{"title":"WB specificity validation","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"abcg8-antibody-bha17106085","title":"ABCG8 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eABCG8 Antibody is a research-use-only Rabbit polyclonal (rabbit origin) Rabbit IgG directed against \u003cstrong\u003eABCG8\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, IF. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids 328-371 (DRRSREQELATREKAQSLAALFLEKVRDLDDFLWKAETKDLDED) from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ABCG8 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IF. These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This ABCG8 antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eABCG8\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q9H221\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB Q9H221\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunofluorescence (IF):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare subcellular localization patterns and redistribution across stimuli or phenotypes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5-1ug\/ml,Immunofluorescence: 5ug\/ml\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ABCG8 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ABCG8 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR\/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the White subfamily. The protein encoded by this gene functions to exclude non-cholesterol sterol entry at the intestinal level, promote excretion of cholesterol and sterols into bile, and to facilitate transport of sterols back into the intestinal lumen. It is expressed in a tissue-specific manner in the liver, intestine, and gallbladder. This gene is tandemly arrayed on chromosome 2, in a head-to-head orientation with family member ABCG5. Mutations in this gene may contribute to sterol accumulation and atherosclerosis, and have been observed in patients with sitosterolemia.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids 328-371 (DRRSREQELATREKAQSLAALFLEKVRDLDDFLWKAETKDLDED) from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ABCG8 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry Q9H221 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q9H221\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210312474989,"sku":"R32789","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_e3a8df9d-43a6-41ca-8186-75efc0d038cf.jpg?v=1775785807"},{"product_id":"abcd3-antibody-bha17107737","title":"ABCD3 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eABCD3 Antibody is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003eABCD3\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, IHC, ELISA (peptide). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids PDGREDQKRKGISD were used as the immunogen for this ABCD3 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This ABCD3 antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eABCD3\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\"\u003eUniProtKB\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunohistochemistry (IHC):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare tissue- and cell-type–specific expression patterns in situ.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.2-0.6 ug\/ml,Immunohistochemistry (FFPE): 2.5-5ug\/ml,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:16000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ABCD3 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. This ABCD3 antibody is specific for isoform 1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: ATP-binding cassette, sub-family D\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids PDGREDQKRKGISD were used as the immunogen for this ABCD3 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210312507757,"sku":"R34973-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_174a931f-d9a6-4a6b-86f2-fb6fc8753e38.jpg?v=1775786005"},{"product_id":"5ht2b-receptor-antibody-bha17105436","title":"5HT2B Receptor Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e5HT2B Receptor Antibody is a research-use-only Rabbit polyclonal (rabbit origin) Rabbit IgG directed against \u003cstrong\u003e5HT2B Receptor\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids MRLRSSTIQSSSIILLDTLLLTENEGDKTEEQ V of human 5HT2B Receptor were used as the immunogen for the 5HT2B Receptor antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB. These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This 5HT2B Receptor antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5HT2B Receptor\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P41595\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB P41595\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.1-0.5ug\/ml\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the 5HT2B Receptor antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e 5HT2B Receptor is known as HTR2B. This gene encodes one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) that belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Serotonin is a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. Serotonin receptors mediate many of the central and peripheral physiologic functions of serotonin, including regulation of cardiovascular functions and impulsive behavior. Population and family-based analyses of a minor allele (glutamine-to-stop substitution, designated Q20*) which blocks expression of this protein, and knockout studies in mice, suggest a role for this gene in impulsivity. However, other factors, such as elevated testosterone levels, may also be involved.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids MRLRSSTIQSSSIILLDTLLLTENEGDKTEEQ V of human 5HT2B Receptor were used as the immunogen for the 5HT2B Receptor antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry P41595 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P41595\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210312540525,"sku":"R32094","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_b2d93724-342e-4d35-9b2a-f59c6ac07b1d.jpg?v=1775785687"},{"product_id":"abcc5-antibody-bha17107273","title":"ABCC5 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eABCC5 Antibody is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003eABCC5\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, IHC, ELISA (peptide). Reported localization context: Cytoplasmic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids KDIDIGKEYIIP were used as the immunogen for this ABCC5 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat, Dog, Pig, Cow. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLocalization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cytoplasmic. Subcellular compartment context can help guide expectations in imaging assays and informs fractionation-based comparisons in lysate workflows.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eABCC5\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/O15440\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB O15440\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunohistochemistry (IHC):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare tissue- and cell-type–specific expression patterns in situ.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5-1.5ug\/ml,Immunohistochemistry (FFPE): 4-6ug\/ml,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:32000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ABCC5 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR\/MRP), member 5, MOATC, MRP5\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids KDIDIGKEYIIP were used as the immunogen for this ABCC5 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry O15440 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/O15440\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210312704365,"sku":"R34373-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_4ebd04a9-d87d-4219-ba8a-803eeaddf445.jpg?v=1775785954"},{"product_id":"14-3-3-sigma-antibody-bha17106611","title":"14-3-3 sigma Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e14-3-3 sigma Antibody is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003e14-3-3 sigma\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, IHC, ELISA (peptide). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids DLHTLSEDSYKDST were used as the immunogen for this 14-3-3 sigma antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Dog, Mouse, Pig, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This 14-3-3 sigma antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14-3-3 sigma\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\"\u003eUniProtKB\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunohistochemistry (IHC):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare tissue- and cell-type–specific expression patterns in situ.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.03-0.1ug\/ml,Immunohistochemistry (FFPE): suitable,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:16000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the 14-3-3 sigma antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: Stratifin; SFN\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids DLHTLSEDSYKDST were used as the immunogen for this 14-3-3 sigma antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210312606061,"sku":"R33530-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_3e603507-6377-4a2b-8166-107b38a6b152.jpg?v=1775785882"},{"product_id":"abca4-antibody-bha17106051","title":"ABCA4 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eABCA4 Antibody is a research-use-only Rabbit polyclonal (rabbit origin) Rabbit IgG directed against \u003cstrong\u003eABCA4\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids 1890-1927 (FLLTLLVQRHFFLSQWIAEPTKEPIVDEDDDVAEERQR) from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ABCA4 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB. These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This ABCA4 antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eABCA4\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P78363\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB P78363\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5-1ug\/ml\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ABCA4 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e ABCA4 (ATP-Binding Cassette, Subfamily A, Member 4), also known as ABCR, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ABCA4 gene. ABCA4 is a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter gene sub-family A (ABC1) found exclusively in multicellular eukaryotes. Using a whole genome radiation hybrid panel, this gene is mapped to 1p21-p13. And this gene is expressed exclusively in retina photoreceptor cells, indicating the gene product mediates transport of an essental molecule across the photoreceptor cell membrane. Additionally, it is showed by immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blot analysis that ABCR is present in foveal and peripheral cone, as well as rod, photoreceptors. The results suggested that the loss in central vision experienced by patients with Stargardt macular dystrophy arises directly from ABCR-mediated foveal cone degeneration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids 1890-1927 (FLLTLLVQRHFFLSQWIAEPTKEPIVDEDDDVAEERQR) from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ABCA4 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry P78363 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P78363\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210312638829,"sku":"R32750","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_19a5ce80-0715-4e13-9804-153784aee6f9.jpg?v=1775785800"},{"product_id":"abcc8-antibody-sur1-bha17106792","title":"ABCC8 Antibody \/ SUR1","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eABCC8 Antibody \/ SUR1 is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003eABCC8 \/ SUR1\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, ELISA (peptide). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids EFDKPEKLLSRKD were used as the immunogen for this ABCC8 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat, Dog. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This ABCC8 antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eABCC8 \/ SUR1\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\"\u003eUniProtKB\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5-1.5ug\/ml,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:8000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ABCC8 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR\/MRP), member 8; SUR1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids EFDKPEKLLSRKD were used as the immunogen for this ABCC8 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210312737133,"sku":"R33765-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_8c8292cb-7de3-4e21-b8d5-bd48a4a4326e.jpg?v=1775785902"},{"product_id":"abeta-antibody-bha17106496","title":"Abeta Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbeta Antibody is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003eAbeta\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, ELISA (peptide). