for enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism and hormones like leptin and adiponectin, which play vital roles in regulating appetite, energy balance, and insulin sensitivity. Studying 3T3-L1 cell transformations enhances our understanding of  adipogenesis and obesity and fat-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, by revealing how lipid accumulation in adipocytes leads to cellular dysfunction and broader metabolic issues.\nMoreover, the 3T3-L1 cell line is instrumental in investigating the impact of various substances on adipocyte behavior, such as the effect of pharmacological agents on lipolysis or the anti-inflammatory properties of certain diets that may prevent insulin resistance.\n3T3-L1 cells have been extensively used to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying adipocyte differentiation, insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, and the effects of various nutritional and pharmacological agents on these processes. Given their ability to differentiate into adipocytes and their ease of culture in vitro, 3T3-L1 cells provide a valuable model system for obesity and diabetes research, as well as for the discovery of new therapeutic targets related to metabolic dise\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100010\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950195306861,"sku":"400107","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/3T3-L1_20P1_2020x01_20260423_1920x1920_57ac0083-e5d5-4b53-8774-31208dbb140d.jpg?v=1769068931"},{"product_id":"3t6-swiss-albino-cell-bhc11100114","title":"3T6-Swiss albino cell","description":"The 3T6-Swiss albino cell line originates from the tissue of Swiss albino mice, specifically developed for a broad range of virological and oncological research purposes. This fibroblast cell line is known for its susceptibility to various viruses, including murine sarcoma viruses, making it an invaluable tool in the study of viral oncogenesis and the transformational properties of oncogenes in a controlled environment. The robustness of 3T6-Swiss albino cells in culture allows for detailed genetic manipulation and analysis, facilitating advanced genetic studies that seek to understand the intricacies of cancer progression and viral infection mechanisms.\n\nIn addition to its applications in virology, the 3T6-Swiss albino cell line is frequently used in pharmacological research. Its responsiveness to pharmaceutical agents makes it a suitable model for drug screening and toxicity testing. Researchers utilize these cells to examine the cellular responses to new compounds, evaluating their efficacy and safety before proceeding to more complex in vivo studies. The genetic stability of the 3T6-Swiss albino cell line over multiple passages supports consistent experimental results, which is crucial for the development of reliable therapeutic strategies.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100114\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950195339629,"sku":"400104","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/3t6-swiss-albino-_281_29_1920x1920_2bec40a6-1bcf-4e29-9b46-27dd6cea1c86.jpg?v=1769068932"},{"product_id":"4t1-cell-bhc11101141","title":"4T1 cell","description":"The 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma cell line is a widely used model in cancer research due to its high similarity to human breast cancer. Derived from a BALB\/c mouse, the tumor growth and metastatic spread of the 4T1 cell line closely mimic the behavior of late stage breast cancer in humans. The 4T1 cell line serves as an invaluable tool for studying the progression and metastasis of mammary cancer, including bone metastases and breast cancer metastasis. When injected into BALB\/c mice, 4T1 cells spontaneously produce highly metastatic tumors that can spread to various organs such as the lung, liver, lymph nodes, and bone, while the primary tumor continues to grow in situ. This 4T1 syngeneic model is particularly useful for studies of bone metastases and the metastatic phenotype.\nThe 4T1 cell's utility extends to techniques like bioluminescence imaging, histological analyses, and the use of molecular markers to track the spread and impact of metastatic disease. This approach allows for the examination of spontaneous metastasis from primary tumors to distant organs, aided by techniques like flow cytometry to analyze tumor cells and their receptor expressions. The imagable 4T1 model has enabled biophotonic imaging to track tumor growth and metastasis in vivo in animal models, facilitating studies on metastatic cells in target organs and tumor foci. \nThe immunocompetent nature of the mouse 4T1 breast tumor cell line allows for investigations into the role of the immune system and immunity in metastasis, as well as immunotherapy of cancer. Moreover, the 4T1 syngeneic tumor model has been instrumental in omics characterization and fusion gene detection.\nOverall, the 4T1 mammary carcinoma cell line serves as a versatile tool for studying mammary tumor biology, tumor metastasis, and the development of new treatments in both murine and human contexts.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101141\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950195569005,"sku":"300300","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/4T1_20P1_20300300-100223_2010x01_2016022023_1920x1920_e2dd5de1-7a2d-49d3-b8f4-49c56e980c3f.jpg?v=1769068932"},{"product_id":"a9-cell-bhc11101296","title":"A9 cell","description":"A9 cells are a fibroblast-like cell line derived from mouse adipose tissue. They were established as a subclone of the L929 parent strain by W. R. Earle in 1940. The parent strain was obtained from normal subcutaneous areolar and adipose tissue of a male C3H\/An mouse. \nA notable feature of these cells is that they express adenosine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT), denoted as APRT+ and HPRT+. These cells have been valuable in virus studies, particularly involving pseudorabies virus (PRV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) of the Indiana strain, and herpes simplex virus (HSV). \nA9 cells' sensitivity and response to these viruses have made them useful for studying viral replication, pathogenesis, and potential antiviral treatments. In immunology, A9 cells are used in various research areas. They are a valuable model for studying immune responses, antibody production, monoclonal antibody generation, and hybridoma technology.\nDue to their rapid proliferation (doubling time of approximately 24 hours), A9 cells provide a sufficient cell supply for experiments and downstream applications. A9 cells have a fibroblast-like morphology and adhere to the culture substrate. Categorized as animal cells and belonging to the hybridoma cell type, A9 cells were formed by fusing B lymphocytes from Mus musculus (mouse) with myeloma cells from the same species. \nThis unique combination allows A9 cells to exhibit properties of both B lymphocytes and myeloma cells. Overall, A9 cells are a well-established fibroblast-like cell line utilized for studying viral infections, especially PRV, VSV, and HSV, and in immunology.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101296\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950196748653,"sku":"305166","price":550.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/A9_20P1_2020x01_20100523_1920x1920_8ca3b801-5cb2-4d16-9b9e-7d0d4113dbdb.jpg?v=1769068942"},{"product_id":"ab2-2-cell-bhc11101692","title":"AB2.2 cell","description":"The AB2.2 cell line is a widely utilized murine embryonic stem (ES) cell line derived from the 129S7 (also known as 129P2\/OlaHsd) mouse strain. It has played a prominent role in gene targeting and transgenic mouse generation due to its robust capacity for in vitro expansion and genetic manipulation. AB2.2 cells are pluripotent, capable of contributing to all germ layers, and have been instrumental in producing germline-competent chimeras. However, like many ES cell lines maintained over extended culture periods, AB2.2 is prone to chromosomal instability, especially aneuploidy involving chromosome 8.\n\nCytogenetic analysis of AB2.2 and its sub-lines has revealed a high frequency of chromosomal abnormalities, with mosaic and pure trisomy 8 being particularly common. In one study, AB2.2 displayed a mosaic karyotype involving gains of chromosomes 8 and Y, including configurations such as 42,XY,+Y,+8 \/ 41,XY,+Y \/ 40,XY. Among its sub-lines, additional karyotypic anomalies were identified, such as double trisomies involving chromosomes 8 and 11, and complex derivative chromosomes arising from unbalanced translocations involving chromosome 8. These structural and numerical aberrations are associated with decreased germline transmission efficiency, and their presence complicates interpretation of genotype-phenotype relationships in chimeric animals.\n\nGiven its genetic background and susceptibility to chromosomal instability, AB2.2 remains a powerful tool in mouse genetics, but it requires careful quality control. Routine karyotype screening-including both G-banding and FISH-is recommended before proceeding with blastocyst injection to ensure the chromosomal integrity necessary for reliable germline transmission and accurate phenotypic analyses.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101692\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950196814189,"sku":"305738","price":650.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"atdc5-cell-bhc11101509","title":"ATDC5 cell","description":"ATDC5 is a murine chondrogenic cell line derived from mouse teratocarcinoma cells and is widely used as an in vitro model for studying chondrogenesis and cartilage development. This cell line undergoes sequential chondrogenic differentiation, mimicking in vivo processes such as cellular condensation, the expression of early chondrocytic markers like type II collagen and aggrecan, and the transition to hypertrophic chondrocytes, marked by type X collagen expression and matrix mineralization. Due to its ability to proliferate and differentiate efficiently, ATDC5 serves as a valuable model for exploring molecular mechanisms related to skeletal development, especially endochondral ossification.\nATDC5 cells have been extensively used to study the influence of various growth factors, hormones, and transcription factors on chondrogenesis. For instance, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) has been shown to promote early chondrogenic differentiation by modulating the expression of extracellular matrix components like fibronectin. Similarly, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), particularly BMP-2, -4, and -7, play a critical role in promoting different stages of chondrocyte differentiation in ATDC5. Moreover, the activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels in these cells, combined with hyaluronan, has been demonstrated to enhance the expression of key chondrogenic markers such as SOX9 and Aggrecan, further supporting their utility in cartilage tissue engineering studies.