{"product_id":"ctss-antibody-cathepsin-s-bha17136010","title":"CTSS Antibody \/ Cathepsin S","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eCTSS Antibody \/ Cathepsin S is a anti-CTSS Rabbit antibody Polyclonal (rabbit origin) supplied in Lyophilized format. Recommended for workflows such as Western blot (WB), Flow cytometry (FACS) with listed reactivity in Human.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget:\u003c\/strong\u003e CTSS\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody details:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit, Polyclonal (rabbit origin), isotype Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilized\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications (as listed):\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, FACS\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eCTSS antibody detects Cathepsin S, a lysosomal cysteine protease that degrades extracellular matrix and participates in antigen processing. The UniProt recommended name is Cathepsin S (CTSS). This proteolytic enzyme plays a central role in endosomal protein degradation and MHC class II-mediated antigen presentation, particularly within antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFunctionally, CTSS antibody identifies a 331-amino-acid protein synthesized as an inactive proenzyme that undergoes autocatalytic cleavage to form an active mature enzyme in acidic endosomes. Cathepsin S hydrolyzes invariant chain peptides to allow loading of antigenic peptides onto MHC class II molecules, supporting adaptive immune responses. It also contributes to extracellular matrix remodeling during inflammation and immune cell migration.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe CTSS gene is located on chromosome 1q21.3 and is highly expressed in lymphoid tissues and mononuclear phagocytes. Cathepsin S activity is regulated by cystatin protease inhibitors and by pH-dependent activation within the lysosomal environment. Its stability at neutral pH distinguishes it from other cathepsins, enabling extracellular activity during inflammation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePathologically, excessive CTSS activity has been associated with autoimmune diseases, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Inhibiting CTSS reduces antigen presentation and inflammatory damage, making it a therapeutic target for chronic inflammatory disorders. Research using CTSS antibody supports studies in immunology, inflammation, and protease biology.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCTSS antibody is validated for western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and enzymatic assays to detect Cathepsin S in immune tissues and cultured cells. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStructurally, Cathepsin S belongs to the papain family of cysteine proteases and contains a catalytic dyad of cysteine and histidine within its active site. This antibody facilitates detection and quantification of CTSS in studies of antigen processing, protease regulation, and immune signaling.\u003c\/div\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting protein-level changes to phenotype using orthogonal readouts (genetic perturbation, transcriptomics, imaging).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsidering isoforms and post-translational regulation when interpreting protein-level changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComparing results across species and model systems with matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blotting:\u003c\/strong\u003e compare relative abundance and activation-state changes across conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFlow cytometry:\u003c\/strong\u003e quantify target-positive populations and signal shifts at single-cell resolution.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpret changes in signal alongside appropriate controls and, when relevant, in parallel with total-protein or pathway readouts.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSignal can reflect expression level, isoform composition, and post-translational state; interpret results in the context of your model system and stimuli.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecies differences and sample matrices can influence epitope recognition; prioritize matched controls and orthogonal confirmation when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e Polyclonal antibodies recognize multiple epitopes, which can broaden the epitope footprint and may increase sensitivity in some contexts.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt search — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb?query=CTSS - NCBI Gene search — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=CTSS - Ensembl search — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=CTSS - Human Protein Atlas search — HPA — https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/search\/CTSS - PubMed (review) — NLM — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=CTSS+review --\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"Adding 0.2 ml of distilled water will yield a concentration of 500 ug\/ml \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53047313334637,"sku":"FY13108","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_1bad78c3-bb32-497d-a44e-13c393adb883.jpg?v=1782237100","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/ctss-antibody-cathepsin-s-bha17136010","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}