{"product_id":"agitoxin-2-cys-tamra-bhp21300102","title":"Agitoxin-2-Cys-TAMRA","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAgitoxin-2-Cys-TAMRA\u003c\/strong\u003e is a research-grade protein\/peptide reagent used in research settings. It is commonly applied as a tool reagent related to \u003cstrong\u003eKV1.3 K+ channels\u003c\/strong\u003e biology and\/or assay development. It is supplied in Lyophilized format to support flexible downstream use in RUO workflows. Researchers commonly pair it with applications such as Electrophysiology, Fluorescence staining.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e MW: 4673 Da, Formula: C202H316N58O51S9.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource \/ origin:\u003c\/strong\u003e Leiurus hebraeus (Hebrew deathstalker scorpion) (Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eQuality attributes:\u003c\/strong\u003e Bioassay tested: Yes; Sterile \/ endotoxin-free: No.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eModifications\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisulfide bonds between: Cys8-Cys28, Cys14-Cys33, and Cys18-Cys35 Asp20 mutated to a Cys residue (indicated in bold) which was reacted with 5(6)-TAMRA-C5-maleimide.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen used as a biochemical or pharmacological tool, results are best interpreted relative to the experimental system (species, expression level, and assay readout) and with appropriate negative and competition-style controls where relevant. This product is intended for research use only.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eNative Agitoxin-2 was originally isolated from the venom of the Israeli scorpion L. quinquestriatus hebraeus.1 Agitoxin-2 inhibits the native KV1.3-like current in cultured microglia and KV1.3 in MLS-9 cells.2 Agitoxin-2 is a potent blocker of the Shaker voltage-gated K+-channels as well as the mammalian homologues of Shaker.1A few recombinant, mutated and labeled toxins have been described in the literature, including the KCa1.1 specific blocker Iberiotoxin (#STI-400) and the KV1 blocker Hongotoxin (#RTH-400).3-4A similar approach was taken by Alomone Labs in producing Agitoxin-2-Cys-TAMRA. A fluorescent dye is attached to a free Cys residue, which replaces Asp in position 20 of the 38 amino acid long peptide. This novel toxin retains the blocking activity of the original toxin and specifically labels living cells expressing KV1.3 channels.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eUsing high-specificity ligands, toxins, and engineered peptides to dissect closely related receptor\/channel subtypes and signaling microdomains.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePairing labeled (e.g., fluorescent) proteins\/peptides with advanced imaging to map surface expression, trafficking, and nanoscale organization.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreasing emphasis on reproducibility through standardized characterization (identity, purity, and lot QC) and transparent reporting of reagent attributes.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eElectrophysiology: commonly used to compare signal, binding, or functional readouts across conditions without implying a specific protocol.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFluorescence staining: commonly used to compare signal, binding, or functional readouts across conditions without implying a specific protocol.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcross these use cases, changes in signal or functional readout are generally interpreted as evidence of differences in target abundance, accessibility, or engagement, but alternative explanations (matrix effects, off-target interactions, or assay artifacts) should be considered.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAssay context matters: binding assays, functional modulation, and detection workflows can yield different readouts even for the same target system.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTarget complexity: closely related family members, splice variants, and post-translational modifications can influence apparent specificity and potency.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMatrix and sample effects: buffer composition, detergents, and biological matrices may alter stability or apparent activity; interpret with appropriate controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eControl concepts: include negative controls and orthogonal validation (e.g., genetic perturbation or alternative reagents) to support robust interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB) — UniProt Consortium — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/ - NCBI Gene — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/ - NCBI Protein — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/protein\/ - PubChem — NIH\/NLM\/NCBI — https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/ - IUPHAR\/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — IUPHAR\/BPS — https:\/\/www.guidetopharmacology.org\/ - RCSB Protein Data Bank (PDB) — RCSB PDB — https:\/\/www.rcsb.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NIH\/NLM — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"Alomone Labs","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53073011278189,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/RTA-420-T_gr_743.gif?v=1772699877","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/agitoxin-2-cys-tamra-bhp21300102","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}