\nThis cell line has been instrumental in proteomics research as well, showing that ATDC5 cells can synthesize major cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) components like aggrecan and type II collagen, along with the proper post-translational modifications required for cartilage function. Its capacity to recapitulate crucial ECM biosynthesis events makes ATDC5 an indispensable model for studying cartilage formation and related pathologies.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101509\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950197666157,"sku":"305427","price":450.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ATDC5_20WaKo_20P1_2020x01_20270924_ch00_1920x1920_fde645dd-b1f0-414b-a3d3-879f03dd80af.jpg?v=1769068950"},{"product_id":"b82-cell-bhc11101292","title":"B82 cell","description":"B82 cells were derived from mouse fatty tissue, growh adherently and show a fibroblast morphology, providing researchers with a versatile model to explore a wide range of scientific questions.\nB82 cells originate from NCTC clone 929, a cell line that underwent progressive selection in BUdR (bromodeoxyuridine). As a result, B82 cells demonstrate a high cloning efficiency of 70-80%, enabling researchers to generate a substantial number of genetically identical cells for their experiments. The karyotype of B82 cells is 2n = 51. \nB82 cells are a suitable experimental model for studying cellular behaviour, signalling pathways, and tissue engineering applications. With their high cloning efficiency, researchers can confidently explore a myriad of scientific questions.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101292\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950197862765,"sku":"305173","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/b82_20_281_29_1920x1920_a33d0bff-062a-4112-989f-7a4f4179b9b4.jpg?v=1769068952"},{"product_id":"balb-3t3-clone-a31-cell-bhc11101237","title":"BALB\/3T3 clone A31 cell","description":"BALB\/3T3 clone A31, a fibroblast cell line developed by S.A. Aaronson and G.T. Todaro in 1968, originates from disaggregated 14- to 17-day-old BALB\/c mouse embryos. This cell line is a fundamental tool in the study of cellular biology, particularly noted for its capacity to support virus growth and susceptibility to oncogenic transformations. Characteristically, these cells are spindle-shaped fibroblasts that can act as multipotential mesenchymal cells. They demonstrate the potential to differentiate into various tissues depending on microenvironmental influences or culture conditions, underlining their versatility in experimental models.\n\nThe cell culture practices for BALB\/3T3 clone A31 involve repeated transfers before reaching confluence to minimize cell-cell contact, promoting characteristics such as contact inhibition of cell division, growth at high dilution, and low saturation density. These cells exhibit a karyotype variability with a modal number of 78 chromosomes, ranging from 62 to 109, predominantly featuring telocentric or acrocentric chromosomes. Despite occasional reports of cytogenetic instability, BALB\/3T3 A31 cells maintain a non-tumorigenic status, though they show tumorigenic properties when cultured in semisolid mediums. Notably, they are highly susceptible to transformation by oncogenic DNA viruses like SV40 and murine sarcoma virus, and have tested negative for the ectromelia virus (mousepox), adding another layer of value for virological and oncological research.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101237\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950197961069,"sku":"305155","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/Balb-3T3_20clone_20A31_20P5_2020x01_20080822_1920x1920_ea709bd6-0d01-40e2-aa1c-1031072b360b.jpg?v=1769068953"},{"product_id":"bj-fibroblast-cell-bhc11101406","title":"BJ Fibroblast cell","description":"BJ cells, derived from neonatal male foreskin, are human fibroblasts, which are a type of cell found in connective tissue. They are often used in biological and medical research due to their ability to proliferate and their human origin, making them relevant for studying human biology and disease.\nBJ cells, derived from human skin fibroblasts, are primarily used in studies related to cellular responses to oxidative stress, contributing to our understanding of aging, disease mechanisms, and cellular defense against oxidative damage. The cells further present a viable alternative to mouse BALB\/c 3T3 cells for in vitro toxicological evaluations, particularly in the Neutral Red Uptake (NRU) assay. This assay is widely used to assess cytotoxic effects by measuring cell viability through the uptake of neutral red dye.\nThe absence of strong telomerase activity in the BJ human foreskin fibroblasts, independent of hTERT, highlights their role in studying premature senescence, elongation of telomeres, and the effects of hyperoxia on telomere length. The human cell lines BJ and HaCaT are often used together in dermatological research due to their complementary nature in representing key aspects of skin physiology. HaCaT cells, being human keratinocytes, serve as a model for the epidermal layer of the skin, while BJ cells, derived from human fibroblasts, represent the dermal layer. This combination allows for a comprehensive study of skin responses at both the epidermal and dermal levels, making them invaluable for investigating skin aging, wound healing, and the effects of various treatments on skin health.\nIn summary, BJ cells, also known as human BJ fibroblasts, serve as a versatile model in biological research, offering insights into the impact of environmental exposures, cellular senescence, and radical biology.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101406\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950198288749,"sku":"305222","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/BJ_20P1_2020x01_20220124_ch00_1920x1920_d50c8446-fe8a-46eb-a95f-ed2b65fa23c5.jpg?v=1769068957"},{"product_id":"c127-cell-bhc11101143","title":"C127 cell","description":"C127 cells, originating from murine mammary epithelial tissues, are an indispensable mammalian cell line that lays a solid groundwork for a multitude of biological studies. These cells have undergone a rigorous engineering process, involving infection with specifically designed viruses that integrate T7 RNA polymerase driven by a viral promoter into their genome. The flexibility of C127 cells is further enhanced by the introduction of an additional recombinant virus that carries cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cDNA under the control of a T7 promoter, or alternatively, a transfected plasmid bearing the same promoter. This genetic setup enables precise control over protein expression, tailored to produce specific proteins, thereby making C127 cells an exceptional tool for protein expression studies.\n\nThe epithelial nature of C127 cells, reflective of their derivation from mammary gland tissues, supports their growth in an adherent manner. They exhibit rapid proliferation and can be employed to scrutinize cellular processes, growth, and differentiation across diverse experimental conditions. The unique genetic modifications present in these cells make them an ideal model for stable cell transfection experiments, allowing researchers to insert foreign genetic material and explore gene functions, protein interactions, and the consequences of genetic modifications. Additionally, their use in 3D cell culture has been increasingly recognized, providing insights into cell-cell interactions, tissue morphogenesis, and disease modeling with greater physiological relevance, thereby extending their utility beyond traditional 2D cultures.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101143\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950199861613,"sku":"305169","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/c127-_282_29_1920x1920_1b1d84d0-bb56-4d1d-9693-90c1db420353.jpg?v=1769068971"},{"product_id":"c3h-10t1-2-cell-bhc11101238","title":"C3H\/10T1\/2 cell","description":"The C3H\/10T1\/2, Clone 8 cell line is a murine fibroblast cell line derived from C3H mouse embryo tissues. This cell line is widely utilized in biological research due to its capacity to differentiate into a variety of cell types when treated with appropriate agents. The C3H\/10T1\/2 cells exhibit characteristics typical of fibroblasts but have the remarkable ability to undergo transformation into adipocytes, chondrocytes, or osteoblasts under specific experimental conditions. This makes them an invaluable model for studying mesenchymal differentiation, tissue engineering, and carcinogenesis.\n\nThese cells are particularly noted for their use in research involving the mechanisms of action of carcinogens and the genetic regulation of cellular transformation. C3H\/10T1\/2, Clone 8 cells are sensitive to contact inhibition and maintain a stable phenotype under standard culture conditions, which is critical for reproducible results in experiments. Furthermore, their responsiveness to a variety of chemical and environmental stimuli makes them an excellent model for toxicology studies, examining the effects of various substances on cellular behavior and differentiation pathways.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101238\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950200025453,"sku":"305164","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/C3H-10T1-2_2C_20Clone_208_20_284_29_1920x1920_a1e4332a-85a0-4751-8864-b18e9da94b43.jpg?v=1769068974"},{"product_id":"df-1-cell-bhc11101236","title":"DF-1 cell","description":"DF-1 cells are a continuous cell line derived from chicken embryonic fibroblasts, specifically from East Lansing Line (ELL-0) chickens. The cell line is noted for its lack of endogenous avian leukosis virus, which is a common contaminant in many other chicken cell lines. This characteristic makes DF-1 cells particularly valuable for virology research, especially in studies involving the propagation and genetic manipulation of viruses that infect birds, such as avian influenza and Marek's disease virus.\n\nIn addition to their use in virology, DF-1 cells are utilized in various areas of cellular and molecular biology research. They have a robust growth rate and a fibroblast-like morphology, making them suitable for in vitro experiments that require a stable avian cell environment. These cells have been instrumental in gene expression studies, especially concerning the effects of viral and other genetic elements in avian species. The genetic stability and susceptibility to transfection also make DF-1 an excellent model for studying gene function and regulation in a controlled environment.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101236\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950202876269,"sku":"305016","price":650.