{"product_id":"anti-aconitase-2-antibody-picoband-monoclonal-4c12d1-bha21004441","title":"Anti-Aconitase 2 Antibody Picoband® (monoclonal, 4C12D1)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnti-Aconitase 2 Antibody Picoband® (monoclonal, 4C12D1) is an antibody reagent for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eACO2\u003c\/strong\u003e (high mobility group box 3). Researchers commonly use anti-ACO2 antibodies to measure relative expression and localization across biological samples, with assay selection guided by the listed applications (WB, IHC, Flow, ELISA).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBoster Bio Anti-Aconitase 2 Antibody Picoband® (monoclonal, 4C12D1) catalog # M03096-3. Tested in IHC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget:\u003c\/strong\u003e ACO2 — High mobility group protein B3 (high mobility group box 3). Alternative names: chromosomal protein, Nonhistone, HMG4 antibody|High mobility group (nonhistone chromosomal) protein 4 antibody|High mobility group box 3 antibody|High mobility group protein 2a antibody|High mobility group protein 4 antibody|High mobility group protein B3 antibody| High mobility group protein HMG4 antibody|HMG 4 antibody|HMG-2a antibody|HMG-4 antibody|HMG2A antibody|HMGB 3 antibody|HMGB3 antibody| HMGB3_HUMAN antibody|MGC90319 antibody|Non histone chromosomal protein antibody|Nonhistone chromosomal protein HMG4 antibody\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Monoclonal; clone 4C12D1; Mouse IgG1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Host: Mouse, Reactivity: Human,Mouse,Rat\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurification:\u003c\/strong\u003e Immunogen affinity purified.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen:\u003c\/strong\u003e A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence at the C-terminus of human Aconitase 2, identical to the related mouse and rat sequences.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e observed 85 kDa (reported)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProvided application(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC, Flow, ELISA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese attributes help contextualize how the antibody is commonly selected (host\/clonality\/isotype\/label) and how signals are interpreted across sample types and assay formats.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunction:\u003c\/strong\u003e Multifunctional protein with various roles in different cellular compartments,May act in a redox sensitive manner.Associates with chromatin and binds DNA with a preference to non- canonical DNA structures such as single-stranded DNA. Can bent DNA and enhance DNA flexibility by looping thus providing a mechanism to promote activities on various gene promoters (By similarity).Proposed to be involved in the innate immune response to nucleic acids by acting as a cytoplasmic promiscuous immunogenic DNA\/RNA sensor (By similarity).Negatively regulates B-cell and myeloid cell differentiation.In hematopoietic stem cells may regulate the balance between self-renewal and differentiation. Involved in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling (By similarity).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCellular localization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Nucleus . Chromosome . Cytoplasm .\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTissue details:\u003c\/strong\u003e Expressed predominantly in placenta.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground:\u003c\/strong\u003e Aconitase 2, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACO2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the aconitase\/IPM isomerase family. It is an enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate in the second step of the TCA cycle. This protein is encoded in the nucleus and functions in the mitochondrion. It was found to be one of the mitochondrial matrix proteins that are preferentially degraded by the serine protease 15(PRSS15), also known as Lon protease, after oxidative modification.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCross reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eQuantitative and spatial profiling: expression patterns are increasingly studied across cell states using multiplex imaging and omics-informed validation.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIsoforms and post-translational modifications: researchers often evaluate how isoform composition and PTMs can shift apparent molecular weight or localization.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eContext-aware interpretation: comparative studies commonly include perturbations (stimulation, inhibition, genetic models) to relate target changes to pathway behavior.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e compare relative target abundance and apparent size shifts (e.g., isoforms\/PTMs) across conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunohistochemistry (IHC):\u003c\/strong\u003e assess distribution across tissue compartments and compare staining patterns between groups.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFlow cytometry:\u003c\/strong\u003e quantify target-positive populations and compare shifts after stimulation or differentiation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross these uses, researchers typically interpret changes in signal as relative differences between matched sample groups, considering sample preparation and biological context.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eApparent molecular weight can vary due to isoforms, proteolysis, glycosylation, phosphorylation, and sample preparation differences.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSpecies reactivity and epitope conservation can influence observed signal patterns, especially in cross-species studies.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eControl concepts: include appropriate negative controls (e.g., isotype controls where relevant) and, when feasible, genetic or orthogonal controls (KO\/KD, peptide competition, or independent assays) to support interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor antibody reagents, monoclonal antibodies are often chosen for epitope consistency across lots, while polyclonals may recognize multiple epitopes and can show different background characteristics depending on context.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for ACO2 (Q99798) — UniProt Consortium — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q99798 - Ensembl gene summary for ACO2 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org - HGNC gene symbol report for ACO2 — HGNC — https:\/\/www.genenames.org - Antibody validation concepts (general) — NIH\/NCBI resources — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53068598215021,"sku":"M03096-3","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53068821463405,"sku":"M03096-3-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53068821496173,"sku":"M03096-3-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53068821528941,"sku":"M03096-3-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53068821561709,"sku":"M03096-3-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53068821594477,"sku":"M03096-3-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53068821627245,"sku":"M03096-3-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53068821660013,"sku":"M03096-3-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53068821692781,"sku":"M03096-3-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53068821725549,"sku":"M03096-3-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53068821758317,"sku":"M03096-3-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53068821791085,"sku":"M03096-3-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/m03096-3-aco2-primary-antibodies-wb-testing-1.jpg?v=1772611313","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/anti-aconitase-2-antibody-picoband-monoclonal-4c12d1-bha21004441","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}