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids DAEFGHDSGFEVRHQK were used as the immunogen for this Abeta antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mouse, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This Abeta antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbeta\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\"\u003eUniProtKB\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.03-0.1ug\/ml,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:64000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the Abeta antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: Amyloid beta precursor protein; App\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids DAEFGHDSGFEVRHQK were used as the immunogen for this Abeta antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210312802669,"sku":"R33372-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_160ff64b-c11e-4198-9eb0-0e5943a76e5d.jpg?v=1775785866"},{"product_id":"abcg5-antibody-bha17105649","title":"ABCG5 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eABCG5 Antibody is a research-use-only Rabbit polyclonal (rabbit origin) Rabbit IgG directed against \u003cstrong\u003eABCG5\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB. Reported localization context: Membrane.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids ERRRVSIAAQLLQDPKVMLFDEPTT of human ABCG5 were used as the immunogen for the ABCG5 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLocalization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Membrane. Subcellular compartment context can help guide expectations in imaging assays and informs fractionation-based comparisons in lysate workflows.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB. These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eABCG5\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q9H222\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB Q9H222\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.1-0.5ug\/ml\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ABCG5 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e ABCG5 (Atp-binding cassette, subfamily g, member 5) also known as STEROLIN 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ABCG5 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. This protein is a member of the White subfamily. The protein encoded by this gene functions as a half-transporter to limit intestinal absorption and promote biliary excretion of sterols. The ABCG5 gene contains 13 exons and spans about 28 kb. The ABCG5 gene is mapped on 2p21. It is expressed in a tissue-specific manner in the liver, colon, and intestine. This gene is tandemly arrayed on chromosome 2, in a head-to-head orientation with family member ABCG8. Mutations in this gene may contribute to sterol accumulation and atheroschlerosis, and have been observed in patients with sitosterolemia. Small (2003) reviewed the role of ABC transporters in secretion of cholesterol from liver into bile, particularly the role of ABCG5\/ABCG8. The ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes are an example of closely neighboring genes in a head-to-head orientation that, when mutated, cause the same phenotype.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids ERRRVSIAAQLLQDPKVMLFDEPTT of human ABCG5 were used as the immunogen for the ABCG5 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry Q9H222 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q9H222\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210312769901,"sku":"R32320","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_4bb6dc24-2d26-43e0-8609-45d76734b4a8.jpg?v=1775785727"},{"product_id":"14-3-3-sigma-antibody-biotin-conjugate-bha17106612","title":"14-3-3 sigma Antibody (Biotin Conjugate)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e14-3-3 sigma Antibody (Biotin Conjugate) is a research-use-only Biotin-conjugated Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003e14-3-3 sigma (Biotin Conjugate)\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, ELISA (peptide). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids DLHTLSEDSYKDST were used as the immunogen for this 14-3-3 sigma antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Biotin Conjugate. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Dog, Mouse, Pig, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This 14-3-3 sigma antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. Conjugation (e.g., biotin) can enable flexible detection strategies and multiplex design, but may also change effective avidity and background depending on sample context.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14-3-3 sigma (Biotin Conjugate)\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\"\u003eUniProtKB\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.1-0.3ug\/ml,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:16000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the 14-3-3 sigma antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: Stratifin; SFN\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids DLHTLSEDSYKDST were used as the immunogen for this 14-3-3 sigma antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition. This product is provided as a Biotin conjugate, which can support direct detection workflows and multiplex panel design when background and avidity are appropriately controlled.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210312868205,"sku":"R33530BTN","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_bb541d5b-c17d-4d8c-abc8-447c87d49cf9.jpg?v=1775785882"},{"product_id":"58k-golgi-protein-antibody-golgi-marker-bha17106424","title":"58K Golgi protein Antibody \/ Golgi Marker","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e58K Golgi protein Antibody \/ Golgi Marker is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003e58K Golgi protein \/ Golgi Marker\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, IHC, ELISA (peptide). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids CLREQGRGKDQPGRL were used as the immunogen for this 58K Golgi protein antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Pig, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This 58K Golgi protein antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e58K Golgi protein \/ Golgi Marker\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\"\u003eUniProtKB\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunohistochemistry (IHC):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare tissue- and cell-type–specific expression patterns in situ.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.03-0.1ug\/ml,Immunohistochemistry (FFPE): 3-5ug\/ml,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:64000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the 58K Golgi protein antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: Formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase; FTCD\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids CLREQGRGKDQPGRL were used as the immunogen for this 58K Golgi protein antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210312900973,"sku":"R33277-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_967a66a1-71ae-49fb-a726-00d0e837d051.jpg?v=1775785858"},{"product_id":"abcd2-antibody-bha17107806","title":"ABCD2 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eABCD2 Antibody is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003eABCD2\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, ELISA (peptide). Reported localization context: Cytoplasmic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids PLSDTLAIKGKVID were used as the immunogen for this ABCD2 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLocalization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cytoplasmic. Subcellular compartment context can help guide expectations in imaging assays and informs fractionation-based comparisons in lysate workflows.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eABCD2\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\"\u003eUniProtKB\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5-2ug\/ml,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:32000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ABCD2 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: ATP-binding cassette, sub-family D (ALD), member 2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids PLSDTLAIKGKVID were used as the immunogen for this ABCD2 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210312933741,"sku":"R35069-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_d3c8ab06-fafb-4808-8f56-36a652200bfb.jpg?v=1775786014"},{"product_id":"abcc1-antibody-mrp1-bha17107179","title":"ABCC1 Antibody \/ MRP1","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eABCC1 Antibody \/ MRP1 is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003eABCC1 \/ MRP1\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, ELISA (peptide). Reported localization context: Cytoplasmic and cell surface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids HQSDLKVDENQKAYY were used as the immunogen for this ABCC1 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat, Dog, Pig, Cow. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLocalization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cytoplasmic and cell surface. Subcellular compartment context can help guide expectations in imaging assays and informs fractionation-based comparisons in lysate workflows.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eABCC1 \/ MRP1\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\"\u003eUniProtKB\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.05-0.2ug\/ml,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:128000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ABCC1 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR\/MRP), member 1; Multidrug resistance protein 1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids HQSDLKVDENQKAYY were used as the immunogen for this ABCC1 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210312966509,"sku":"R34260-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_f7f2e2fa-fa18-4b19-bf77-3f9bc25eb5eb.jpg?v=1775785946"},{"product_id":"abat-antibody-4-aminobutyrate-aminotransferase-bha17105805","title":"ABAT Antibody \/ 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eABAT Antibody \/ 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase is a research-use-only Rabbit polyclonal (rabbit origin) Rabbit IgG directed against \u003cstrong\u003eABAT \/ 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, IF, FACS. Reported localization context: Cytoplasmic, granular.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids K388-K500 from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ABAT antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLocalization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cytoplasmic, granular. Subcellular compartment context can help guide expectations in imaging assays and informs fractionation-based comparisons in lysate workflows.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IF, FACS. These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eABAT \/ 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P80404\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB P80404\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunofluorescence (IF):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare subcellular localization patterns and redistribution across stimuli or phenotypes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFACS:\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5-1ug\/ml,Immunofluorescence (FFPE): 5ug\/ml,Flow cytometry: 1-3ug\/million cells\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Differences in protocols and secondary\/substrate sensitivity may require the ABAT antibody to be titrated for optimal performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ABAT gene. ABAT is responsible for catabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an important, mostly inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, into succinic semialdehyde. The active enzyme is a homodimer of 50-kD subunits complexed to pyridoxal-5- phosphate. The protein sequence is over 95% similar to the pig protein. GABA is estimated to be present in nearly one-third of humans ynapses. ABAT in liver and brain is controlled by 2 codominant alleles with a frequency in a Caucasian population of 0.56 and 0.44. The ABAT deficiency phenotype includes psychomotor retardation, hypotonia, hyperreflexia, lethargy, refractoryseizures, and EEG abnormalities. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein isoform have been found for this gene.