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/UMNSAH-DF-1_20P1_20305016-M_2010x01_20291122_1920x1920_9818dd5b-b9af-42f1-97c0-b650cd837f72.jpg?v=1769069008"},{"product_id":"dh82-cell-bhc11101045","title":"DH82 cell","description":"DH-82 cells, derived from the malignant histiocytosis of a ten-year-old male Golden Retriever, are a cornerstone in the study of canine immunology and related diseases. \nThese cells exhibit a macrophage-like morphology, mirroring the key functions of human macrophages, thereby providing a relevant model for investigating various aspects of canine health, particularly immune system-related conditions. \nA defining characteristic of DH-82 cells is their capability to phagocytize latex particles, an essential function of macrophages responsible for the elimination of foreign substances in the body. This property positions DH-82 cells as a robust tool for delving into the immune responses of dogs, especially in the face of infections and inflammatory diseases. The expression of Fc gamma receptors in DH-82 cells is a notable trait.\nThese receptors are integral to immune responses, as they bind to antibodies and facilitate the phagocytosis of antibody-coated pathogens or particles. This makes DH-82 cells particularly valuable in studies focusing on immune responses and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In contrast, DH-82 cells do not express Fc mu and C3b receptors. \nThe absence of Fc mu receptors, typically found on B cells and involved in antigen presentation, and C3b receptors, which bind to complement proteins in immune responses, provides a controlled setting for examining specific immune mechanisms that might be influenced by these receptors. \nAdditionally, DH-82 cells are non-producers of IL-1, a pivotal cytokine in inflammatory responses. This feature offers a unique perspective for investigating the role of IL-1 in various biological processes and understanding IL-1-mediated diseases. \nIn the realm of infectious diseases, DH-82 cells have proven particularly useful in studying canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME), a tick-borne illness caused by Ehrlichia canis. \nThe cells provide a conducive environment for the bacterium's growth, aiding in the exploration of the disease's development and potential treatments. The doubling time of DH-82 cells, approximately 26 hours, is also a critical aspect in their use, influencing experimental design and the interpretation of results.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101045\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950202909037,"sku":"305003","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/DH82_20P3_2020x01_20250823_ch00_1920x1920_dc59de85-260e-4d69-953c-3454843bac43.jpg?v=1769069008"},{"product_id":"emt6-cell-bhc11101142","title":"EMT6 cell","description":"The EMT6 cell line is a murine mammary adenocarcinoma line that is extensively used in cancer research, particularly in studies related to breast cancer. Originating from a spontaneous tumor in a BALB\/c mouse, EMT6 cells are employed both in vitro and in vivo to analyze tumorigenesis, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance. The cells are characterized by their ability to form tumors rapidly when transplanted into immunocompetent mice, making them an ideal model for studying tumor immunity and the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies.\n\nEMT6 cells are highly adaptable to various growth conditions and have a relatively high mitotic index, which facilitates easy cultivation and experimental manipulation in laboratory settings. They are also used in radiobiology studies due to their pronounced sensitivity to radiation, providing insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying radiation therapy for cancer. The cell line has been instrumental in the development of protocols for hypoxic cell sensitizers and has been used to test the efficacy of photodynamic therapy agents.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101142\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950203597165,"sku":"305159","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/EMT6_20WaKo_20P1_2020x01_20220525_ch00_1920x1920_52aec384-3414-4352-b00b-fd15766e1cb6.jpg?v=1769069016"},{"product_id":"eo771-cell-bhc11101546","title":"EO771 cell","description":"EO771 is a murine mammary cancer cell line derived from spontaneous tumors in C57BL\/6 mice. This line serves as an important preclinical model for studying breast cancer in an immunocompetent setting, due to its compatibility with syngeneic C57BL\/6 mouse models. These models facilitate the exploration of interactions between tumor cells and the immune system, providing insights into tumor growth and metastasis.\n\nEO771 cells are classified as luminal B subtype, characterized by being estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) negative, estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) positive, progesterone receptor positive, and ErbB2 (HER2) positive. This classification aligns with luminal B tumors found in humans, which often have poorer prognoses compared to luminal A types. EO771's luminal B status makes it relevant for investigating hormonal therapy responses; studies have shown the cell line's sensitivity to anti-estrogen treatments such as tamoxifen and other selective estrogen receptor modulators.\n\nIn addition to its phenotypic traits, EO771 has proven useful for studies on tumor metastasis and immune response modulation. Its metastatic behavior mirrors that of human breast cancer, with frequent dissemination to the lungs and other sites, such as the peritoneum and brain. These attributes make EO771 a valuable model for evaluating the efficacy of novel anticancer treatments and understanding tumor-immune system dynamics.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101546\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950203629933,"sku":"305352","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/EO771_20P1_2010x01_20250325_ch00_1920x1920_9d3c0f0c-941f-460d-9b31-b532ef21b2bf.jpg?v=1769069016"},{"product_id":"ges-1-cell-bhc11101510","title":"GES-1 cell","description":"GES-1 is a human gastric epithelial cell line commonly used in research focused on the gastric mucosa, particularly in studies exploring gastric diseases, inflammation, and cytotoxic responses. These cells are derived from normal gastric tissue and provide an in vitro model for investigating the effects of environmental toxins, drugs, and pathogens on gastric epithelial cells.\nOne significant area of research utilizing GES-1 involves studying the cytotoxic effects of environmental pollutants, such as nanoplastics, on human gastric cells. For example, polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) have been shown to enter GES-1 cells via endocytosis, inducing cellular stress responses such as autophagy, apoptosis, and decreased cell proliferation. These particles were found to accumulate in vesicles, autophagosomes, and lysosomes, indicating their internalization and cytotoxic potential within gastric epithelial cells. Additionally, studies have shown that inhibiting pathways like the RhoA\/F-actin signaling pathway reduces the internalization of these nanoplastics, which helps in understanding the molecular mechanisms governing cellular uptake and response to foreign particles.\nGES-1 cells are also used to investigate the protective effects of various compounds against gastric injuries. For instance, the traditional medicinal plant Fallopia denticuta has demonstrated protective effects on GES-1 cells against ethanol-induced damage. The study showed that extracts of this plant enhanced the proliferation of GES-1 cells and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, which are key contributors to gastric ulcer development. This makes GES-1 an important tool for exploring both cytotoxic mechanisms and potential protective treatments in gastric health research.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101510\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950204285293,"sku":"305428","price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/GES-1_20P1_2010x01_20050924_ch00_1920x1920_b2a5da0b-8e3c-4c3d-811b-468fc457fb86.jpg?v=1769069027"},{"product_id":"hc11-cell-bhc11101276","title":"HC11 cell","description":"The HC11 cell line, a clone derived from the COMMA-1D parental cell line, is an epithelial cell line sourced from the mammary gland of a mid-pregnant BALB\/c mouse. This particular clone was isolated through transfection and was subsequently selected for its ability to induce beta-casein protein in response to prolactin. As a model, HC11 is particularly noted for its responsiveness to prolactin and other lactogenic hormones like insulin and dexamethasone, which facilitate the production of milk proteins such as beta-casein.\n\nIn terms of cellular behavior and characteristics, HC11 cells are capable of differentiation in culture conditions that do not require the addition of a complex extracellular matrix or co-culture with other cell types. This simplifies the use of HC11 cells in various experimental setups, focusing on the cellular mechanisms of mammary gland function and development. Notably, HC11 cells autonomously produce key extracellular matrix proteins, including laminin, which are crucial for their structure and function. The gene expression profile of HC11 cells varies with their differentiation state: undifferentiated cells express genes such as Lgals1, Ran, Jam-A, Bmpr1a, Nfkbiz, Trib 1, Rps21, and ler3, while differentiated cells express Id1, highlighting the dynamic changes in gene expression associated with mammary epithelial cell differentiation.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101276\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950204907885,"sku":"305050","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/hc11_20_281_29.jpg?v=1769069035"},{"product_id":"hce-t-cell-bhc11101473","title":"HCE-T cell","description":"The HCE-T cell line is derived from human corneal epithelial cells and has been immortalized by transfection with the plasmid RSV-T (pRSV-T). This plasmid carries an SV40 origin of replication (SV40 ori) and includes the SV40 early region genes along with the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat (RSV-LTR). This genetic modification enables the HCE-T cells to bypass normal senescence, allowing for indefinite proliferation. Despite their immortalization, these cells retain many of the functional and phenotypic characteristics of primary corneal epithelial cells, including typical epithelial morphology, the ability to form adherent monolayers, and the expression of cytokeratins and other essential epithelial markers. As a result, HCE-T cells are an invaluable resource for in vitro ocular research.\n\nHCE-T cells are widely utilized to investigate various aspects of corneal epithelial biology, such as cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and response to external stimuli, including therapeutic agents and environmental stressors. Their ability to mimic in vivo corneal conditions makes them highly relevant for studying corneal diseases like dry eye syndrome, keratitis, and corneal ulcers. These cells serve as an important model to explore disease mechanisms and test potential treatments. Additionally, HCE-T cells play a crucial role in drug development and testing for ophthalmic applications, offering a reliable platform to evaluate the safety and efficacy of new drugs and drug delivery systems. Their capacity for long-term culture allows for sustained research efforts, advancing the development of new therapies aimed at improving ocular health.