{"product_id":"glutathione-s-transferase-a4-antibody-gsta4-bha17111017","title":"Glutathione S-transferase A4 Antibody \/ Gsta4","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlutathione S-transferase A4 Antibody \/ Gsta4 is a research-use primary antibody intended for detection of \u003cstrong\u003eGSTA4\u003c\/strong\u003e in experimental workflows. It is supplied in \u003cstrong\u003ePurified\u003c\/strong\u003e format. Key antibody attributes include Rabbit, Polyclonal (rabbit origin), isotype Rabbit IgG. Applications listed for this product include WB, Direct ELISA. Species reactivity (as provided): Mouse, Rat.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget:\u003c\/strong\u003e GSTA4 (Glutathione S-transferase A4) — selectivity and interpretation should be considered in the context of isoforms, post-translational modifications, and related family members when applicable.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Purified — format can influence background, multiplexing compatibility, and downstream detection strategies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit, Polyclonal (rabbit origin), isotype Rabbit IgG — these attributes help align secondary reagents and controls (e.g., isotype-matched controls) with your assay design.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProduct notes (from provided description):\u003c\/strong\u003e Glutathione S-transferase A4, also known as GSTA4, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the GSTA4 gene. Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. These enzymes function in the detoxification of electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins and products of oxidative stress, by conjugation with glutathione. The genes encoding these enzymes are known to be highly polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins as well as affect the toxicity and efficacy of some drugs. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-transferase belonging to the alpha class. The alpha class genes, located in a cluster mapped to chromosome 6, are the most abundantly expressed glutathione S-transferases in liver (hepatocytes) and kidney (proximal tubules). In addition to metabolizing bilirubin and certain anti-cancer drugs in the liver, the alpha class of these enzymes exhibit glutathione peroxidase activity, thereby protecting the cells from reactive oxygen species and the products of peroxidation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhere multiple assay formats are possible, align the antibody format, host\/isotype, and listed applications with your detection system and controls to support clear interpretation of signal.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this catalog, GSTA4 is positioned within \u003cstrong\u003eCytoskeleton \u0026amp; Motility, Renal \u0026amp; Urology, Cancer, Kidney disease\u003c\/strong\u003e research contexts. For authoritative gene\/protein nomenclature, domains\/isoforms, and curated functional annotations, consult resources such as UniProt, NCBI Gene, and Ensembl.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigher-plex and spatially resolved readouts (e.g., multiplex IF\/IHC, spatial omics) are increasing demand for well-characterized primary antibodies with clearly stated host\/isotype and labeling strategies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGenetic perturbation controls (knockout\/knockdown) and orthogonal measurements (e.g., RNA vs protein) are commonly used to strengthen target attribution when interpreting antibody-derived signals.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReproducibility initiatives emphasize transparent reporting of antibody identity (clone, host, isotype) and experimental context to improve cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWB:\u003c\/strong\u003e interpret changes in signal in the context of sample composition, epitope accessibility, and potential isoform\/PTM differences across conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDirect ELISA:\u003c\/strong\u003e interpret changes in signal in the context of sample composition, epitope accessibility, and potential isoform\/PTM differences across conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTypical workflow themes:\u003c\/strong\u003e Western blot validation, ELISA binding assay, Specificity controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWorkflow notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e Validate GSTA4 by Western blot in cell\/tissue lysates (include controls), Measure binding to GSTA4 peptide\/protein by ELISA with dilution series (include blanks), Confirm specificity using KO\/KD or peptide competition…\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen comparing conditions, consistent sample processing and appropriate negative\/positive controls support interpretation of qualitative localization differences and quantitative abundance changes.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIsoforms and post-translational modifications may shift apparent molecular weight or epitope accessibility, especially across cell states or treatments.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecies and tissue context can affect sequence conservation, expression level, and background binding; predicted reactivity should be verified in your sample.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eControl concepts include isotype-matched controls, secondary-only controls (for indirect detection), and genetic\/orthogonal controls (e.g., KO\/KD, independent antibodies, or RNA measurements) when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonoclonal and polyclonal antibodies can differ in epitope recognition breadth and lot-to-lot characteristics; consider clonality and clone information (when provided) alongside your assay requirements. Conjugated formats may simplify detection but can change background and multiplexing behavior compared with unconjugated primaries.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB) — UniProt Consortium — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/ - NCBI Gene — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/ - Ensembl Genome Browser — EMBL-EBI — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/ - The Human Protein Atlas — Human Protein Atlas — https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/ - Antibody validation concepts and controls (general guidance) — NIH \/ community resources — https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/ - MIQE\/experimental reporting \u0026 reproducibility (general) — Scientific community guidelines — https:\/\/www.equator-network.org\/ --\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"0.5mg\/ml if reconstituted with 0.2ml sterile DI water \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53044879556973,"sku":"RQ6382","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_dd7c298a-e480-49c0-ac61-4767be633093.jpg?v=1782236661","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/glutathione-s-transferase-a4-antibody-gsta4-bha17111017","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}