{"product_id":"flaer-mfluor450-bhp19900005","title":"Flaer mFluor450","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis product is a FLAER-based probe commonly used in flow cytometry to assess the presence of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors on the surface of mammalian cells. Because many cell-surface proteins are displayed via GPI anchoring, FLAER is widely used to distinguish GPI-positive from GPI-deficient populations in mixed samples, including applications related to paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget concept:\u003c\/strong\u003e FLAER (fluorescently labeled aerolysin) is derived from an inactive proaerolysin variant that binds the GPI anchor moiety present on many mammalian cell-surface proteins, enabling detection of GPI anchor expression by flow cytometry.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntigen \/ binding context:\u003c\/strong\u003e The probe recognizes the GPI anchor itself rather than a single GPI-linked protein (such as CD55 or CD59), which can help provide confirmatory information when studying GPI-deficient cell subsets.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eConjugate \/ label:\u003c\/strong\u003e mFluor450 conjugation supports direct fluorescence readout in flow cytometry panels, helping streamline multiparameter analysis and enabling channel selection based on the fluorophore used.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications:\u003c\/strong\u003e Listed for FC; commonly used as a probe in flow cytometry workflows to assess GPI anchor expression status.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Reported reactivity is Mammalian GPI Protein; confirm performance in your specific sample type and panel design.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearchers typically interpret FLAER staining as a readout of “GPI anchor presence” on the cell surface. As with any membrane-associated marker, signal levels can vary with cell type, activation state, and sample handling, so panel design and appropriate controls are important for robust interpretation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGPI anchors are glycolipids that tether diverse proteins to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. GPI-anchored proteins participate in cell–cell interactions, complement regulation, enzymatic processes, and signaling microdomains (often discussed in the context of lipid rafts). The cellular pathway that assembles and remodels GPI anchors involves many enzymes and trafficking steps, and disruption of this pathway can alter the surface display of multiple proteins at once.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder most commonly associated with acquired mutations affecting GPI-anchor biosynthesis (classically involving \u003cem\u003ePIGA\u003c\/em\u003e). This results in blood cell populations that lack GPI-anchored complement regulators (commonly referenced examples include CD55 and CD59), contributing to complement-mediated hemolysis and a prothrombotic phenotype. Flow cytometry is the standard approach to identify and monitor GPI-deficient clones, and FLAER-based panels are widely used in that context.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHigher-resolution clone detection:\u003c\/strong\u003e Multiparameter flow cytometry panels combining FLAER with lineage markers and additional GPI-linked proteins are commonly used to improve discrimination of small GPI-deficient populations and to support longitudinal monitoring.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMechanistic studies of GPI anchoring:\u003c\/strong\u003e Interest in the genetics and lipid remodeling steps of GPI-anchor biosynthesis has increased, including studies that perturb specific enzymes to understand how anchor structure affects surface expression and immune recognition.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eInterpretation and standardization:\u003c\/strong\u003e Community guidelines and method comparisons continue to refine gating strategies and control concepts for PNH-related testing, highlighting the importance of robust lineage definition and awareness of marker variability across clinical contexts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePNH-related workflows:\u003c\/strong\u003e Distinguish GPI-positive vs GPI-deficient leukocyte subsets (e.g., granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes) using FLAER within multiparameter flow cytometry panels.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGPI-anchor biology:\u003c\/strong\u003e Compare the impact of genetic perturbations, differentiation state, or pharmacologic treatments on the surface display of GPI-anchored proteins in cultured cells.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePanel development:\u003c\/strong\u003e Use FLAER alongside antibodies to specific GPI-linked proteins (e.g., CD55\/CD59) as complementary readouts when interpreting partial loss, lineage differences, or epitope-dependent variability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe supplied product description emphasizes that FLAER binds GPI-anchored proteins on the cell surface in healthy samples and can fail to bind GPI-deficient cells in PNH, which is the conceptual basis for clone identification by flow cytometry. In practice, researchers often interpret “FLAER-negative” events as candidate GPI-deficient populations, then evaluate consistency across lineages and markers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies and sample context:\u003c\/strong\u003e FLAER is commonly used with mammalian cells; differences in GPI-anchor composition and surface density across cell types can influence signal distributions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMarker and lineage considerations:\u003c\/strong\u003e When the goal is to identify rare GPI-deficient subsets, lineage definition (e.g., myeloid vs lymphoid gates) and inclusion of additional markers can help reduce ambiguity in interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e Consider control samples expected to be GPI-positive, and when studying perturbations, compare to matched untreated or wild-type controls to support interpretation of shifts in FLAER signal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- Evaluation of Fluorescently Labeled Aerolysin (FLAER) as a reagent for PNH flow cytometry — American Journal of Clinical Pathology (OUP) — https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajcp\/article\/145\/3\/407\/1766873\n- Guidelines for the diagnosis and monitoring of PNH by flow cytometry (consensus guideline) — International Clinical Cytometry Society — https:\/\/www.cytometry.org\/web\/q_view.php?filter=General\u0026id=536\n- Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of PNH and related disorders by flow cytometry — Cytometry Part B (Wiley) — https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/epdf\/10.1002\/cyto.b.20525\n- Diagnosis and management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria — Blood (ASH Publications) — https:\/\/ashpublications.org\/blood\/article\/106\/12\/3699\/109767\/Diagnosis-and-management-of-paroxysmal-nocturnal\n- Biosynthesis of GPI-anchored proteins: emphasis on GPI lipid remodeling — Journal of Lipid Research — https:\/\/www.jlr.org\/article\/S0022-2275%2820%2931397-3\/fulltext\n- Diagnosing PNH with FLAER and multiparameter flow cytometry — Cytometry Part B (Wiley) — https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/epdf\/10.1002\/cyto.b.20151\n- FLAER as a standalone reagent for PNH (discussion of interpretation considerations) — International Journal of Laboratory Hematology (PDF) — https:\/\/cytometryindia.org\/media\/uploads\/Int%20J%20Lab%20Hematology%20-%202023%20-%20Sharma%20-%20FLAER%20as%20a%20standalone%20reagent%20for%20paroxysmal%20nocturnal%20hemoglobinuria%20%20Do%20we%20need%20to.pdf\n--\u003e","brand":"Caprico","offers":[{"title":"50 Tests","offer_id":53207287824749,"sku":"4105143","price":314.15,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 Tests","offer_id":53319474086253,"sku":"4105141","price":499.55,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/tu3_b95ed80e-4c84-43f1-b516-3e3aeea93bc0.jpg?v=1782155815","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/flaer-mfluor450-bhp19900005","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}