{"product_id":"anti-gpr4-extracellular-antibody-bha21300451","title":"Anti-GPR4 (extracellular) Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnti-GPR4 (extracellular) Antibody is an antibody targeting Acid-sensing G-protein coupled receptor 4, GPR19 Polyclonal raised in Rabbit (Unconjugated). This antibody is commonly used in IFC, IHC, LCI, WB to detect, localize, or compare expression of the target across samples.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget:\u003c\/strong\u003e Acid-sensing G-protein coupled receptor 4, GPR19 (also reported as Acid-sensing G-protein coupled receptor 4, GPR19).\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen\/epitope region:\u003c\/strong\u003e 2nd extracellular loop.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHomology note:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rat, mouse, human - 15\/16 amino acid residues identical (informative for cross-species interpretation).\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity (as provided):\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Rat, Mouse.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLot quality control (as provided):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot analysis.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePeptide confirmation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Confirmed by amino acid analysis and mass spectrometry.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBlocking peptide:\u003c\/strong\u003e Available for antigen preadsorption control where appropriate.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eConjugate\/format:\u003c\/strong\u003e Unconjugated (may affect detection channel and background).\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese attributes help researchers interpret whether signal reflects the intended target in a given assay and sample context.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eG-protein coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) belongs to a protein family comprised of 3 related G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs): GPR4, OGR1\/GPR68 and TDAG8\/GPR65. Like all GPCRs, GPR4's structure is composed of seven-transmembrane-spanning domains linked by an N-terminal extracellular domain and a C-terminal intracellular domain2.GPR4 responds to pH changes and is activated by a physiological increase in extracellular H+ through several signaling pathways including- the G12\/13-protein\/Rho, the Gq\/PLC, and the Gs-protein\/cAMP pathway1,2. It is fully activated at pH levels of 6.8 and lower and is inactive at pH levels of 7.5 and higher3,4.Recent studies show that the pH-sensing GPCRs also have the ability to regulate cancer cell metastasis and proliferation, immune cell function, inflammation, blood vessel formation, endothelial barrier function thus making them an important therapeutic target for different diseases.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eComparing target expression across perturbations, genotypes, or treatment conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eInterpreting localization shifts alongside pathway or phenotypic readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eUsing orthogonal controls (KO\/KD, peptide competition, isotype concepts) to support conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e  \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eWestern blot (WB): compare target abundance\/size across lysates and conditions; consider isoforms\/PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eImmunohistochemistry (IHC): examine spatial distribution in tissue and relate signal to cell-type composition.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eImmunofluorescence\/ICC: assess subcellular localization and co-localization with markers in cells or sections.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eFlow cytometry (direct\/indirect): quantify target-positive populations and shifts in expression across subsets.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eLive cell imaging (LCI): support extracellular-epitope detection on non-permeabilized cells when appropriate.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically benefits from comparing matched sample sets (e.g., treated vs control, WT vs KO\/KD) and using orthogonal readouts where feasible.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIsoforms and post-translational modifications can shift apparent molecular weight or epitope accessibility across samples.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eCross-species signal may depend on epitope conservation; consult the provided homology note when selecting models.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003ePermeabilization, fixation, and antigen retrieval can change accessibility of intracellular vs extracellular epitopes.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eConceptual control: antigen preadsorption (blocking peptide) can help assess signal dependence on the immunogen region.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eProvided control suggestions: Negative control: BLP-GR041.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eApplication notes: see product-specific dilution\/usage notes and control concepts provided in the dataset.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication abbreviations:\u003c\/strong\u003e CBE- Cell-based ELISA, FC- Flow cytometry, ICC- Immunocytochemistry, IE- Indirect ELISA, IF- Immunofluorescence, IFC- Indirect flow cytometry, IHC- Immunohistochemistry, IP- Immunoprecipitation, LCI- Live cell imaging, N- Neutralization, WB- Western blot. \u003cstrong\u003eSpecies abbreviations:\u003c\/strong\u003e H- Human, M- Mouse, R- Rat.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended controls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Blocking peptide: BLP-GR041; Negative control: BLP-GR041.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - Alomone Labs product page scientific background (as provided in this catalog row) - UniProt Knowledgebase (target-level reference) - NCBI Gene (target-level reference) - General antibody validation principles (KO\/KD, peptide competition, isotype control concepts) --\u003e","brand":"Alomone Labs","offers":[{"title":"0.2 ml (Carrier Free) \/ 1","offer_id":53064829600109,"sku":"AGR-041-CF-0P2ML-1","price":994.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.2 ml \/ 1","offer_id":53064901722477,"sku":"AGR-041-0P2ML-1","price":795.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 mcl \/ 1","offer_id":53064901755245,"sku":"AGR-041-25MCL-1","price":597.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 mcl \/ 1","offer_id":53064901788013,"sku":"AGR-041-50MCL-1","price":697.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/AGR-041_ept_286cea7a-9122-4f3d-8ce1-840c0ac0d581.gif?v=1772460984","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/anti-gpr4-extracellular-antibody-bha21300451","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}