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101473\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950205268333,"sku":"305255","price":550.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/hce-t_20_284_29_1920x1920_7fa6b4f9-f7c9-456a-9e1a-3dc882dd6272.jpg?v=1769069038"},{"product_id":"het-1a-cell-bhc11101454","title":"HET-1A cell","description":"The HET-1A cell line is derived from the human esophageal epithelium and is used extensively in gastroenterological research. These cells provide a valuable model for studying the physiology and pathology of the esophagus, particularly in the context of esophageal diseases such as Barrett's esophagus and esophageal cancer. HET-1A cells are often employed to investigate the cellular responses to various environmental and dietary factors that may contribute to esophageal disease development and progression.\nHET-1A cells exhibit an epithelial morphology and retain characteristics typical of esophageal epithelial cells, including the expression of cytokeratins and other epithelial markers. They are used in studies focusing on epithelial cell biology, differentiation, and the mechanisms of cellular transformation. Researchers utilize HET-1A cells to explore the effects of acid and bile reflux, oxidative stress, and inflammation on esophageal cells, providing insights into the pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its potential progression to Barrett's esophagus or esophageal adenocarcinoma. Additionally, HET-1A cells are used to assess the impact of various chemopreventive and therapeutic agents on esophageal epithelial health, making them an important tool for advancing the understanding and treatment of esophageal disorders.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101454\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950207398253,"sku":"305270","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/HET-1A_20P3_2010x01_20190924_ch00_1920x1920_ebf49d2f-1233-42c6-83a0-43045ba8d01f.jpg?v=1769069057"},{"product_id":"hk-fdc-cell-bhc11101327","title":"HK\/FDC cell","description":"Follicular dendritic cell (FDC)-like cell lines (HK cells) from human tonsils were established to investigate the role of FDC in germinal centers of lymphoid follicles. Initially, HK cells expressed markers like CD21, CD23, DRC-1, CD40, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and HJ2, but lost DRC-1, CD21, and CD23 within three days of culture. Morphologically and functionally, HK cells are distinct from fibroblasts and have unique growth requirements. They bind to B cells, supporting their proliferation, but not to T cells. Activated T cells, stimulated with anti-CD3 antibodies, bind to HK cells, inducing phenotypic changes and promoting their growth. HK cells preferentially bind and stimulate germinal center (GC) B cells, rescuing them from apoptosis. They enhance B cell proliferation in the presence of anti-mu or anti-CD40. These cells also produce soluble factors that contribute to their costimulatory activity. Phenotypic and functional analyses suggest that HK cells may be derived from FDCs, highlighting their potential role in supporting GC B cell maturation and differentiation. Immortalized versions of these HK\/FDC-like cells are now also available, offering a more stable and scalable tool for long-term studies of FDC function and B cell interactions.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101327\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950207824237,"sku":"300204","price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/20210315_HK_P6_R20_10x_1920x1920_3de320a1-2b28-464d-9135-14d939351600.jpg?v=1769069063"},{"product_id":"hmec-1-cell-bhc11101340","title":"HMEC-1 cell","description":"HMEC-1 cells, or Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells-1, are an immortalized cell line derived from human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. This cell line was developed to facilitate research on the microvascular endothelial function and pathology. HMEC-1 cells are extensively used in vascular biology research due to their ability to retain many of the phenotypic and functional characteristics of primary endothelial cells.\nHMEC-1 cells display typical endothelial cell markers such as CD31 (PECAM-1), von Willebrand factor, and VE-cadherin, and they can form capillary-like structures when cultured on appropriate matrices, mimicking angiogenesis in vitro. This makes them particularly valuable for studies on angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature, a critical process in both physiological and pathological conditions such as wound healing, cancer growth, and cardiovascular diseases.\nThese cells are also used to explore endothelial cell responses to inflammatory cytokines, the barrier function of endothelial layers, and the interaction between endothelial cells and other cell types like immune cells. HMEC-1 cells are amenable to genetic manipulation, allowing researchers to investigate the impact of specific genes on endothelial function and to model various vascular diseases.\nFurthermore, HMEC-1 cells serve as a model system for studying the permeability of endothelial barriers, which is crucial in the context of drug delivery and the pathogenesis of infectious diseases where pathogens cross endothelial barriers. The cell line’s versatility and ease of use continue to make it a cornerstone in studies of microvascular endothelial cell biology and pathology.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101340\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950208610669,"sku":"304064","price":550.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/HMEC-1_20P3_2020x01_20030423_1920x1920_ad79e8ff-1eb9-4200-bbf0-5cef0d9e682c.jpg?v=1769069067"},{"product_id":"hroc24-t1-m1-cell-bhc11100441","title":"HROC24 T1 M1 cell","description":"This is one of a series of tumor cell lines which have been established by PD Dr. Michael Linnebacher from PDTx (Patient-derived Tumor xenografts) since 2006.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100441\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950209659245,"sku":"300813","price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/hroc24-t1-m1-_282_29_1920x1920_2641718b-f922-45b4-8ebc-c9fcc31395d6.jpg?v=1769069082"},{"product_id":"hsf-sv40-cell-bhc11101679","title":"HSF (SV40) cell","description":"The HSF(SV40) immortalized cell line refers to cells that have been genetically modified to express the Simian Virus 40 (SV40) large T-antigen (T-Ag), which facilitates cellular immortalization. SV40 T-Ag is a potent oncoprotein that interacts with critical tumor suppressor proteins, such as p53 and retinoblastoma protein (Rb), leading to the inactivation of their tumor-suppressive functions. This interaction disrupts normal cell cycle control mechanisms, allowing cells to bypass senescence and proliferate indefinitely. \nDue to their immortalized nature and the critical involvement of SV40 T-Ag in their transformation, HSF(SV40) cells are widely used in cancer research, particularly in studies related to viral oncogenesis, cell cycle regulation, and therapeutic interventions targeting molecular chaperones and tumor suppressor pathways. Their use provides valuable insights into the interplay between viral oncoproteins and host cell regulatory networks, paving the way for the development of targeted cancer therapies.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101679\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950211920237,"sku":"305338","price":1500.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/HSF_20SV40_20P1_2010x01_20281124_ch00_1920x1920_08b220eb-6f2f-428a-976f-64e5553064cb.jpg?v=1769069108"},{"product_id":"human-gingival-fibroblasts-hgf-cell-bhc11100282","title":"Human Gingival Fibroblasts (hGF) cell","description":"Human Gingival Fibroblasts (hGF) are primary cells derived from the connective tissue of the gingiva, or gum tissue, in the oral cavity. These fibroblasts play a critical role in maintaining the structural integrity of the gingival tissue by producing extracellular matrix components, including collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans. Their ability to proliferate and migrate is essential for wound healing, tissue repair, and the response to periodontal disease. In addition to their structural roles, hGF are involved in inflammatory responses within the gingiva, interacting with various immune cells and mediating the release of cytokines and growth factors. This makes them a key cellular model for studying oral health, periodontal disease, and tissue regeneration.\n\nhGF cells are widely used in research focused on oral biology, particularly in understanding the pathophysiology of periodontal diseases, where the interaction between fibroblasts and pathogenic bacteria like *Porphyromonas gingivalis* is of significant interest. These cells are also utilized in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, especially in developing therapies for gingival and periodontal defects. Their response to different biomaterials, growth factors, and extracellular matrix components is frequently studied to optimize conditions for tissue repair and regeneration in oral surgery and dental implants.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100282\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950212247917,"sku":"300703","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"kera-308-cell-bhc11100457","title":"Kera-308 cell","description":"The Kera-308 cell line, established from adult mouse skin keratinocytes, offers a versatile model for studying the intricate processes of skin physiology, particularly wound healing and keratinocyte function. This cell line demonstrates a remarkable ability to up-regulate keratin expression, including wound-induced keratin types such as Krt6a, under specific conditions such as treatment with Morus alba root extract. The responsiveness of Kera-308 cells to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) highlights their utility in investigating the cellular mechanisms underlying skin repair and regeneration.\nA standout feature of Kera-308 cells is their dose-dependent proliferation response, which can be significantly enhanced by external stimuli like Morus alba root extract. This characteristic makes Kera-308 an excellent tool for probing the molecular underpinnings of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation in response to therapeutic agents.