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids K388-K500 from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ABAT antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry P80404 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P80404\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210312999277,"sku":"R32487","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_52b9e15f-77a4-4647-afe4-54a6f99d077a.jpg?v=1775785755"},{"product_id":"12-lipoxygenase-antibody-alox12-bha17106002","title":"12 Lipoxygenase Antibody \/ ALOX12","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e12 Lipoxygenase Antibody \/ ALOX12 is a research-use-only Rabbit polyclonal (rabbit origin) Rabbit IgG directed against \u003cstrong\u003e12 Lipoxygenase \/ ALOX12\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids 186-231 (ALKRVYTLLSSWNCLEDFDQIFWGQKSALAEKVRQCWQDDELFSYQ) were used as the immunogen for the 12 Lipoxygenase antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mouse, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB. These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This 12 Lipoxygenase antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12 Lipoxygenase \/ ALOX12\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P18054\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB P18054\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5-1ug\/ml\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the 12 Lipoxygenase antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e ALOX12 (Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALOX12 gene. By fluorescence in situ hybridization, the gene is located in band 17p13.1. The gene consists of 14 exons with 13 introns and spans approximately 15 kb of DNA Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase introduces a molecular oxygen into the C-12 position of arachidonic acid to produce 12(S)-hydroperoxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid. The major pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism in human platelets proceeds via a 12-lipoxygenase enzyme. Expression of the LOG12 gene was detected in human erythroleukemia cells, platelets, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells by reverse transcription-PCR analysis.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids 186-231 (ALKRVYTLLSSWNCLEDFDQIFWGQKSALAEKVRQCWQDDELFSYQ) were used as the immunogen for the 12 Lipoxygenase antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry P18054 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P18054\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313032045,"sku":"R32691","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_145bae34-fa20-4879-87ab-7721bd211c44.jpg?v=1775785791"},{"product_id":"abhd14b-antibody-bha17107166","title":"ABHD14B Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eABHD14B Antibody is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003eABHD14B\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, ELISA (peptide). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids HPCYLDKPEEWHT were used as the immunogen for this ABHD14B antibody. No cross-reaction with ABHD14A is expected.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat, Cow, Dog, Pig. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This ABHD14B antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eABHD14B\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\"\u003eUniProtKB\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.3-1ug\/ml,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:64000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ABHD14B antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: Abhydrolase domain containing 14B\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids HPCYLDKPEEWHT were used as the immunogen for this ABHD14B antibody. No cross-reaction with ABHD14A is expected.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313097581,"sku":"R34246-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_389cdb02-00e7-48a3-9f60-0208a0708c38.jpg?v=1775785945"},{"product_id":"aak1-antibody-bha17107082","title":"AAK1 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAAK1 Antibody is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003eAAK1\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, ELISA (peptide). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids GSPRTSQQNVYNPSE were used as the immunogen for this AAK1 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Cow, Mouse, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This AAK1 antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAAK1\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\"\u003eUniProtKB\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 1-3ug\/ml,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:16000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the AAK1 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: AP2 associated kinase 1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids GSPRTSQQNVYNPSE were used as the immunogen for this AAK1 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313064813,"sku":"R34135-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_bcee432b-6159-443d-8a98-ce39eed465cd.jpg?v=1775785933"},{"product_id":"abcb10-antibody-bha17105775","title":"ABCB10 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eABCB10 Antibody is a research-use-only Rabbit polyclonal (rabbit origin) Rabbit IgG directed against \u003cstrong\u003eABCB10\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids 640-678 (QRIAIARALLKNPKILLLDEATSALDAENEYLVQEALDR) from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ABCB10 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB. These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This ABCB10 antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eABCB10\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q9NRK6\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB Q9NRK6\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5-1ug\/ml\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ABCB10 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e ABCB10, also known as M-ABC2, is expressed as a 65-kD nonglycosylated mitochondrial membrane protein. This ABCB10 gene is mapped to 1q42.13. The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. And ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR\/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MDR\/TAP subfamily. Members of the MDR\/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance. The function of this mitochondrial protein is unknown.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids 640-678 (QRIAIARALLKNPKILLLDEATSALDAENEYLVQEALDR) from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ABCB10 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry Q9NRK6 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q9NRK6\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313130349,"sku":"R32456","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_d1a84f68-3f19-4a8a-b718-7f8eafe7d348.jpg?v=1775785747"},{"product_id":"aadat-antibody-bha17107418","title":"AADAT Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAADAT Antibody is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003eAADAT\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, ELISA (peptide). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids KPEDAKNPQKNTPK were used as the immunogen for this AADAT antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This AADAT antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAADAT\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\"\u003eUniProtKB\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 1-3ug\/ml,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:32000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the AADAT antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: Aminoadipate aminotransferase\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids KPEDAKNPQKNTPK were used as the immunogen for this AADAT antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313163117,"sku":"R34561-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_6270e53e-5725-40d5-989e-0d730ea51d1f.jpg?v=1775785972"},{"product_id":"aat-antibody-alpha-1-antitrypsin-serpina1-bha17105883","title":"AAT Antibody \/ Alpha 1 Antitrypsin \/ SERPINA1","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAAT Antibody \/ Alpha 1 Antitrypsin \/ SERPINA1 is a research-use-only Rabbit polyclonal (rabbit origin) Rabbit IgG directed against \u003cstrong\u003eAAT \/ Alpha 1 Antitrypsin \/ SERPINA1\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids E25-T204 from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the AAT antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Monkey, Mouse. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB. These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This AAT antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAAT \/ Alpha 1 Antitrypsin \/ SERPINA1\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P01009\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB P01009\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5-1ug\/ml\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Differences in protocols and secondary\/substrate sensitivity may require the AAT antibody to be titrated for optimal performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e SERPINA1 is also known as PI, A1A or AAT. This gene is mapped to 14q32.1. The protein encoded by this gene is secreted and is a serine protease inhibitor whose targets include elastase, plasmin, thrombin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and plasminogen activator. Defects in this gene can cause emphysema or liver disease. Several transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids E25-T204 from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the AAT antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry P01009 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P01009\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313195885,"sku":"R32565","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_85637d3e-8fdc-43c9-9d9e-2542d67187b0.jpg?v=1775785769"},{"product_id":"abce1-antibody-bha17107387","title":"ABCE1 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eABCE1 Antibody is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003eABCE1\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, ELISA (peptide). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids KLNSIKDVEQKK were used as the immunogen for this ABCE1 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Cow, Dog, Mouse, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This ABCE1 antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eABCE1\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\"\u003eUniProtKB\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.3-1ug\/ml,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:8000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ABCE1 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: ATP-binding cassette, sub-family E, member 1, RNAse L inhibitor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids KLNSIKDVEQKK were used as the immunogen for this ABCE1 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313228653,"sku":"R34523-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_8535b7d8-28ee-4b25-944d-861a97ed2b38.jpg?v=1775785967"},{"product_id":"aarsd1-antibody-bha17107239","title":"AARSD1 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAARSD1 Antibody is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003eAARSD1\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, ELISA (peptide). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids IEFYAKVNSKDSQDK were used as the immunogen for this AARSD1 antibody. This sequence is common to isoforms 1, 2 and 3.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Cow, Dog. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This AARSD1 antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAARSD1\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q9BTE6\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB Q9BTE6\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5 -2ug\/ml,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:32000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the AARSD1 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: Alanyl-tRNA synthetase domain containing 1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids IEFYAKVNSKDSQDK were used as the immunogen for this AARSD1 antibody. This sequence is common to isoforms 1, 2 and 3.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry Q9BTE6 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q9BTE6\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313261421,"sku":"R34332-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_11869c19-c2c3-4ff2-90d8-e2626aa24d36.jpg?v=1775785951"},{"product_id":"14-3-3-theta-antibody-bha17106517","title":"14-3-3 theta Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e14-3-3 theta Antibody is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003e14-3-3 theta\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, ELISA (peptide). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids DDRKQTIDNSQ were used as the immunogen for this 14-3-3 theta antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Dog, Mouse, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This 14-3-3 theta antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14-3-3 theta\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\"\u003eUniProtKB\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.03-0.1ug\/ml,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:4000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the 14-3-3 theta antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: 14-3-3 tau; YWHAQ\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids DDRKQTIDNSQ were used as the immunogen for this 14-3-3 theta antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313294189,"sku":"R33403-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_c766dc31-b431-46dc-a7cd-300b2ea99212.jpg?v=1775785870"},{"product_id":"abcc1-antibody-mrp1-bha17106017","title":"ABCC1 Antibody \/ MRP1","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eABCC1 Antibody \/ MRP1 is a research-use-only Rabbit polyclonal (rabbit origin) Rabbit IgG directed against \u003cstrong\u003eABCC1 \/ MRP1\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids 1493-1528 (DYTRVIVLDKGEIQEYGAPSDLLQQRGLFYSMAKDA) from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ABCC1 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB. These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This ABCC1 antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eABCC1 \/ MRP1\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P33527\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB P33527\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5-1ug\/ml\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ABCC1 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ABCC1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra-and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR\/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This full transporter is a member of the MRP subfamily which is involved in multi-drug resistance. This protein functions as a multispecific organic anion transporter, with oxidized glutatione, cysteinyl leukotrienes, and activated aflatoxin B1 as substrates. This protein also transports glucuronides and sulfate conjugates of steroid hormones and bile salts. Alternatively spliced variants of this gene have been described but their full-length nature is unknown.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids 1493-1528 (DYTRVIVLDKGEIQEYGAPSDLLQQRGLFYSMAKDA) from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ABCC1 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry P33527 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P33527\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313326957,"sku":"R32709","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_205e58ac-97eb-4e46-9122-ce21afe477af.jpg?v=1775785793"},{"product_id":"5ht2ar-antibody-bha17105388","title":"5HT2AR Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e5HT2AR Antibody is a research-use-only Rabbit polyclonal (rabbit origin) Rabbit IgG directed against \u003cstrong\u003e5HT2AR\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, IHC. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids KENKKPLQLILVNTIPALAYKSSQLQMGQKKN of human 5HT2A Receptor were used as the immunogen for the 5HT2AR antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC. These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This 5HT2AR antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5HT2AR\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P28223\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB P28223\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunohistochemistry (IHC):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare tissue- and cell-type–specific expression patterns in situ.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.1-0.5ug\/ml,IHC (FFPE): 1-2ug\/ml\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the 5HT2AR antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e The mammalian HTR2A (5-HT2A receptor) is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor that belongs to the serotonin receptor family and is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). This is the main excitatory receptor subtype among the GPCRs for serotonin (5-HT), although 5-HT2A may also have an inhibitory effect on certain areas such as the visual cortex and the orbit frontal cortex. This receptor was given importance first as the target of psychedelic drugs like LSD. Later it came back to prominence because it was also found to be mediating, at least partly, the action of many antipsychotic drugs, especially the atypical ones. 5-HT2A also happens to be a necessary receptor for the spread of the human polyoma virus called JC virus. Sparkes et al. (1991) concluded that the gene is located on 13q14-q21 in man and on chromosome 14 in the mouse.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids KENKKPLQLILVNTIPALAYKSSQLQMGQKKN of human 5HT2A Receptor were used as the immunogen for the 5HT2AR antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry P28223 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P28223\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313359725,"sku":"R32043","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_3e7a143d-9961-4f7b-ba92-324450190c90.jpg?v=1775785677"},{"product_id":"abce1-antibody-bha17105806","title":"ABCE1 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eABCE1 Antibody is a research-use-only Rabbit polyclonal (rabbit origin) Rabbit IgG directed against \u003cstrong\u003eABCE1\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, IF, IP, FACS. Reported localization context: Cytoplasmic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids K419-D599 from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ABCE1 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLocalization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cytoplasmic. Subcellular compartment context can help guide expectations in imaging assays and informs fractionation-based comparisons in lysate workflows.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IF, IP, FACS. These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eABCE1\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P61221\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB P61221\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunofluorescence (IF):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare subcellular localization patterns and redistribution across stimuli or phenotypes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunoprecipitation (IP):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare enrichment of the target for downstream analysis or complex interrogation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFACS:\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5-1ug\/ml,Immunofluorescence: 5ug\/ml,Immunoprecipitation: 2ug antibody\/500ug lysate,Flow cytometry: 1-3ug\/million cells\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Differences in protocols and secondary\/substrate sensitivity may require the ABCE1 antibody to be titrated for optimal performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e ATP binding cassette E1 (ABCE1, also called RNase L inhibitor) is an ATPase found in humans involved in viral assembly. It is a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters superfamily and OABP subfamily. ABCE1 inhibits the action of ribonuclease L. Ribonuclease L normally binds to 2-5A (5'-phosphorylated 2',5'-linked oligoadenylates) and inhibits the interferon-regulated 2-5A\/RNase L pathway, which is used by viruses. ABCE1 heterodimerize with ribonuclease L and prevents its interaction with 2-5A, antagonizing the anti-viral properties of ribonuclease L, and allow the virus to synthesize viral proteins. It has also been implicated to have an effect in tumorcell proliferation and antiapoptosis.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids K419-D599 from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ABCE1 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry P61221 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P61221\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313392493,"sku":"R32488","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_e76e178f-9a1d-46b1-96e3-ca5f60054723.jpg?v=1775785755"},{"product_id":"abhd5-antibody-cgi-58-bha17105807","title":"ABHD5 Antibody \/ CGI-58","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eABHD5 Antibody \/ CGI-58 is a research-use-only Rabbit polyclonal (rabbit origin) Rabbit IgG directed against \u003cstrong\u003eABHD5 \/ CGI-58\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, IHC, IF, ICC. Reported localization context: Cytoplasmic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids R169-D349 from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ABHD5 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLocalization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cytoplasmic. Subcellular compartment context can help guide expectations in imaging assays and informs fractionation-based comparisons in lysate workflows.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC, IF, ICC. These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eABHD5 \/ CGI-58\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q8WTS1\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB Q8WTS1\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunohistochemistry (IHC):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare tissue- and cell-type–specific expression patterns in situ.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunofluorescence (IF):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare subcellular localization patterns and redistribution across stimuli or phenotypes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunocytochemistry (ICC):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare cellular distribution and cell-to-cell heterogeneity in cultured cells.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5-1ug\/ml,IHC (FFPE): 1-2ug\/ml,IF\/ICC (FFPE): 2-4ug\/ml\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Differences in protocols and secondary\/substrate sensitivity may require the ABHD5 antibody to be titrated for optimal performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase ABHD5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ABHD5 gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a large family of proteins defined by an alpha\/beta hydrolase fold, and contains three sequence motifs that correspond to a catalytic triad found in the esterase\/lipase\/thioesterase subfamily. It differs from other members of this subfamily in that its putative catalytic triad contains an asparagine instead of the serine residue. Mutations in this gene have been associated withChanarin-Dorfman syndrome, a triglyceride storage disease with impaired long-chain fatty acid oxidation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids R169-D349 from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ABHD5 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry Q8WTS1 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q8WTS1\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313425261,"sku":"R32489","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_c0e66472-4ce9-47f8-a623-a51d9fc6bb55.jpg?v=1775785757"},{"product_id":"abhd5-antibody-bha17107021","title":"ABHD5 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eABHD5 Antibody is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003eABHD5\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, IHC, ELISA (peptide). Reported localization context: Cytoplasmic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids FPERPDLADQDR were used as the immunogen for this ABHD5 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human. Mouse, Rat, Dog, Cow. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLocalization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cytoplasmic. Subcellular compartment context can help guide expectations in imaging assays and informs fractionation-based comparisons in lysate workflows.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eABHD5\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\"\u003eUniProtKB\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunohistochemistry (IHC):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare tissue- and cell-type–specific expression patterns in situ.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.2-0.6ug\/ml,IHC (FFPE): 3.75ug\/ml,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:16000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ABHD5 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. This ABHD5 antibody does not cross react with ABHD4.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: CGI58, IECN2, NCIE2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids FPERPDLADQDR were used as the immunogen for this ABHD5 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313458029,"sku":"R34062-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_bfe5cc1e-0c22-4a4b-8333-1eb839967b26.jpg?v=1775785929"},{"product_id":"15-pgdh-antibody-hpgd-bha17106730","title":"15-PGDH Antibody \/ HPGD","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e15-PGDH Antibody \/ HPGD is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003e15-PGDH \/ HPGD\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, IHC, ELISA (peptide). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids DYDTTPFQAKTQ were used as the immunogen for this 15-PGDH antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This 15-PGDH antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15-PGDH \/ HPGD\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\"\u003eUniProtKB\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunohistochemistry (IHC):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare tissue- and cell-type–specific expression patterns in situ.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.1-0.5ug\/ml,Immunohistochemistry (FFPE): 2-4ug\/ml,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:128000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the 15-PGDH antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15; Prostaglandin dehydrogenase 1; HPGD\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids DYDTTPFQAKTQ were used as the immunogen for this 15-PGDH antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313490797,"sku":"R33680-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_65391b4f-c590-4c05-93cb-33c43bc938c7.jpg?v=1775785897"},{"product_id":"abcd1-antibody-bha17106771","title":"ABCD1 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eABCD1 Antibody is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003eABCD1\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, ELISA (peptide). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids EDMQRKGYSEQD were used as the immunogen for this ABCD1 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This ABCD1 antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eABCD1\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\"\u003eUniProtKB\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 1-3ug\/ml,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:32000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ABCD1 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: ATP-binding cassette, sub-family D (ALD), member 1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids EDMQRKGYSEQD were used as the immunogen for this ABCD1 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313523565,"sku":"R33735-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_27298e97-d039-4c53-b0d8-4b434964ad0e.jpg?v=1775785899"},{"product_id":"abr-antibody-active-bcr-related-bha17105776","title":"ABR Antibody \/ Active BCR related","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eABR Antibody \/ Active BCR related is a research-use-only Rabbit polyclonal (rabbit origin) Rabbit IgG directed against \u003cstrong\u003eABR \/ Active BCR related\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, IHC. Reported localization context: Cytoplasmic, membranous.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids HPFPDHELEDMKMKISALKSEIQKEKANKGQSRAIERL from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ABR antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLocalization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cytoplasmic, membranous. Subcellular compartment context can help guide expectations in imaging assays and informs fractionation-based comparisons in lysate workflows.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC. These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eABR \/ Active BCR related\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q12979\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB Q12979\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunohistochemistry (IHC):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare tissue- and cell-type–specific expression patterns in situ.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5-1ug\/ml,IHC (FFPE): 1-2ug\/ml\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ABR antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e This ABR gene encodes a protein that is similar to the protein encoded by the breakpoint cluster region gene located on chromosome 22. The protein encoded by this gene contains a GTPase-activating protein domain, a domain found in members of the Rho family of GTP-binding proteins. Functional studies in mice determined that this protein plays a role in vestibular morphogenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been reported for this gene.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids HPFPDHELEDMKMKISALKSEIQKEKANKGQSRAIERL from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ABR antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry Q12979 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q12979\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313556333,"sku":"R32457","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_fadfed77-34a9-4984-9b87-209164492e7c.jpg?v=1775785750"},{"product_id":"acaa2-antibody-bha17105808","title":"ACAA2 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eACAA2 Antibody is a research-use-only Rabbit polyclonal (rabbit origin) Rabbit IgG directed against \u003cstrong\u003eACAA2\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, IHC, FACS, IF, ICC. Reported localization context: Cytoplasmic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids 207-242 (EVKTKKGKQTMQVDEHARPQTTLEQLQKLPPVFKKD from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ACAA2 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLocalization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cytoplasmic. Subcellular compartment context can help guide expectations in imaging assays and informs fractionation-based comparisons in lysate workflows.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC, FACS, IF, ICC. These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACAA2\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P42765\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB P42765\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunohistochemistry (IHC):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare tissue- and cell-type–specific expression patterns in situ.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFACS:\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunofluorescence (IF):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare subcellular localization patterns and redistribution across stimuli or phenotypes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunocytochemistry (ICC):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare cellular distribution and cell-to-cell heterogeneity in cultured cells.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5-1ug\/ml,IHC (FFPE): 1-2ug\/ml,IF\/ICC (FFPE): 2-4ug\/ml,FACS: 1-3ug\/10^6 cells\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Differences in protocols and secondary\/substrate sensitivity may require the ACAA2 antibody to be titrated for optimal performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e 3-Ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, mitochondrial, also known as acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 2, is an acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACAA2 gene. The ACAA2 gene encodes a 41.9 kDa protein that is composed of 397 amino acids and contains 88 observed peptides. The encoded protein catalyzes the last step of themitochondrial fatty acid beta oxidation spiral. Unlike most mitochondrial matrix proteins, it contains a non-cleavable amino-terminal targeting signal. Additionally, ACAA2 has been shown to be a functional BNIP3 binding partner, which provides a possible link between fatty acid metabolism and cell apoptosis.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids 207-242 (EVKTKKGKQTMQVDEHARPQTTLEQLQKLPPVFKKD from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ACAA2 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry P42765 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P42765\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313589101,"sku":"R32490","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_234b77a6-f75e-48ea-adcf-55b95fd9c417.jpg?v=1775785756"},{"product_id":"acap1-antibody-bha17106845","title":"ACAP1 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eACAP1 Antibody is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003eACAP1\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, ELISA (peptide). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids EKLSRRSHDLHTL were used as the immunogen for this ACAP1 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Cow, Dog, Mouse, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This ACAP1 antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACAP1\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\"\u003eUniProtKB\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5-2ug\/ml,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:32000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ACAP1 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: Arf GAP with coiled coil, ANK repeat and PH domains 1; CENTB1; centaurin, beta 1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids EKLSRRSHDLHTL were used as the immunogen for this ACAP1 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313621869,"sku":"R33838-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_4079b96c-2fc2-4dd5-9f1b-48698e439808.jpg?v=1775785907"},{"product_id":"abp1-antibody-aoc1-amiloride-binding-protein-1-bha17105826","title":"ABP1 Antibody \/ AOC1 \/ Amiloride binding protein 1","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eABP1 Antibody \/ AOC1 \/ Amiloride binding protein 1 is a research-use-only Rabbit polyclonal (rabbit origin) Rabbit IgG directed against \u003cstrong\u003eABP1 \/ AOC1 \/ Amiloride binding protein 1\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, IHC, IF. Reported localization context: Cytoplasmic, membranous.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids 144-180 (STAEYALLYHTLQEATKPLHQFFLNTTGFSFQDCHDR) from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ABP1 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Monkey. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLocalization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cytoplasmic, membranous. Subcellular compartment context can help guide expectations in imaging assays and informs fractionation-based comparisons in lysate workflows.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC, IF. These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eABP1 \/ AOC1 \/ Amiloride binding protein 1\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P19801\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB P19801\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunohistochemistry (IHC):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare tissue- and cell-type–specific expression patterns in situ.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunofluorescence (IF):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare subcellular localization patterns and redistribution across stimuli or phenotypes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5-1ug\/ml,Immunohistochemistry (FFPE): 2-5ug\/ml,Immunofluorescence (FFPE): 5ug\/ml\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Differences in protocols and secondary\/substrate sensitivity may require the ABP1 antibody to be titrated for optimal performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e The AOC1 gene encodes a metal-binding membrane glycoprotein that oxidatively deaminates putrescine, histamine, and related compounds. The encoded protein is inhibited by amiloride, a diuretic that acts by closing epithelial sodium ion channels. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. Catalyzes the degradation of compounds such as putrescine, histamine, spermine, and spermidine, substances involved in allergic and immune responses, cell proliferation, tissue differentiation, tumor formation, and possibly apoptosis. Placental DAO is thought to play a role in the regulation of the female reproductive function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids 144-180 (STAEYALLYHTLQEATKPLHQFFLNTTGFSFQDCHDR) from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ABP1 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry P19801 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P19801\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313654637,"sku":"R32508","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_909bccfa-d1b9-4cdf-9f2a-51dd4718b970.jpg?v=1775785761"},{"product_id":"acat1-antibody-bha17107476","title":"ACAT1 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eACAT1 Antibody is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003eACAT1\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, IF, ELISA (peptide). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids KRVDFSKVPKLKT were used as the immunogen for this ACAT1 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat, Cow. