{"product_id":"anti-ape1-apex1-antibody-picoband-bha21000035","title":"Anti-APE1\/APEX1 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis antibody is intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eAPEX1 (DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase)\u003c\/strong\u003e in biological samples using common immunoassay formats. It is typically selected based on target identity, species reactivity, clonality\/clone information, and detection modality.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVendor notes:\u003c\/em\u003e Boster Bio Anti-APE1\/APEX1 Antibody Picoband® catalog # PB9128. Tested in Flow Cytometry, IF, IHC, ICC, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human, Mouse, Rat. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit Polyclonal Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen \/ epitope context:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human APE1 recombinant protein (Position: P2-L318). Human APE1 shares 94% and 93% amino acid (aa) sequences identity with mouse and rat APE1, respectively. (reported region: P2-L318).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e reported MW: 39 kDa; calculated MW: 35555 MW\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human,Mouse,Rat\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e Flow Cytometry, IF, IHC, ICC, WB\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a polyclonal antibody, the reagent recognizes multiple epitopes on the target, which can improve detection robustness but may increase sensitivity to sample-dependent epitope changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eDNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase; DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase. APEX1, also called apurinic endonuclease (APE), is a DNA repair enzyme having apurinic\/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease, 3-prime, 5-prime-exonuclease, DNA 3-prime repair diesterase, and DNA 3-prime-phosphatase activities. The human APEX1 gene consists of 5 exons spanning 2.64 kb and exists as a single copy in the haploid genome. Using in situ hybridization, the APEX1 gene is mapped to 14q11.2-q12. The predicted APEX1 protein, which contained probable nuclear transport signals, was identified as a member of a family of DNA repair enzymes found in lower organisms. The abundance of the large form of APEX1 was increased in leiomyoma extracts relative to myometrial tissue extracts, and the large form was dominant in cell lines derived from leiomyosarcomas. The exonuclease activity of nuclear APEX1 can remove the anti-HIV nucleoside analogs AZT and D4T from the 3-prime terminus of a nick more efficiently than can cytosolic exonucleases. Functional note: Multifunctional protein that plays a central role in the cellular response to oxidative stress. The two major activities of APEX1 in DNA repair and redox regulation of transcriptional factors. Functions as a apurinic\/apyrimidinic (AP) endodeoxyribonuclease in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway of DNA lesions induced by oxidative and alkylating agents. Initiates repair of AP sites in DNA by catalyzing hydrolytic incision of the phosphodiester backbone immediately adjacent to the damage, generating a single-strand break with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends. Does also incise at AP sites in the DNA strand of DNA\/RNA hybrids, single-stranded DNA regions of R-loop structures, and single-stranded RNA molecules. Has a 3'-5' exoribonuclease activity on mismatched deoxyribonucleotides at the 3' termini of nicked or gapped DNA molecules during short-patch BER. Possesses a DNA 3' phosphodiesterase activity capable of removing lesions (such as phosphoglycolate) blocking the 3' side of DNA strand breaks. May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression by participating in DNA demethylation. Acts as a loading factor for POLB onto non-incised AP sites in DNA and stimulates the 5'-terminal deoxyribose 5'- phosphate (dRp) excision activity of POLB. Plays a role in the protection from granzymes-mediated cellular repair leading to cell death. Also involved in the DNA cleavage step of class switch recombination (CSR). On the other hand, APEX1 also exerts reversible nuclear redox activity to regulate DNA binding affinity and transcriptional activity of transcriptional factors by controlling the redox status of their DNA-binding domain, such as the FOS\/JUN AP-1 complex after exposure to IR. Involved in calcium-dependent down-regulation of parathyroid hormone (PTH) expression by binding to negative calcium response elements (nCaREs). Together with HNRNPL or the dimer XRCC5\/XRCC6, associates with nCaRE, acting as an activator of transcriptional repression. Stimulates the YBX1-mediated MDR1 promoter activity, when acetylated at Lys-6 and Lys-7, leading to drug resistance. Acts also as an endoribonuclease involved in the control of single-stranded RNA metabolism. Plays a role in regulating MYC mRNA turnover by preferentially cleaving in between UA and CA dinucleotides of the MYC coding region determinant (CRD). In association with NMD1, plays a role in the rRNA quality control process during cell cycle progression. Associates, together with YBX1, on the MDR1 promoter. Together with NPM1, associates with rRNA. Binds DNA and RNA. . Reported localization: Nucleus. Nucleus, nucleolus. Nucleus speckle. Endoplasmic reticulum. Cytoplasm. Detected in the cytoplasm of B-cells stimulated to switch (By similarity). Colocalized with SIRT1 in the nucleus. Colocalized with YBX1 in nuclear speckles after genotoxic stress. Together with OGG1 is recruited to nuclear speckles in UVA-irradiated cells. Colocalized with nucleolin and NPM1 in the nucleolus. Its nucleolar localization is cell cycle dependent and requires active rRNA transcription. Colocalized with calreticulin in the endoplasmic reticulum. Translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is stimulated in presence of nitric oxide (NO) and function in a CRM1-dependent manner, possibly as a consequence of demasking a nuclear export signal (amino acid position 64-80). S-nitrosylation at Cys-93 and Cys-310 regulates its nuclear-cytosolic shuttling. Ubiquitinated form is localized predominantly in the cytoplasm. . Expression\/tissue context: Ubiquitously expressed, with highest levels in lung, kidney, heart, gastrointestinal system and prostate. Isoform Testis-specific is expressed in spermatocytes and adult testis. .\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eEpigenetics and Nuclear Signaling: Researchers commonly examine how APEX1 (DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCardiovascular: Researchers commonly examine how APEX1 (DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2339: Researchers commonly examine how APEX1 (DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase) relates to this theme using model systems and orthogonal readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWestern blotting: compare relative APEX1 (DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase) levels across conditions; band patterns may reflect isoforms and processing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIHC\/IHC-F: assess spatial distribution of APEX1 (DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase) across tissue regions and cell types using matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIF\/ICC: evaluate subcellular localization and co-localization patterns; signal can depend on fixation\/permeabilization and epitope accessibility.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlow cytometry: quantify target-positive populations and shifts in expression; gating strategy and background staining controls are essential.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFamily \/ similarity context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Belongs to the DNA repair enzymes AP\/ExoA family.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e Apparent size and signal patterns can differ across splice isoforms, proteolytic processing, and post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Include an isotype control (as relevant), no-primary control for imaging, and orthogonal validation such as KD\/KO samples when available.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for P27695: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P27695\/entry - PubMed search (APEX1): https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=APEX1 - NCBI Gene search (APEX1): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=APEX1 - Antibody validation concepts (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/research-training\/rigor-reproducibility --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53066815471981,"sku":"PB9128","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53066895098221,"sku":"PB9128-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53066895130989,"sku":"PB9128-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53066895163757,"sku":"PB9128-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53066895196525,"sku":"PB9128-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53066895229293,"sku":"PB9128-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53066895262061,"sku":"PB9128-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53066895294829,"sku":"PB9128-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53066895327597,"sku":"PB9128-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53066895360365,"sku":"PB9128-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53066895393133,"sku":"PB9128-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53066895425901,"sku":"PB9128-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/pb9128-apex1-primary-antibodies-wb-testing-1.jpg?v=1772608099","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/anti-ape1-apex1-antibody-picoband-bha21000035","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}