\nMoreover, the transcriptional profile of Kera-308 cells in wound healing scenarios, particularly their up-regulated keratin filament and CXCL12\/CXCR4 signaling, provides invaluable insights into the cellular and molecular dynamics at play during skin repair. The involvement of these signaling pathways underscores the relevance of Kera-308 cells in exploring new therapeutic strategies for enhancing wound healing and treating skin disorders.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100457\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950213329261,"sku":"400429","price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/kera-308-_284_29_1920x1920_3bee3ceb-fcfb-42b9-ac23-77c16e711b83.jpg?v=1769069120"},{"product_id":"ku-80-cell-bhc11101470","title":"Ku 80-\/- cell","description":"Ku80-\/- MEF (Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast) cells are genetically engineered fibroblast cells derived from mice that lack the Ku80 gene (XRCC5). The Ku80 protein, in conjunction with Ku70, forms the Ku heterodimer, which is essential for the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. The absence of Ku80 in these cells impairs their ability to effectively repair DSBs, making them a valuable model for studying the role of the NHEJ pathway in genomic stability, DNA repair mechanisms, and cancer biology.\nKu80-\/- MEF cells exhibit increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation and other DNA-damaging agents due to their compromised DSB repair capacity. These cells also tend to accumulate chromosomal aberrations and exhibit genomic instability. The lack of Ku80 affects not only DNA repair but also other cellular processes such as V(D)J recombination, which is crucial for the development of a diverse repertoire of antibodies and T-cell receptors in the immune system.\nResearch using Ku80-\/- MEF cells has provided significant insights into the molecular mechanisms of NHEJ and the broader implications of defective DNA repair. These studies are crucial for understanding the development of cancer and other diseases associated with genomic instability. Additionally, they help in the exploration of potential therapeutic targets for enhancing DNA repair in cancer cells, thereby improving the efficacy of cancer treatments that rely on inducing DNA damage in tumor cells.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101470\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950213886317,"sku":"305258","price":550.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"l929-cell-bhc11100706","title":"L929 cell","description":"L-929 cells are a fibroblast-like cell line derived from the subcutaneous connective tissue of a 100-day-old male C3H\/An mouse. Established in the 1940s, this cell line has become pivotal in various biological and medical research fields due to its robustness, ease of culture, and versatility in applications.\nL-929 cells are characterized by their spindle-shaped, fibroblastic morphology, and adherent growth. They are widely used in cytotoxicity assays and serve as a standard model to assess the biocompatibility of materials and the toxic effects of various substances, which is particularly relevant in the fields of biomaterials and tissue engineering.\nL-929 cells are also employed in the study of cytokine activity, especially in assays for necrosis factor (TNF) activity, due to their sensitivity to TNF-induced cytotoxicity. This makes them valuable in immunology and inflammation research.\nL-929 cells are further utilized in virology as a host for viral replication studies. Their susceptibility to various viruses, such as the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), facilitates the investigation of viral life cycles, host-virus interactions, and the efficacy of antiviral compounds.\nOverall, the L-929 cell line is a valuable resource in scientific research and offers a versatile platform for studies in cytotoxicity, immunology, virology, and biomaterials.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100706\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950214345069,"sku":"400260","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/L-929_20WaKo_20P1_2020x01_20180925_ch00_1920x1920_df1cb9aa-bbb3-4cbc-a4e2-473f6d73fc54.jpg?v=1769069131"},{"product_id":"lm-tk-lmtk-cell-bhc11101297","title":"LM\/TK(LMTK-) cell","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe LM\/TK- (LMTK-) cell line is derived from murine fibroblasts and is characterized by the lack of thymidine kinase (TK) activity. This cell line is particularly useful in genetic and molecular biology research, where it serves as a model system for studying gene function, DNA replication, and recombination. The absence of TK in these cells allows for the selection of mutants or recombinant cells that have regained TK activity, making them valuable in studies involving TK-deficient mutants and for the selection of TK-positive clones following transfection with exogenous DNA.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis cell line, derived from a sub-line of the L-M mouse fibroblast cell line which is resistant to BUdR, is potentially used for genetic and biochemical studies such as gene transfer and somatic cell hybridization. LM\/TK- cells are commonly employed in research involving the herpes simplex virus (HSV) thymidine kinase gene, as they provide a crucial background for the selection of HSV-TK gene transformants. This has significant implications in gene therapy research, where HSV-TK is used in suicide gene therapy strategies to selectively kill cancer cells. Furthermore, these cells are utilized in the production of recombinant viruses and in the analysis of viral gene expression and replication. The LMTK- cell line thus plays a critical role in advancing our understanding of genetic manipulation and the development of therapeutic strategies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950214705517,"sku":"305176","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/L-MTK-_20WaKo_20P1_2010x01_20160725_ch00_1920x1920_a148cc12-84b2-427e-89b2-10bcb606aef8.jpg?v=1769069134"},{"product_id":"l-wrn-cell-bhc11101235","title":"L-WRN cell","description":"The L-WRN cell line is a murine fibroblast cell line derived from the L cells, which are mouse fibroblasts originally isolated from connective tissue. L-WRN cells have been engineered to stably express Wnt3a, R-spondin 3, and Noggin. These factors are critical for the growth and maintenance of intestinal organoids and stem cell cultures. The overexpression of these proteins enhances the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells, making L-WRN cells a valuable tool for studying intestinal biology and disease modeling.\n\nIn addition to their application in organoid culture, L-WRN cells serve as a robust model for investigating Wnt signaling pathways. Wnt signaling is pivotal in regulating cell fate, proliferation, and migration during development and in adult tissues. By providing a consistent and controlled source of Wnt3a, R-spondin 3, and Noggin, L-WRN cells facilitate research into the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes. Researchers can use these cells to dissect the roles of these signaling molecules in various biological contexts, including cancer, tissue regeneration, and developmental biology.\n\nOverall, the L-WRN cell line is a powerful tool in biomedical research due to its ability to support the growth of complex three-dimensional cultures and its utility in studying key signaling pathways. Its role in the advancement of intestinal stem cell research and its contributions to our understanding of Wnt signaling highlight its importance in the field of cellular and molecular biology.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101235\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950215033197,"sku":"300641","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/L-WRN_20P1_2020x01_20220525_ch00_1920x1920_8cd04c7a-ca77-47b9-b5d0-887e992a8882.jpg?v=1769069138"},{"product_id":"ma-balb-cell-bhc11100620","title":"MA-Balb cell","description":"Ma-Balb is a mouse cell line established in vitro from a solid, spontaneously occurring mammary carcinoma in a female BALB\/c mouse. This cell line originated from a solid, bean-sized tumor obtained from the mammary region of a young BALB\/c mouse. Ma-Balb cells are significant in cancer research, particularly for studying mammary tumors, due to their derivation from a tumor-prone strain known for developing such cancers.\n\nThe Ma-Balb cell line, with its fibroblast-like morphology, provides a robust model for investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving mammary carcinoma. Researchers utilize these cells to explore the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to tumorigenesis, enabling a deeper understanding of cancer biology. Furthermore, Ma-Balb cells are instrumental in testing new anticancer treatments, offering insights into drug efficacy and toxicity. Their relevance extends to immunological studies, where they help elucidate the interactions between cancer cells and the immune system, thereby contributing to the advancement of immunotherapies.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100620\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950215295341,"sku":"400270","price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/ma-balb-_282_29_1920x1920_76dcd3a2-5ed9-43ee-9bfb-2013de82f571.jpg?v=1769069140"},{"product_id":"mca-3d-cell-bhc11100691","title":"MCA-3D cell","description":"The MCA-3D cell line is derived from primary mouse epidermal cultures that exhibit resistance to calcium-induced terminal differentiation. These cells were initially treated with the carcinogens N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) or 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), and subsequently exposed to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The resistance to terminal differentiation was assessed by elevating calcium levels in the culture medium to 1.2 mM, which selectively allows for the growth of transformed cells while normal cells typically undergo terminal differentiation and death.\n\nThe MCA-3D cell line displays an epithelial morphology and forms well-defined colonies in culture. Ultrastructural analysis reveals that MCA-3D cells contain keratin filaments and desmosomes, which are indicative of their epithelial origin and suggest maintenance of some degree of normal keratinocyte differentiation. However, the exact abundance of these structures can vary among subpopulations within the line.\n\nMCA-3D cells have been tested for tumorigenicity by subcutaneous injection into syngeneic Balb\/c neonates, with results indicating that this line is non-tumorigenic, even after prolonged culture in high calcium conditions. Additionally, the MCA-3D cells do not grow in soft agar, further supporting their non-malignant phenotype. Biochemical assays for gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity and transglutaminase activity have shown that MCA-3D cells are negative for GGT, and their transglutaminase activity does not correlate with tumorigenic potential, aligning with their non-tumorigenic classification.