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IF, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This ACAT1 antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACAT1\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\"\u003eUniProtKB\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunofluorescence (IF):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare subcellular localization patterns and redistribution across stimuli or phenotypes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.01-0.03ug\/ml,Immunofluorescence: suitable,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:8000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ACAT1 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: Acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids KRVDFSKVPKLKT were used as the immunogen for this ACAT1 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313687405,"sku":"R34636-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_e7794111-530e-4004-a0bb-5f5c6cce47a7.jpg?v=1775785978"},{"product_id":"ache-antibody-bha17105363","title":"ACHE Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eACHE Antibody is a research-use-only Rabbit polyclonal (rabbit origin) Rabbit IgG directed against \u003cstrong\u003eACHE\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids SSYMVHWKNQFDHYSKQDRCSDL of human ACHE were used as the immunogen for the ACHE antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB. These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This ACHE antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACHE\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P22303\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB P22303\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.1-0.5ug\/ml\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ACHE antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e ACHE is also known as Acetylcholinesterase. And Acetylcholinesterase hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions and brain cholinergic synapses, and thus terminates signal transmission. It is also found on the red blood cell membranes, where it constitutes the Yt blood group antigen. Acetylcholinesterase exists in multiple molecular forms which possess similar catalytic properties, but differ in their oligomeric assembly and mode of cell attachment to the cell surface. It is encoded by the single ACHE gene, and the structural diversity in the gene products arises from alternative mRNA splicing, and post-translational associations of catalytic and structural subunits. The major form of acetylcholinesterase found in brain, muscle and other tissues is the hydrophilic species, which forms disulfide-linked oligomers with collagenous, or lipid-containing structural subunits. The other, alternatively spliced form, expressed primarily in the erythroid tissues, differs at the C-terminal end, and contains a cleavable hydrophobic peptide with a GPI-anchor site. It associates with the membranes through the phosphoinositide (PI) moieties added post-translationally.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids SSYMVHWKNQFDHYSKQDRCSDL of human ACHE were used as the immunogen for the ACHE antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry P22303 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P22303\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313752941,"sku":"R32016","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_3a23db3d-eaff-4a67-b3ca-d4740c3cfbf2.jpg?v=1775785673"},{"product_id":"abl2-antibody-bha17105745","title":"ABL2 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eABL2 Antibody is a research-use-only Rabbit polyclonal (rabbit origin) Rabbit IgG directed against \u003cstrong\u003eABL2\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, IHC. Reported localization context: Cytoplasmic, membranous, nuclear.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids T1065-R1182 of the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ABL2 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLocalization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cytoplasmic, membranous, nuclear. Subcellular compartment context can help guide expectations in imaging assays and informs fractionation-based comparisons in lysate workflows.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC. These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eABL2\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P42684\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB P42684\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/27.0\"\u003eNCBI Gene 27.0\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunohistochemistry (IHC):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare tissue- and cell-type–specific expression patterns in situ.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.1-0.5ug\/ml,Immunohistochemistry (FFPE): 2-5ug\/ml\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ABL2 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL2, also known as Abelson-related gene (Arg), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ABL2 gene. This gene encodes a member of the Abelson family of nonreceptor tyrosine protein kinases. The protein is highly similar to the c-abl oncogene 1 protein, including the tyrosine kinase, SH2 and SH3 domains, and it plays a role in cytoskeletal rearrangements through its C-terminal F-actin- and microtubule-binding sequences. This gene is expressed in both normal and tumor cells, and is involved in translocation with the ets variant 6 gene in leukemia. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been found for this gene.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids T1065-R1182 of the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ABL2 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry P42684 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P42684\/entry\n- NCBI Gene record 27.0 (NCBI \/ NLM): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/27.0\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313720173,"sku":"R32426","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_fb10294d-3713-43c2-99e7-25babf892d2e.jpg?v=1775785742"},{"product_id":"acap2-antibody-bha17106842","title":"ACAP2 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eACAP2 Antibody is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003eACAP2\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, IHC, ELISA (peptide). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids EKLNRFQQDSQKF were used as the immunogen for this ACAP2 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat, Dog, Pig. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This ACAP2 antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACAP2\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\"\u003eUniProtKB\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunohistochemistry (IHC):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare tissue- and cell-type–specific expression patterns in situ.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.3-1ug\/ml,Immunohistochemistry (FFPE): 5-10ug\/ml,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:32000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ACAP2 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: Centaurin beta 2, CENTB2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids EKLNRFQQDSQKF were used as the immunogen for this ACAP2 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313785709,"sku":"R33834-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_c7aad561-179c-4d90-b890-4adff6ff6cf6.jpg?v=1775785909"},{"product_id":"aconitase-2-antibody-aco2-bha17105777","title":"Aconitase 2 Antibody \/ ACO2","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAconitase 2 Antibody \/ ACO2 is a research-use-only Rabbit polyclonal (rabbit origin) Rabbit IgG directed against \u003cstrong\u003eAconitase 2 \/ ACO2\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB. Reported localization context: Cytoplasmic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids TSQRLQLLEPFDKWDGKDLEDLQILIKVKGKCTTDH from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the Aconitase 2 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLocalization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cytoplasmic. Subcellular compartment context can help guide expectations in imaging assays and informs fractionation-based comparisons in lysate workflows.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB. These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAconitase 2 \/ ACO2\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q99798\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB Q99798\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5-1ug\/ml\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the Aconitase 2 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Aconitase 2, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACO2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the aconitase\/IPM isomerase family. It is an enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate in the second step of the TCA cycle. This protein is encoded in the nucleus and functions in the mitochondrion. It was found to be one of the mitochondrial matrix proteins that are preferentially degraded by the serine protease 15 (PRSS15), also known as Lon protease, after oxidative modification.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids TSQRLQLLEPFDKWDGKDLEDLQILIKVKGKCTTDH from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the Aconitase 2 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry Q99798 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q99798\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313818477,"sku":"R32458","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_bd868734-0237-4b50-a9b7-68e344a332f6.jpg?v=1775785749"},{"product_id":"acat1-antibody-bha17106525","title":"ACAT1 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eACAT1 Antibody is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003eACAT1\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, IF, ELISA (peptide). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids DEEYKRVDFSKVPK were used as the immunogen for this ACAT1 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat, Cow, Dog. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IF, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This ACAT1 antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACAT1\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\"\u003eUniProtKB\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunofluorescence (IF):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare subcellular localization patterns and redistribution across stimuli or phenotypes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.1-0.3ug\/ml,Immunofluorescence: suitable,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:2000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ACAT1 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: Acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids DEEYKRVDFSKVPK were used as the immunogen for this ACAT1 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313851245,"sku":"R33414-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_56d1dc2a-1a18-4baa-97b3-44e46cb31cb3.jpg?v=1775785870"},{"product_id":"accn1-antibody-asic2-bha17105832","title":"ACCN1 Antibody \/ ASIC2","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eACCN1 Antibody \/ ASIC2 is a research-use-only Rabbit polyclonal (rabbit origin) Rabbit IgG directed against \u003cstrong\u003eACCN1 \/ ASIC2\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB. Reported localization context: Cytoplasmic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids 112-147 (ELLALLDVNLQIPDPHLADPSVLEALRQKANFKHYK from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ACCN1 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLocalization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cytoplasmic. Subcellular compartment context can help guide expectations in imaging assays and informs fractionation-based comparisons in lysate workflows.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB. These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACCN1 \/ ASIC2\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q16515\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB Q16515\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5-1ug\/ml\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Differences in protocols and secondary\/substrate sensitivity may require the ACCN1 antibody to be titrated for optimal performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Amiloride-sensitive cation channel 1, neuronal, also known as ASIC2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACCN1 gene. This gene encodes a member of the degenerin\/epithelial sodium channel (DEG\/ENaC) superfamily. The members of this family are amiloride-sensitive sodium channels that contain intracellular N and C termini, 2 hydrophobic transmembrane regions, and a large extracellular loop, which has many cysteine residues with conserved spacing. The member encoded by this gene may play a role in neurotransmission. In addition, a heteromeric association between this member and acid-sensing (proton-gated) ion channel 3 has been observed to co-assemble into proton-gated channels sensitive to gadolinium. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and two variants, encoding distinct isoforms, have been identified.