{"product_id":"anti-par4-f2rl3-extracellular-antibody-bha21301118","title":"Anti-PAR4 (F2RL3) (extracellular) Antibody","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnti-PAR4 (F2RL3) (extracellular) Antibody is an antibody targeting Protease-activated receptor-4, PAR-4, Coagulation factor II receptor-like 3, Thrombin receptor-like 3 Polyclonal raised in Rabbit (Unconjugated). This antibody is commonly used in IC, IF, IFC, IHC, LCI, WB to detect, localize, or compare expression of the target across samples.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget:\u003c\/strong\u003e Protease-activated receptor-4, PAR-4, Coagulation factor II receptor-like 3, Thrombin receptor-like 3 (also reported as Protease-activated receptor-4, PAR-4, Coagulation factor II receptor-like 3, Thrombin receptor-like 3).\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen\/epitope region:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1st extracellular loop.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHomology note:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rat, mouse - identical (informative for cross-species interpretation).\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity (as provided):\u003c\/strong\u003e Human, Rat, Mouse.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eKO-validated:\u003c\/strong\u003e yes (validation context may be assay-dependent).\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCited use:\u003c\/strong\u003e IHC (literature use does not guarantee performance in every setup).\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLot quality control (as provided):\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot analysis.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePeptide confirmation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Confirmed by amino acid analysis and mass spectrometry.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese attributes help researchers interpret whether signal reflects the intended target in a given assay and sample context.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtease-activated receptor 4 (PAR-4) belongs to a family of four G protein-coupled receptors (PAR1-4) that are activated as a result of proteolytic cleavage by certain serine proteases, hence their name. In this novel modality of activation, a specific protease cleaves the PAR receptor within a defined sequence in its extracellular N-terminal domain. This results in the creation of a new N-terminal tethered ligand, which subsequently binds to a site in the second extracellular loop of the same receptor.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eComparing target expression across perturbations, genotypes, or treatment conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eInterpreting localization shifts alongside pathway or phenotypic readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eUsing orthogonal controls (KO\/KD, peptide competition, isotype concepts) to support conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e  \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eWestern blot (WB): compare target abundance\/size across lysates and conditions; consider isoforms\/PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eImmunohistochemistry (IHC): examine spatial distribution in tissue and relate signal to cell-type composition.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eImmunofluorescence\/ICC: assess subcellular localization and co-localization with markers in cells or sections.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eFlow cytometry (direct\/indirect): quantify target-positive populations and shifts in expression across subsets.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eLive cell imaging (LCI): support extracellular-epitope detection on non-permeabilized cells when appropriate.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically benefits from comparing matched sample sets (e.g., treated vs control, WT vs KO\/KD) and using orthogonal readouts where feasible.\u003c\/p\u003e  \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e   \u003cli\u003eIsoforms and post-translational modifications can shift apparent molecular weight or epitope accessibility across samples.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eCross-species signal may depend on epitope conservation; consult the provided homology note when selecting models.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003ePermeabilization, fixation, and antigen retrieval can change accessibility of intracellular vs extracellular epitopes.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eConceptual control: antigen preadsorption (blocking peptide) can help assess signal dependence on the immunogen region.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eConceptual control: KO\/KD samples provide orthogonal support for target assignment when available.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eProvided control suggestions: Negative control: BLP-PR034.\u003c\/li\u003e   \u003cli\u003eApplication notes: see product-specific dilution\/usage notes and control concepts provided in the dataset.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication abbreviations:\u003c\/strong\u003e CBE- Cell-based ELISA, FC- Flow cytometry, ICC- Immunocytochemistry, IE- Indirect ELISA, IF- Immunofluorescence, IFC- Indirect flow cytometry, IHC- Immunohistochemistry, IP- Immunoprecipitation, LCI- Live cell imaging, N- Neutralization, WB- Western blot. \u003cstrong\u003eSpecies abbreviations:\u003c\/strong\u003e H- Human, M- Mouse, R- Rat.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecommended controls:\u003c\/strong\u003e Blocking peptide: BLP-PR034; Negative control: BLP-PR034.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - Alomone Labs product page scientific background (as provided in this catalog row) - UniProt Knowledgebase (target-level reference) - NCBI Gene (target-level reference) - General antibody validation principles (KO\/KD, peptide competition, isotype control concepts) --\u003e","brand":"Alomone Labs","offers":[{"title":"0.2 ml (Carrier Free) \/ 1","offer_id":53064852537709,"sku":"APR-034-CF-0P2ML-1","price":994.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.2 ml \/ 1","offer_id":53064965751149,"sku":"APR-034-0P2ML-1","price":795.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 mcl \/ 1","offer_id":53064965783917,"sku":"APR-034-25MCL-1","price":597.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 mcl \/ 1","offer_id":53064965816685,"sku":"APR-034-50MCL-1","price":697.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/APR-034_ept_5021a059-351d-4ff4-a06e-089b030a0710.gif?v=1772461073","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/anti-par4-f2rl3-extracellular-antibody-bha21301118","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}