\n\nOverall, the MCA-3D cell line serves as a model for studying the early stages of carcinogenesis and the factors that influence the progression from preneoplastic lesions to fully malignant tumors.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100691\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950215590253,"sku":"400437","price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/mca-3d-_284_29_1920x1920_a79f0af0-0b75-49fd-8b76-e2fd5639ccbd.jpg?v=1769069143"},{"product_id":"mcf10a-cell-bhc11101277","title":"MCF10A cell","description":"The MCF10A human mammary epithelial cell line, established from the mammary gland of a 36-year-old female with fibrocystic disease, serves as a model for studying the intricacies of normal breast cell function, transformation, and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition critical in invasive breast carcinoma transition.\nAs a non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line derived from benign proliferative breast tissue, MCF10A cells are instrumental in mammary cell studies, offering insights into breast tumor progression and the dynamics of tumor cells in mammospheres. MCF10 A cells, characterized by their three-dimensional growth in collagen and their ability to form acinar structures in mixed Matrigel, provide a reliable model for analyzing the impact of oncogenes and studying the mammosphere formation, which is crucial for understanding the properties of mammary progenitor cells and their role in cancer research.\nThe MCF10A cell line, while exhibiting a basal-like phenotype, express a combination of luminal and stem-like markers, as well as epithelial-cell markers such as cytokeratins and milk proteins. Their responsiveness to insulin, glucocorticoids, cholera enterotoxin, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) underscores the importance of growth factors and hormones in the proliferation and survival of human breast tissue cells.\nThe MCF 10A model, provides a window into the genomic signaling pathways that govern cell behavior and phenotype in 3D culture, offering a platform for immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining to visualize cellular processes. These cells are crucial for studying the transition of mammary cells during breast cancer development, including the role of lipid oxidation product genotoxicity and the impact of dietary components like soybean trypsin inhibitor on cell function. Furthermore, the MCF 10A cell line's comparison with other lines such as MCF7 (which is tumorigenic and estrogen receptor-positive) and MCF10F (another non-tumorigenic line but with different characteristics) enriches breast cancer research by providing diverse models for understanding the spectrum of non-invasive to highly metastatic phenotypes.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101277\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950215623021,"sku":"305026","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/MCF_2010A_20P2_20305026-M_2010x01_20250123_1920x1920_af0c09cf-199f-4296-94fc-d2a90a3318ba.jpg?v=1769069143"},{"product_id":"mdcc-msb1-cell-bhc11100180","title":"MDCC-MSB1 cell","description":"The MDCC-MSB1 cell line is a lymphoblastoid cell line derived from a chicken with Marek's disease, a highly contagious viral disease caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV), which belongs to the herpesvirus family. These cells are extensively used in veterinary virology and immunology research to study the pathogenesis of MDV, as well as in the development and evaluation of vaccines against this disease. The MDCC-MSB1 cell line exhibits characteristics typical of lymphoid cells, such as the expression of specific surface markers and cytokine production, which are crucial for understanding the immune response to MDV infection.\n\nIn addition to its role in MDV research, the MDCC-MSB1 cell line is valuable for studying general mechanisms of oncogenesis and viral replication in avian species. The cells are known for their robust growth in suspension culture, making them convenient for large-scale production and experimental manipulation. Researchers utilize this cell line to investigate the molecular interactions between MDV and its host, to identify viral and host factors involved in disease progression, and to screen potential antiviral compounds. Overall, the MDCC-MSB1 cell line is a vital tool in both basic and applied avian virology research.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100180\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950216016237,"sku":"601413","price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/MDCC-MSB1_20WAKO_20P1_2020x01_20140825_ch00_1920x1920_da83e5e4-9bbe-4fa5-9903-b353f3f15b32.jpg?v=1769069147"},{"product_id":"m-msv-balb-3t3-cell-bhc11100735","title":"M-MSV-Balb\/3T3 cell","description":"The M-MSV-Balb\/3T3 cell line is a mouse fibroblast cell line derived from BALB\/c mice. These cells are widely used in research due to their stable growth characteristics and well-characterized genetic background. They originate from the 3T3 cell line, which is a standard fibroblast cell line established from mouse embryonic tissue. The M-MSV-Balb\/3T3 cells have been transformed by the Moloney Murine Sarcoma Virus (M-MSV), making them a valuable tool for studying viral oncogenesis, signal transduction pathways, and the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular transformation and tumorigenesis.\n\nThe transformation by M-MSV endows these cells with a range of oncogenic properties, including increased proliferation rates, loss of contact inhibition, and the ability to form colonies in soft agar, which are hallmarks of malignant transformation. These features make M-MSV-Balb\/3T3 cells particularly useful for in vitro studies on cancer biology, including the identification of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, as well as the testing of potential anticancer therapies. Additionally, their use in transfection experiments allows for the exploration of gene function and regulation in the context of a transformed phenotype.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100735\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950217032045,"sku":"400458","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"mr1-cell-bhc11101307","title":"MR1 cell","description":"MR1 is a hybridoma cell line derived from the fusion of spleen cells with NS-1 myeloma cells, following the immunization of animals with mouse T cells, particularly of the Th1 subtype. These cells express immunoglobulin, specifically monoclonal antibodies targeting the mouse CD40 ligand (CD154, also known as gp39 or CD40L). The isotype of the monoclonal antibody produced is IgG. CD154 is a crucial molecule involved in T cell interactions, particularly in the activation of B cells, as its binding to CD40 on B cells is essential for B cell proliferation, differentiation, and immunoglobulin production. This binding also influences T cell costimulation and cytokine production, making CD154 an important target for therapeutic intervention in immune modulation.\n\nMR1-derived antibodies specifically target and block the interaction between CD154 and CD40, which has therapeutic implications in various immune responses. Notably, anti-CD154 antibodies have been used to induce T cell unresponsiveness to organ grafts in transplantation. By blocking the CD154-CD40 interaction, MR1 antibodies inhibit T cell activation and the associated immune response, promoting a state of tolerance. This strategy is particularly valuable in preventing organ rejection in transplant recipients, as it enables long-term graft survival without the need for systemic immunosuppressants, which can have extensive side effects. In experimental models, MR1 antibodies have demonstrated the ability to prolong pancreatic islet graft survival, which is significant in the treatment of diabetes through islet transplantation.\n\nMR1 antibodies are also utilized in research related to autoimmune diseases, where inappropriate activation of T cells and B cells via CD40-CD154 interactions plays a critical role. By inhibiting these interactions, MR1 antibodies can help modulate immune responses, making them potential candidates for therapeutic applications beyond transplantation, including in autoimmune conditions and certain lymphoproliferative disorders. Research and patent literature have explored the use of MR1 in various applications, underscoring its relevance in the field of immune regulation and therapeutic antibody development.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101307\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950217228653,"sku":"305000","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/MR1_20P0_20305000-M_2020x01_20151122_1920x1920_510a5fa2-4458-4162-8053-f7ef9eab4a82.jpg?v=1769069157"},{"product_id":"msc-p5-cell-bhc11100741","title":"MSC-P5 cell","description":"The MSCP5 cell line, derived from murine skin keratinocytes, represents a vital tool for research in dermatology and cellular biology. This line is characterized by its robust expression of prostaglandin-H synthase 2 (PGHS-2), also known as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme critical in the prostaglandin biosynthesis pathway, which plays a pivotal role in inflammation and wound healing processes. Notably, MSCP5 cells exhibit a pronounced induction of PGHS-2 expression upon stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), mimicking the cellular response to inflammatory conditions and hyperproliferative states of the epidermis.\nThis cell line offers a unique model for investigating the regulation of COX-2 expression and its implications in skin pathophysiology, including inflammation and carcinogenesis. The PMA-induced upregulation of PGHS-2 in MSCP5 cells provides a valuable system for studying the molecular mechanisms of keratinocyte response to inflammatory stimuli, the role of prostaglandins in skin diseases, and the potential therapeutic targeting of COX-2 in dermatological conditions.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100741\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950217392493,"sku":"400294","price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/msc-p5-_281_29_1920x1920_883da2e8-0c1e-422e-a154-c3e300b43c21.jpg?v=1769069158"},{"product_id":"ncm460-cell-bhc11101683","title":"NCM460 cell","description":"The NCM460 cell line is derived from normal human colon mucosal epithelial cells, providing a critical in vitro model for studying human intestinal physiology and pathology. This cell line was established from histologically normal tissue isolated during surgery from a gastric cancer patient, specifically from the transverse colon margin considered free of malignant changes. NCM460 cells exhibit characteristics typical of gastrointestinal epithelial cells, including the expression of markers such as villin and human secretory component, confirming their epithelial origin. Importantly, these cells maintain a non-tumorigenic phenotype, as demonstrated by their inability to grow in soft agar and lack of tumor formation in nude mice.