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids 112-147 (ELLALLDVNLQIPDPHLADPSVLEALRQKANFKHYK from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ACCN1 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry Q16515 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q16515\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313884013,"sku":"R32514","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_f8b14106-2d26-442b-b297-2d620aff0fb0.jpg?v=1775785760"},{"product_id":"acsl5-antibody-bha17106098","title":"ACSL5 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eACSL5 Antibody is a research-use-only Rabbit polyclonal (rabbit origin) Rabbit IgG directed against \u003cstrong\u003eACSL5\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, FACS. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids 337-378 (ADDMKTLKPTLFPAVPRLLNRIYDKVQNEAKTPLKKFLLKLA) from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ACSL5 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, FACS. These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This ACSL5 antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACSL5\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q9ULC5\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB Q9ULC5\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFACS:\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5-1ug\/ml,Flow cytometry: 1-3ug\/million cells\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ACSL5 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACSL5 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of the long-chain fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase family. Although differing in substrate specificity, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution, all isozymes of this family convert free long-chain fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoA esters, and thereby play a key role in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. This isozyme is highly expressed in uterus and spleen, and in trace amounts in normal brain, but has markedly increased levels in malignant gliomas. This gene functions in mediating fatty acid-induced glioma cell growth. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids 337-378 (ADDMKTLKPTLFPAVPRLLNRIYDKVQNEAKTPLKKFLLKLA) from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ACSL5 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry Q9ULC5 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q9ULC5\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313916781,"sku":"R32803","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_476b550e-80f5-46bf-b5c1-9f630a49b74b.jpg?v=1775785808"},{"product_id":"acsl1-antibody-bha17105811","title":"ACSL1 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eACSL1 Antibody is a research-use-only Rabbit polyclonal (rabbit origin) Rabbit IgG directed against \u003cstrong\u003eACSL1\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, IHC. Reported localization context: Cytoplasmic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids D604-V698 from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ACSL1 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLocalization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cytoplasmic. Subcellular compartment context can help guide expectations in imaging assays and informs fractionation-based comparisons in lysate workflows.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC. These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACSL1\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P33121\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB P33121\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunohistochemistry (IHC):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare tissue- and cell-type–specific expression patterns in situ.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5-1ug\/ml,IHC (FFPE): 1-2ug\/ml\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Differences in protocols and secondary\/substrate sensitivity may require the ACSL1 antibody to be titrated for optimal performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Long-chain-fatty-acid—CoA ligase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACSL1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of the long-chain fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase family. Although differing in substrate specificity, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution, all isozymes of this family convert free long-chain fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoA esters, and thereby play a key role in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. This specific protein is most commonly found in mitochondria and peroxisomes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids D604-V698 from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ACSL1 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry P33121 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P33121\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313949549,"sku":"R32493","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_fdc0406d-49b0-4a41-b51d-d57d2f4f741e.jpg?v=1775785758"},{"product_id":"acadvl-antibody-vlcad-bha17105809","title":"ACADVL Antibody \/ VLCAD","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eACADVL Antibody \/ VLCAD is a research-use-only Rabbit polyclonal (rabbit origin) Rabbit IgG directed against \u003cstrong\u003eACADVL \/ VLCAD\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, IHC, IF, IP, FACS. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids 538-576 (RALEQFATVVEAKLIKHKKGIVNEQFLLQRLADGAIDLY) from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ACADVL antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC, IF, IP, FACS. These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This ACADVL antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACADVL \/ VLCAD\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P49748\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB P49748\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunohistochemistry (IHC):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare tissue- and cell-type–specific expression patterns in situ.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunofluorescence (IF):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare subcellular localization patterns and redistribution across stimuli or phenotypes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunoprecipitation (IP):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare enrichment of the target for downstream analysis or complex interrogation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFACS:\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5-1ug\/ml,Immunohistochemistry (FFPE): 2-5ug\/ml,Immunofluorescence: 5ug\/ml,Flow cytometry: 1-3ug\/million cells,Immunoprecipitation: 2ug antibody\/500ug lysate\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Differences in protocols and secondary\/substrate sensitivity may require the ACADVL antibody to be titrated for optimal performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Very long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (VLCAD) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACADVL gene. The protein encoded by this gene is targeted to the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it catalyzes the first step of the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway. This acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenaseis specific to long-chain and very-long-chain fatty acids. A deficiency in this gene product reduces myocardial fatty acid beta-oxidation and is associated with cardiomyopathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids 538-576 (RALEQFATVVEAKLIKHKKGIVNEQFLLQRLADGAIDLY) from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ACADVL antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry P49748 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P49748\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210313982317,"sku":"R32491","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_9b71ffda-cd12-424e-9be8-c76ab8e3d29d.jpg?v=1775785758"},{"product_id":"acsl4-antibody-bha17107236","title":"ACSL4 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eACSL4 Antibody is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003eACSL4\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, IHC, IF, ELISA (peptide). Reported localization context: Cytoplasmic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids HYLKDIERMYGGK were used as the immunogen for this ACSL4 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat, Dog, Pig, Cow. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLocalization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cytoplasmic. Subcellular compartment context can help guide expectations in imaging assays and informs fractionation-based comparisons in lysate workflows.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC, IF, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACSL4\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\"\u003eUniProtKB\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunohistochemistry (IHC):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare tissue- and cell-type–specific expression patterns in situ.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunofluorescence (IF):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare subcellular localization patterns and redistribution across stimuli or phenotypes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.1-0.3ug\/ml,Immunohistochemistry (FFPE): 3.75ug\/ml,Immunofluorescence (FFPE): 10ug\/ml,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:128000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ACSL4 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. This ACSL4 antibody is specific for isoforms 1 and 2.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4, FACL4, Fatty-acid-Coenzyme A ligase, long-chain 4\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids HYLKDIERMYGGK were used as the immunogen for this ACSL4 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210314015085,"sku":"R34328-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_ee7dc19a-5a80-4e40-a601-49e47d17d448.jpg?v=1775785951"},{"product_id":"actl7b-antibody-bha17106529","title":"Actl7b Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eActl7b Antibody is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003eActl7b\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, ELISA (peptide). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids DELHVDYELPDGK were used as the immunogen for this Actl7b antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mouse, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This Actl7b antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eActl7b\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\"\u003eUniProtKB\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5-1.5ug\/ml,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:32000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the Actl7b antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. This Actl7b antibody does not react with Actl7a.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: Actin-like 7B\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids DELHVDYELPDGK were used as the immunogen for this Actl7b antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210314047853,"sku":"R33419-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_9ade61e2-20d1-497d-b667-724de75151d7.jpg?v=1775785873"},{"product_id":"actn3-antibody-bha17105812","title":"ACTN3 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eACTN3 Antibody is a research-use-only Rabbit polyclonal (rabbit origin) Rabbit IgG directed against \u003cstrong\u003eACTN3\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, IHC, FACS, IF. Reported localization context: Cytoplasmic, extracellular.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids 574-617 (EADRERGAIMGIQGEIQKICQTYGLRPCSTNPYITLSPQDINTK) from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ACTN3 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLocalization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cytoplasmic, extracellular. Subcellular compartment context can help guide expectations in imaging assays and informs fractionation-based comparisons in lysate workflows.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC, FACS, IF. These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACTN3\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q08043\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB Q08043\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunohistochemistry (IHC):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare tissue- and cell-type–specific expression patterns in situ.