{"product_id":"anti-cd28-antibody-picoband-bha21004228","title":"Anti-CD28 Antibody Picoband®","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnti-CD28 Antibody Picoband® is an antibody reagent for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eCD28\u003c\/strong\u003e (haptoglobin). Researchers commonly use anti-CD28 antibodies to measure relative expression and localization across biological samples, with assay selection guided by the listed applications (WB, IHC, Flow, ELISA).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBoster Bio Anti-CD28 Antibody Picoband® catalog # A00065-3. Tested in ELISA, Flow Cytometry, WB applications. This antibody reacts with Human. The brand Picoband indicates this is a premium antibody that guarantees superior quality, high affinity, and strong signals with minimal background in Western blot applications. Only our best-performing antibodies are designated as Picoband, ensuring unmatched performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget:\u003c\/strong\u003e CD28 — Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (haptoglobin). Alternative names: Haptoglobin; Zonulin; HP\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Polyclonal; Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies context:\u003c\/strong\u003e Host: Rabbit, Reactivity: Human\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurification:\u003c\/strong\u003e Immunogen affinity purified.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli-derived human CD28 recombinant protein (Position: Q15-D214).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight context:\u003c\/strong\u003e observed 60 kDa, calculated 25283 MW (reported)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProvided application(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, IHC, Flow, ELISA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese attributes help contextualize how the antibody is commonly selected (host\/clonality\/isotype\/label) and how signals are interpreted across sample types and assay formats.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunction:\u003c\/strong\u003e As a result of hemolysis, hemoglobin is found to accumulate in the kidney and is secreted in the urine. Haptoglobin captures, and combines with free plasma hemoglobin to allow hepatic recycling of heme iron and to prevent kidney damage. Haptoglobin also acts as an Antimicrobial; Antioxidant, has antibacterial activity and plays a role in modulating many aspects of the acute phase response. Hemoglobin\/haptoglobin complexes are rapidely cleared by the macrophage CD163 scavenger receptor expressed on the surface of liver Kupfer cells through an endocytic lysosomal degradation pathway. Uncleaved haptoglogin, also known as zonulin, plays a role in intestinal permeability, allowing intercellular tight junction disassembly, and controlling the equilibrium between tolerance and immunity to non-self antigens.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCellular localization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Secreted.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTissue details:\u003c\/strong\u003e Expressed by the liver and secreted in plasma.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground:\u003c\/strong\u003e The protein encoded by this gene is essential for T-cell proliferation and survival, cytokine production, and T-helper type-2 development. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCross reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e No cross-reactivity with other proteins.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eQuantitative and spatial profiling: expression patterns are increasingly studied across cell states using multiplex imaging and omics-informed validation.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eIsoforms and post-translational modifications: researchers often evaluate how isoform composition and PTMs can shift apparent molecular weight or localization.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eContext-aware interpretation: comparative studies commonly include perturbations (stimulation, inhibition, genetic models) to relate target changes to pathway behavior.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blot (WB):\u003c\/strong\u003e compare relative target abundance and apparent size shifts (e.g., isoforms\/PTMs) across conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunohistochemistry (IHC):\u003c\/strong\u003e assess distribution across tissue compartments and compare staining patterns between groups.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFlow cytometry:\u003c\/strong\u003e quantify target-positive populations and compare shifts after stimulation or differentiation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross these uses, researchers typically interpret changes in signal as relative differences between matched sample groups, considering sample preparation and biological context.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eApparent molecular weight can vary due to isoforms, proteolysis, glycosylation, phosphorylation, and sample preparation differences.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSpecies reactivity and epitope conservation can influence observed signal patterns, especially in cross-species studies.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eControl concepts: include appropriate negative controls (e.g., isotype controls where relevant) and, when feasible, genetic or orthogonal controls (KO\/KD, peptide competition, or independent assays) to support interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor antibody reagents, monoclonal antibodies are often chosen for epitope consistency across lots, while polyclonals may recognize multiple epitopes and can show different background characteristics depending on context.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt entry for CD28 (P10747) — UniProt Consortium — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P10747 - Ensembl gene summary for CD28 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org - HGNC gene symbol report for CD28 — HGNC — https:\/\/www.genenames.org - Antibody validation concepts (general) — NIH\/NCBI resources — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --\u003e","brand":"Boster Bio","offers":[{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Unconjugated","offer_id":53068591923565,"sku":"A00065-3","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Biotin","offer_id":53068722569581,"sku":"A00065-3-Biotin","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Cy3","offer_id":53068722602349,"sku":"A00065-3-Cy3","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro488","offer_id":53068722635117,"sku":"A00065-3-Fluoro488","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro550","offer_id":53068722667885,"sku":"A00065-3-Fluoro550","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro594","offer_id":53068722700653,"sku":"A00065-3-Fluoro594","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ FITC","offer_id":53068722733421,"sku":"A00065-3-FITC","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ HRP","offer_id":53068722766189,"sku":"A00065-3-HRP","price":570.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ APC","offer_id":53068722798957,"sku":"A00065-3-APC","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ PE","offer_id":53068722831725,"sku":"A00065-3-PE","price":820.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Fluoro647","offer_id":53068722864493,"sku":"A00065-3-Fluoro647","price":670.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug\/vial \/ Carrier Free","offer_id":53068722897261,"sku":"A00065-3-carrier-free","price":370.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/a00065-3-cd28-primary-antibodies-wb-testing-1.jpg?v=1772611224","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/anti-cd28-antibody-picoband-bha21004228","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}