\n\nThe culture of NCM460 cells requires specialized conditions to support their growth as a mixed suspension-monolayer system, reflecting varying stages of epithelial differentiation. The presence of mucin-positive cells and neuroendocrine marker expression in some subpopulations suggests a retained multilineage capability, indicative of a stem-like component within the cell population. This property makes NCM460 particularly useful for studies on cell differentiation, drug transport, and epithelial barrier functions.\n\nNCM460 has been widely applied in research focusing on colon cancer progression, allowing comparisons between normal and diseased epithelial cells. It also serves as a platform for investigating the effects of dietary components, pharmaceuticals, and other external factors on colon epithelial health and disease. This cell line offers a robust tool for advancing our understanding of gastrointestinal biology at the cellular and molecular levels.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101683\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950219620717,"sku":"305395","price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}]},{"product_id":"nih-3t3-cell-bhc11100601","title":"NIH-3T3 cell","description":"NIH-3T3 cells are a fibroblast cell line derived from the tissue of a NIH Swiss mouse embryo. These cells are known for their spindle-shaped morphology and are widely utilized in scientific research due to their ability to grow rapidly and to a high cell density. NIH-3T3 cells are particularly noted for their utility in genetic studies, including DNA transfection experiments, where they are used to introduce foreign DNA into their genomes. This has made them a valuable tool for studying gene function and regulation.\nAdditionally, NIH-3T3 cells are employed in oncogenic research, specifically in assays for the identification and characterization of cancer-causing genes. They have a remarkable capacity to support the propagation of various types of viruses, including sarcoma and leukemia viruses, making them integral to virology studies.\nOne of the key features of the NIH-3T3 cell line is its spontaneous immortalization. This characteristic, combined with their genetic stability over continuous passaging, makes NIH-3T3 cells an exemplary model system for exploring cellular processes, signaling pathways, and the effects of various pharmacological treatments in mammalian cells.\nCharacterized by a heterogeneous cell population, NIH 3T3 mouse cells underscore the intrinsic cellular heterogeneity within fibroblast subtypes, which is critical for deciphering the complex interplay between cellular composition and tissue architecture. These cells exhibit a spindle-like morphology on a chitosan surface, transitioning to an elongated form on OCMCS (oxidized cellulose) surfaces.\nThe NIH3T3 cell line ontology encompasses various subclones, including 3T3-L1, a model for adipogenesis, and 3T3-J2, employed as a feeder layer in keratinocyte cultures, illustrating the cellular line's broad applicability across different proliferation rates and research disciplines.\nNIH-3T3 cells are pivotal in research for their rapid growth, spindle-shaped morphology, and versatility in genetic and oncogenic studies. Their spontaneous immortalization and genetic stability enhance their utility in exploring cellular dynamics and pharmacological effects. The diversity within this cell line, including its response to various substrates and the existence of specialized subclones like 3T3-L1 and 3T3-J2, underscores its broad applicability and critical role in advancing our understanding of cellular behavior and disease mechanisms.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100601\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950219751789,"sku":"400101","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/NIH-3T3_P1_WaKo_20x01_191224_281_29_1920x1920_6d40521a-e53d-43c3-a0eb-15eccffb79e4.jpg?v=1769069178"},{"product_id":"nih-3t3-ras-cell-bhc11100621","title":"NIH-3T3-ras cell","description":"These cells are useful for DNA transfection and transformation studies. The cells are transfected with the H-ras-oncogene (G-418. resistance to neomycine).\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100621\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950219784557,"sku":"400100","price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/nih-3t3-ras-_281_29_1920x1920_37932ff8-fb7a-4b15-ae11-b32f5c1db7b6.jpg?v=1769069179"},{"product_id":"okt-3-cell-bhc11101294","title":"OKT 3 cell","description":"Mice were immunized with human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The splenocytes were fused with P3x63Ag8.U1 myeloma cells. The monoclonal antibody produced by this hybridoma was used as an immunosuppressant under the name Muromonab-CD3.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101294\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950220472685,"sku":"300499","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/OKT_203_20WaKo_20P1_2010x01_20170924_ch00_1920x1920_a236182a-a28b-42af-8efa-d5c115db7dd8.jpg?v=1769069187"},{"product_id":"pdv-cell-bhc11100397","title":"PDV cell","description":"Primary epidermal keratinocytes of neonatal C57BL\/10 LP mice were transformed in vitro using 7,12-dimethylbenzantracene (DMBA).\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100397\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950221291885,"sku":"400314","price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pdv-_285_29_1920x1920_f71da9d8-d232-40a0-a74e-56ff6aadb951.jpg?v=1769069193"},{"product_id":"rf-6a-cell-bhc11101234","title":"RF\/6A cell","description":"Weibel-Palade granules are seen by electron microscopy.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101234\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950222700909,"sku":"305150","price":550.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/RF-6A_20P2_20305150_2020x01_2013022023_1920x1920_9c848869-e2da-47f1-a590-a091967cdc77.jpg?v=1769069206"},{"product_id":"sat-cell-bhc11100439","title":"SAT cell","description":"In vitro established from the SAT-Ascites Tumor of NMRI-mice bearing a primary tumor of the mammary gland.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100439\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950223454573,"sku":"400332","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/sat-_281_29_1920x1920_71fb96f3-3621-4e83-b30a-d68e49ca29cf.jpg?v=1769069215"},{"product_id":"sto-cell-bhc11100414","title":"STO cell","description":"The line was derived from the SIM fibroblast line. Cells have been selected for 6-thioguanine and ouabain resistance. They are HGPRT-(HPRT-), and HAT sensitive. The line is used as feeder layers for teratocarcinoma cells and hybridomas.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100414\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950225355117,"sku":"400165","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/sto-_284_29_1920x1920_07d24bfe-0ea7-49e6-8303-ca1d773b7510.jpg?v=1769069236"},{"product_id":"svec4-10-cell-bhc11101219","title":"SVEC4-10 cell","description":"The SVEC4-10 cell line is derived from murine endothelial cells and is widely utilized in research focused on vascular biology and endothelial function. These cells are characterized by their robust proliferative capacity and ability to form capillary-like structures, making them an excellent model for studying angiogenesis and vascular network formation. SVEC4-10 cells express typical endothelial markers such as CD31 (PECAM-1) and von Willebrand factor, which are essential for their identification and functionality in vascular studies.\n\nIn addition to their use in angiogenesis research, SVEC4-10 cells are also employed in studies investigating endothelial cell response to various stimuli, including cytokines, growth factors, and pharmacological agents. They provide a valuable in vitro system to explore mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and its implications in diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes. The ability to manipulate these cells genetically further enhances their utility in dissecting molecular pathways involved in endothelial cell biology. Overall, SVEC4-10 cells are a vital tool in vascular research, contributing to the understanding of endothelial cell behavior and pathology.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101219\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950225584493,"sku":"305180","price":550.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/SVEC4-10_20P0_20305180-M_2020x01_20040123_1920x1920_2f461306-ca41-40b0-878b-7f2cd7b44d55.jpg?v=1769069240"},{"product_id":"t2-cell-bhc11101437","title":"T2 cell","description":"The T2 cell line is a derivative of the T1 human lymphoblastoid cell line and is characterized by its unique properties related to antigen processing and presentation. These cells are deficient in the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), resulting in the inability to effectively transport peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum for loading onto major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. This deficiency makes T2 cells particularly valuable in immunological research, especially in studies related to the presentation of antigens and the function of MHC class I molecules. By using T2 cells, researchers can better understand the mechanisms of immune recognition and the role of TAP in antigen presentation.\nT2 cells are also known for their application in cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assays. Due to their TAP deficiency, these cells express very low levels of surface MHC class I molecules unless exogenous peptides are added. This property allows for the precise study of peptide-MHC interactions and the evaluation of CTL responses to specific antigens. Furthermore, T2 cells are used in vaccine development research, particularly in designing strategies that enhance the presentation of antigens to the immune system. Their unique characteristics make T2 cells a crucial tool in both basic and applied immunology research.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101437\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950226305389,"sku":"305228","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/t2-_282_29_1920x1920_afaa4ee1-8719-4ec6-b3cb-80a613bb84de.jpg?v=1769069252"},{"product_id":"tc-1-cell-bhc11101681","title":"TC-1 cell","description":"TC-1 is a murine lung epithelial cell line transformed with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6 and E7 oncogenes, along with an activated H-ras oncogene. The cell line was developed from primary lung epithelial cells of C57BL\/6 mice using a dual retroviral transduction strategy. Initially, a retroviral vector derived from Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV), such as pLXSN-16E6E7, was used to deliver the E6 and E7 oncogenes. In this vector, the genes are expressed from the viral 5′ LTR promoter, and a neomycin resistance gene (NeoR) under the control of an internal SV40 promoter enabled selection with G418. Stable expression of E6 and E7 results in inactivation of p53 and Rb tumor suppressor pathways, driving cell immortalization.