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFACS:\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunofluorescence (IF):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare subcellular localization patterns and redistribution across stimuli or phenotypes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5-1ug\/ml,Immunohistochemistry (FFPE): 1-2ug\/ml,Flow cytometry: 1-3ug\/million cells,Immunofluorescence: 5ug\/ml\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Differences in protocols and secondary\/substrate sensitivity may require the ACTN3 antibody to be titrated for optimal performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Alpha-actinin-3, also known as alpha-actinin skeletal muscle isoform 3 or F-actin cross-linking protein, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTN3 gene. This gene encodes a member of the alpha-actin binding protein gene family. The encoded protein is primarily expressed in skeletal muscle and functions as a structural component of sarcomeric Z line. This protein is involved in crosslinking actin containing thin filaments. An allelic polymorphism in this gene results in both coding and non-coding variants; the reference genome represents the coding allele. The non-functional allele of this gene is associated with elite athlete status.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids 574-617 (EADRERGAIMGIQGEIQKICQTYGLRPCSTNPYITLSPQDINTK) from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ACTN3 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry Q08043 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q08043\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210314080621,"sku":"R32494","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_2dd64244-dcf2-40fc-8a28-50299e3486af.jpg?v=1775785758"},{"product_id":"actn4-antibody-alpha-actinin-4-bha17105778","title":"ACTN4 Antibody \/ Alpha Actinin 4","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eACTN4 Antibody \/ Alpha Actinin 4 is a research-use-only Rabbit polyclonal (rabbit origin) Rabbit IgG directed against \u003cstrong\u003eACTN4 \/ Alpha Actinin 4\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, IHC, IF, FACS. Reported localization context: Cytoplasmic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids E561-V661 from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ACTN4 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Mouse, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLocalization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cytoplasmic. Subcellular compartment context can help guide expectations in imaging assays and informs fractionation-based comparisons in lysate workflows.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC, IF, FACS. These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACTN4 \/ Alpha Actinin 4\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/O43707\/entry\"\u003eUniProtKB O43707\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunohistochemistry (IHC):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare tissue- and cell-type–specific expression patterns in situ.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunofluorescence (IF):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare subcellular localization patterns and redistribution across stimuli or phenotypes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFACS:\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.5-1ug\/ml,Immunohistochemistry (FFPE): 2-5ug\/ml,Immunofluorescence: 5ug\/ml,Flow cytometry: 1-3ug\/million cells\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ACTN4 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Alpha-actinin-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTN4 gene. Alpha actinins belong to the spectrin gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of cytoskeletal proteins, including the alpha and beta spectrins and dystrophins. Alpha actinin is an actin-binding protein with multiple roles in different cell types. In nonmuscle cells, the cytoskeletal isoform is found along microfilament bundles and adherens-type junctions, where it is involved in binding actin to the membrane. In contrast, skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle isoforms are localized to the Z-disc and analogous dense bodies, where they help anchor the myofibrillar actin filaments. This ACTN4 gene encodes a nonmuscle, alpha actinin isoform which is concentrated in the cytoplasm, and thought to be involved in metastatic processes. Mutations in this gene have been associated with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids E561-V661 from the human protein were used as the immunogen for the ACTN4 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry O43707 (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/O43707\/entry\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210314113389,"sku":"R32459","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_b829e1df-1af7-4635-90b1-8dd66149017c.jpg?v=1775785750"},{"product_id":"acpp-antibody-pap-prostatic-acid-phosphatase-bha17107618","title":"ACPP Antibody \/ PAP \/ Prostatic acid phosphatase","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eACPP Antibody \/ PAP \/ Prostatic acid phosphatase is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003eACPP \/ PAP \/ Prostatic acid phosphatase\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, IHC, ELISA (peptide). Reported localization context: Cytoplasmic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids NHMKRATQIPSYKK were used as the immunogen for this ACPP antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLocalization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cytoplasmic. Subcellular compartment context can help guide expectations in imaging assays and informs fractionation-based comparisons in lysate workflows.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACPP \/ PAP \/ Prostatic acid phosphatase\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\"\u003eUniProtKB\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunohistochemistry (IHC):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare tissue- and cell-type–specific expression patterns in situ.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.01-0.03ug\/ml,Immunohistochemistry (FFPE): 3-5ug\/ml,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:32000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ACPP antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: Prostatic acid phosphatase, PAP, prostate acid phosphatase\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids NHMKRATQIPSYKK were used as the immunogen for this ACPP antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210314146157,"sku":"R34819-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_52f5a1e6-033d-436f-940c-57a644506e1b.jpg?v=1775785993"},{"product_id":"acox2-antibody-bha17107180","title":"ACOX2 Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eACOX2 Antibody is a research-use-only Goat polyclonal (goat origin) Goat Ig directed against \u003cstrong\u003eACOX2\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for interpretation-focused detection and comparative profiling in WB, ELISA (peptide). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget context:\u003c\/strong\u003e This antibody is raised against \u003cem\u003eAmino acids HQSRLRPSDPEAK were used as the immunogen for this ACOX2 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Epitope context matters because isoforms, processing, and post-translational modifications can change what is accessible in a given assay.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antigen affinity purified. Format influences background and compatibility with different detection chemistries; conjugated formats (when present) can simplify multiplexing and reduce reliance on secondary reagents.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Cow, Mouse, Rat. Cross-species performance can vary with sequence divergence and epitope conservation, so interpretation should be anchored with appropriate biological controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, ELISA (peptide). These indicate assay contexts where the antibody is commonly applied; actual performance depends on sample type and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations:\u003c\/strong\u003e This ACOX2 antibody is available for research use only.. Consider these constraints when selecting controls and when comparing results across sample matrices.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003ePolyclonal reagents can differ in how they recognize epitope features. Monoclonal antibodies often provide more consistent epitope targeting across lots, while polyclonal preparations may broaden recognition across related epitope variants. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACOX2\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to the gene\/protein target stated in the product record. Protein targets can exhibit context-dependent expression, regulated turnover, isoform diversity, and post-translational modifications that affect apparent molecular weight and epitope accessibility. For curated functional annotation, sequence features, and expression context, consult \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\"\u003eUniProtKB\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\"\u003eEnsembl\u003c\/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\"\u003eHuman Protein Atlas\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating antibody-based detection with single-cell and spatial atlasing efforts to connect RNA programs with protein-level abundance and localization in defined cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExpanding multiplexed imaging and high-content screening, where reagent specificity, cross-reactivity risk, and channel design (including direct conjugates) become central to interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrowing emphasis on reproducibility and application-specific validation frameworks (e.g., genetic perturbation controls, orthogonal measurements, and independent antibody strategies) when drawing mechanistic conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used to compare relative abundance\/size (e.g., band intensity or mobility shifts) between conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA (peptide):\u003c\/strong\u003e commonly used for qualitative\/quantitative detection where compatible with the assay context.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically focuses on relative differences (presence\/absence, fold-changes, compartment shifts, or population-level shifts) rather than absolute quantitation. When signal changes are observed, they may reflect altered expression, altered localization\/trafficking, changes in modification state, or differences in sample composition; orthogonal readouts and appropriate controls help distinguish these possibilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication details (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot: 0.1-0.3ug\/ml,ELISA (peptide) LOD: 1:32000\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication notes (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Optimal dilution of the ACOX2 antibody should be determined by the researcher.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct description (record-specific):\u003c\/strong\u003e Additional name(s) for this target protein: Acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotential confounders:\u003c\/strong\u003e isoforms, proteolytic processing, and PTMs can change epitope presentation and apparent size; fixation\/denaturation state can also expose or mask epitopes. Species differences near the epitope may affect cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e include genetic perturbation (KO\/KD) or overexpression comparisons, orthogonal measurement (e.g., transcript or proteomics), and independent antibody\/epitope strategies. For conjugated reagents, include staining-only\/background controls appropriate to the detection chemistry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eImmunogen\/epitope context is described as: \u003cem\u003eAmino acids HQSRLRPSDPEAK were used as the immunogen for this ACOX2 antibody.\u003c\/em\u003e. Monoclonal and polyclonal formats differ in epitope breadth; this can influence sensitivity to sequence variants, isoforms, or PTM-dependent recognition.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProt Consortium): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n- Ensembl genome browser (EMBL-EBI \/ Wellcome Sanger): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/\n- The Human Protein Atlas (KTH \/ SciLifeLab): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/\n- A proposal for validation of antibodies (Uhlén et al., Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995.pdf\n- Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents (Bradbury \u0026 Plückthun, PEDS, 2015): https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/peds\/article\/28\/10\/303\/1478378\n- Standardize antibodies used in research (Bradbury, Plückthun et al., Nature, 2015): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/518027a.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5 mg\/ml in 1X TBS, pH7.3, with 0.5% BSA (US sourced) and 0.02% sodium azide \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53210314178925,"sku":"R34261-100UG","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_29886bc9-6d5b-4356-8860-9247770cfa41.jpg?v=1775785945"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/collections\/wb-specificity-validation.oembed?page=34","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}