{"product_id":"anti-human-gpr43-ffar2-extracellular-antibody-bha21300342","title":"Anti-Human GPR43\/FFAR2 (extracellular) Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnti-Human GPR43\/FFAR2 (extracellular) Antibody is an antibody targeting G-protein coupled receptor 43, Free fatty acid receptor 2 Polyclonal raised in Rabbit (Unconjugated). This antibody is commonly used in IFC, LCI, WB to detect, localize, or compare expression of the target across samples.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget:\u003c\/strong\u003e G-protein coupled receptor 43, Free fatty acid receptor 2 (also reported as G-protein coupled receptor 43, Free fatty acid receptor 2).\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen\/epitope region:\u003c\/strong\u003e 2nd extracellular loop.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHomology note:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human only (informative for cross-species interpretation).\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity (as provided):\u003c\/strong\u003e Human.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecificity statement (as provided):\u003c\/strong\u003e Not recommended for mouse or rat samples..\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLot quality control (as provided):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot analysis.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePeptide confirmation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Confirmed by amino acid analysis and mass spectrometry.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBlocking peptide:\u003c\/strong\u003e Available for antigen preadsorption control where appropriate.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese attributes help researchers interpret whether signal reflects the intended target in a given assay and sample context.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFree fatty acids (FFAs) are essential nutrients that are also involved in signal transduction through FFA receptors, members of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily.FFAR2\/GPR43 is an FFA receptor that is activated specifically by short fatty acids (acetate, propionate and butyrate), that are the products of bacterial fermentation in the gut1.GPR43 is expressed in adipose tissue, intestines, and immune tissues2 and its stimulation by interaction with short fatty acids inhibits cAMP production, activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade via interactions with the Gi\/o family of G-proteins. This increases intracellular Ca2+ levels, and promotes activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade through interactions with the Gq family of G-proteins1.These processes, mediated by GPR43 receptor regulate the host energy homeostasis and hence GPR43 is shown to be related to metabolic disorders, such as obesity and diabetes1.Because of its pivotal role in energy homeostasis and in regulating many cellular processes, GPR43 has many phenotypic effects: mutant mice are hyper susceptible to developing intestinal carcinogenesis3, Klebsiella pneumoniae infection4 and to increased differentiation of bone marrow cells into osteoclasts5. Studies have shown the role of GPR43 in regulating inflammatory responses, which can lead to colitis and asthma6,7.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eComparing target expression across perturbations, genotypes, or treatment conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eInterpreting localization shifts alongside pathway or phenotypic readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eUsing orthogonal controls (KO\/KD, peptide competition, isotype concepts) to support conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e  \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eWestern blot (WB): compare target abundance\/size across lysates and conditions; consider isoforms\/PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eImmunofluorescence\/ICC: assess subcellular localization and co-localization with markers in cells or sections.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eFlow cytometry (direct\/indirect): quantify target-positive populations and shifts in expression across subsets.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eLive cell imaging (LCI): support extracellular-epitope detection on non-permeabilized cells when appropriate.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically benefits from comparing matched sample sets (e.g., treated vs control, WT vs KO\/KD) and using orthogonal readouts where feasible.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIsoforms and post-translational modifications can shift apparent molecular weight or epitope accessibility across samples.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eCross-species signal may depend on epitope conservation; consult the provided homology note when selecting models.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003ePermeabilization, fixation, and antigen retrieval can change accessibility of intracellular vs extracellular epitopes.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eConceptual control: antigen preadsorption (blocking peptide) can help assess signal dependence on the immunogen region.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eProvided control suggestions: Negative control: BLP-FR015.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eApplication notes: see product-specific dilution\/usage notes and control concepts provided in the dataset.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication abbreviations:\u003c\/strong\u003e CBE- Cell-based ELISA, FC- Flow cytometry, ICC- Immunocytochemistry, IE- Indirect ELISA, IF- Immunofluorescence, IFC- Indirect flow cytometry, IHC- Immunohistochemistry, IP- Immunoprecipitation, LCI- Live cell imaging, N- Neutralization, WB- Western blot. \u003cstrong\u003eSpecies abbreviations:\u003c\/strong\u003e H- Human, M- Mouse, R- Rat.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended controls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Blocking peptide: BLP-FR015; Negative control: BLP-FR015.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - Alomone Labs product page scientific background (as provided in this catalog row) - UniProt Knowledgebase (target-level reference) - NCBI Gene (target-level reference) - General antibody validation principles (KO\/KD, peptide competition, isotype control concepts) --\u003e","brand":"Alomone Labs","offers":[{"title":"0.2 ml (Carrier Free) \/ 1","offer_id":53064826519917,"sku":"AFR-015-CF-0P2ML-1","price":994.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.2 ml \/ 1","offer_id":53064891007341,"sku":"AFR-015-0P2ML-1","price":795.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 mcl \/ 1","offer_id":53064891040109,"sku":"AFR-015-25MCL-1","price":597.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 mcl \/ 1","offer_id":53064891072877,"sku":"AFR-015-50MCL-1","price":697.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/AFR-015_ept-1.gif?v=1772460969","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/anti-human-gpr43-ffar2-extracellular-antibody-bha21300342","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}