\n\nFollowing initial selection, a second MoMLV-based retroviral vector encoding an activated H-ras (G12V) gene was introduced to complete transformation. This vector carried a different selectable marker, typically a hygromycin resistance gene (hph), driven by an internal promoter such as SV40 or PGK. Cells that survived sequential selection with G418 and hygromycin demonstrated stable integration of all three oncogenes, resulting in fully transformed and immortalized TC-1 cells.\n\nIn functional studies, TC-1 cells exhibit strong expression of MHC class I molecules, making them highly immunogenic and widely utilized for evaluating experimental vaccines and immunotherapies targeting HPV-associated malignancies. They have been instrumental in preclinical vaccine studies, particularly those aimed at eliciting CD8+ T-cell responses against HPV16 E7. Additionally, sublines with downregulated MHC class I expression have been developed to mimic immune escape mechanisms, providing further insights into the interplay between tumor cells and host immunity. These properties make TC-1 a robust and versatile model for immuno-oncology and HPV vaccine development.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11101681\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950226501997,"sku":"305388","price":550.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/TC-1_20WaKo_20P1_2010x01_20090425_ch00_1920x1920_d89202c0-d366-4037-ae79-2be3471e85d0.jpg?v=1769069255"},{"product_id":"tri-c3h-cell-bhc11100563","title":"TRI-C3H cell","description":"In vitro established from the Trichoepithelioma of the C3H-mice.\n\u003cp style=\"display:none\"\u003eSKU:BHC11100563\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cytion","offers":[{"title":"1 cryovial","offer_id":52950226927981,"sku":"400359","price":800.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/tri-c3h-_284_29_1920x1920_4a8a324c-efcb-454a-9d51-03803f63b8fc.jpg?v=1769069260"},{"product_id":"t-cds17-4-cells-bhc10900323","title":"T-CDS17-4 Cells","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT-CDS17#4 cells were derived from tumor cells of a male human with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. This cell line is able to proliferate in subcutaneous and orthopedic animal models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eModel identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e T-CDS17-4 Cells is supplied as a tumor cell line derived from Human cartilage.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGrowth properties:\u003c\/strong\u003e Adherent, mesenchymal-like\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGrowth conditions:\u003c\/strong\u003e Use of PriCoat™ T25 Flasks (G299) or Applied Cell Extracellular Matrix (G422) is required for cell adhesion to the culture vessels. PriGrow III (TM003) + 10% FBS(Regular*) + 1X GlutaMAX + 1% Penicillin\/Streptomycin Solution (G255), 37.0°C, 5% CO₂ *Do not heat-inactivate\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Frozen, BSL-2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis cell-based model is generally used in cartilage biology, phenotype comparison, and assay development studies. Donor\/background information is available for contextual interpretation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT-CDC17 cells are stem cell related, invasive, and constitutes all the mutations present in the chondrosarcoma tumor cells with two additional mutations in TP53 and amplification of Mouse Double Minute 2 homolog (MDM2). This cell line may be used for further investigation of cancer stem cells. Donor\/background information provided for this product: Male, 49, Caucasian, Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-line models continue to be used for tumor phenotype comparison, pathway perturbation studies, and assay development in controlled in vitro systems.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEngineered and subtype-defined tumor lines are often used to compare growth behavior, reporter output, and response patterns across matched experimental conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWhen metastatic or lineage features are described, investigators commonly interpret results alongside morphology, passage history, and culture environment.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCancer biology studies that compare proliferation-associated behavior, morphology, and pathway responses in vitro.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssay development for treatment response, reporter monitoring, or phenotype comparison under matched culture conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSide-by-side comparison of engineered versus parental background characteristics when relevant to the study design.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChanges in morphology, growth rate, viability, or reporter signal are typically interpreted together with passage history, culture matrix, and the specified growth conditions for the model.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMorphology, doubling behavior, and reporter or marker output can shift with passage number, substrate choice, and medium composition; these variables should be recorded alongside experimental readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMatched controls such as parental cells, untreated cultures, or parallel cultures maintained under identical conditions help distinguish background effects from biology of interest.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCulture and product details\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGrowth Conditions:\u003c\/strong\u003e Use of PriCoat™ T25 Flasks (G299) or Applied Cell Extracellular Matrix (G422) is required for cell adhesion to the culture vessels. PriGrow III (TM003) + 10% FBS(Regular*) + 1X GlutaMAX + 1% Penicillin\/Streptomycin Solution (G255), 37.0°C, 5% CO₂ *Do not heat-inactivate\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSeeding Density (cells\/cm²):\u003c\/strong\u003e 20,000 - 30,000\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Applied Biological Materials (abm) Inc.","offers":[{"title":"1x10\u003csup\u003e6\u003c\/sup\u003e cells \/ 1.0 ml","offer_id":53180493889901,"sku":"T8288","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/t8288-abm.jpg?v=1774957737"},{"product_id":"cds11-cells-bhc10900226","title":"CDS11 Cells","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCDC11 cells were derived from tumor cells of a female human with secondary chondrosarcoma. This cell line is able to proliferate in subcutaneous and orthopedic animal models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eModel identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e CDS11 Cells is supplied as a tumor cell line derived from Human cartilage.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGrowth properties:\u003c\/strong\u003e Adherent, mesenchymal-like\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGrowth conditions:\u003c\/strong\u003e Use of PriCoat™ T25 Flasks (G299) or Applied Cell Extracellular Matrix (G422) is required for cell adhesion to the culture vessels. PriGrow III (TM003) + 10% FBS(Regular*) + 1X GlutaMAX + 1% Penicillin\/Streptomycin Solution (G255), 37.0°C, 5% CO₂ *Do not heat-inactivate\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Frozen, BSL-2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis cell-based model is generally used in cartilage biology, phenotype comparison, and assay development studies. Donor\/background information is available for contextual interpretation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCDC11 cells are stem cell related and invasive, and constitutes all the mutations present in the chondrosarcoma tumor cells. This cell line may be used for further investigation of cancer stem cells. Donor\/background information provided for this product: Female, 61, Caucasian, Secondary chondrosarcoma (associated with Ollier disease).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-line models continue to be used for tumor phenotype comparison, pathway perturbation studies, and assay development in controlled in vitro systems.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEngineered and subtype-defined tumor lines are often used to compare growth behavior, reporter output, and response patterns across matched experimental conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWhen metastatic or lineage features are described, investigators commonly interpret results alongside morphology, passage history, and culture environment.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCancer biology studies that compare proliferation-associated behavior, morphology, and pathway responses in vitro.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssay development for treatment response, reporter monitoring, or phenotype comparison under matched culture conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSide-by-side comparison of engineered versus parental background characteristics when relevant to the study design.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChanges in morphology, growth rate, viability, or reporter signal are typically interpreted together with passage history, culture matrix, and the specified growth conditions for the model.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMorphology, doubling behavior, and reporter or marker output can shift with passage number, substrate choice, and medium composition; these variables should be recorded alongside experimental readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMatched controls such as parental cells, untreated cultures, or parallel cultures maintained under identical conditions help distinguish background effects from biology of interest.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCulture and product details\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGrowth Conditions:\u003c\/strong\u003e Use of PriCoat™ T25 Flasks (G299) or Applied Cell Extracellular Matrix (G422) is required for cell adhesion to the culture vessels. PriGrow III (TM003) + 10% FBS(Regular*) + 1X GlutaMAX + 1% Penicillin\/Streptomycin Solution (G255), 37.0°C, 5% CO₂ *Do not heat-inactivate\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSeeding Density (cells\/cm²):\u003c\/strong\u003e 10,000 - 20,000\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"Applied Biological Materials (abm) Inc.","offers":[{"title":"1x10\u003csup\u003e6\u003c\/sup\u003e cells \/ 1.0 ml","offer_id":53180494578029,"sku":"T8286","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/t8286-abm.jpg?v=1774957735"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/collections\/rtc-cell-biology-cell-signaling-pathways-cells.oembed?page=33","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}