{"product_id":"cd28-pe-cyanine7-bha19901643","title":"CD28 PE-Cyanine7","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eCD28 PE-Cyanine7 is a Mouse monoclonal targeting CD28, supplied as a PE-Cyanine7 format for FC workflows. It supports measurement of Human target expression in common experimental systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eClone:\u003c\/strong\u003e CBI.261 — consistent clone identity can support panel reproducibility and cross-study comparisons.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsotype:\u003c\/strong\u003e IgG1, k — informs selection of matched controls and secondary reagents when relevant.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eConjugate:\u003c\/strong\u003e PE-Cyanine7 — enables direct detection in fluorescence-based assays. Excitation is typically matched to Yellow (561nm) lasers in cytometer configurations.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHost species:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mouse — useful for panel design and control strategy planning.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human — interpret staining in the context of species-specific sequence and expression differences.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey specifications such as clone identity, isotype, and fluorophore conjugation help researchers align panel design, control selection, and instrument configuration with the biological question and sample type.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eCBI.261, a recombinant monoclonal antibody selectively recognizes a 44 kDa type I cell surface glycoprotein known as CD28. It is expressed by all T cells and acts as a co-stimulatory receptor in support of the T cell receptor (TCR). CD28 exists as a homodimer with specificity for two known ligands, B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86), which are primarily expressed by the activated B cells as well as other antigen-presenting cells. CD28-CD28 ligands signaling induces TCR functional activation resulting T cell proliferation, production of higher levels of IL-2 and enhancing T cell cytotoxicity.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh-parameter immunophenotyping: combining CD28 with complementary lineage and activation markers to resolve complex cell states.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePanel standardization and data comparability: increasing emphasis on consistent reagents, compensation-aware fluorophore choices, and shared gating strategies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegration with single-cell multi-omics: pairing surface marker profiling with transcriptomic or proteomic readouts to connect phenotype to function.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlow cytometry: quantify CD28-positive populations and compare expression distributions across conditions or time points.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell sorting: enrich CD28-defined subsets for downstream RNA\/protein assays or functional readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eChanges in measured signal are typically interpreted in the context of cell subset frequency, activation\/differentiation state, and sample processing effects rather than as a standalone readout.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFluorophore selection: consider brightness, spectral overlap, and instrument configuration; compensation and spillover can affect apparent population boundaries.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiology-driven confounders: activation state, differentiation, and isoform\/PTM variation can shift epitope accessibility and apparent expression.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eControl concepts: include matched isotype and fluorescence-minus-one (FMO) controls where appropriate, and interpret results alongside biological positive\/negative reference samples.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor antibody-based assays, monoclonal versus polyclonal format can influence epitope recognition breadth and signal consistency. Conjugated antibodies support direct detection and can simplify multicolor panel design when paired with appropriate controls and instrument settings.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt Knowledgebase — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/ - NCBI Gene — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/ - HGNC gene nomenclature — HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee — https:\/\/www.genenames.org\/ - Flow cytometry basics — NIH\/NCI (overview resources) — https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/research\/resources - High-dimensional cytometry overview — Nature Methods (journal) — https:\/\/www.nature.com\/nmeth\/ --\u003e","brand":"Caprico","offers":[{"title":"50 Tests","offer_id":53072804610413,"sku":"4361082","price":325.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 Tests","offer_id":53072888529261,"sku":"4361085","price":495.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/caprico_logo_22f942a8-116b-4fbc-ab62-e9378bb5f066.png?v=1772634998","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/cd28-pe-cyanine7-bha19901643","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}