{"product_id":"growth-arrest-and-dna-damage-inducible-alpha-adenovirus-ad-gadd45-bhv21600275","title":"Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha Adenovirus (Ad-GADD45)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAd-GADD45 is a replication-defective recombinant human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) expressing the GADD45 gene under the CMV promoter. The vector backbone has E1 and E3 deleted, rendering it non-replicative and accommodating the transgene cassette.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBackbone:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) with E1 and E3 deleted (dE1\/E3). Replication-incompetent in standard cells; replication-competent helper cells (HEK293) are required for amplification.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePromoter (CMV):\u003c\/strong\u003e a strong, ubiquitous promoter active in most mammalian cell types.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTransgene:\u003c\/strong\u003e GADD45.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTiter \u0026amp; format:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1×10\u003csup\u003e10\u003c\/sup\u003e PFU\/ml in storage buffer (DMEM, 2% BSA, 2.5% glycerol or equivalent), supplied as a 200 µL aliquot.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eCell cycle progression is subject to arrest at G1 and G2 checkpoints in response to DNA damage, presumably to allow time for DNA repair prior to entry into the S and M phases, respectively. The p53 tumor suppressor is required for one such G1 checkpoint, where it functions to upregulate expression of GADD 45 and p21. GADD 45 stimulates DNA excision repair in vitro, inhibits entry of cells into S phase and acts in concert with GADD 153 to induce growth arrest. GADD 153 is also inducible by DNA damage, but its induction has been reported to be independent of p53. GADD 45-like proteins, GADD 45β and GADD 45γ, are induced by environmental stress. A related DNA-damage inducible gene, GADD 34, synergizes with GADD 45 or GADD 153 in suppressing cell growth. PA26, an additional GADD related gene, is a possible target of p53 and it is expressed as three distinct isoforms (PA26-T1, PA26-T2 and PA26-T3). GADD45 responds to environmental stresses by mediating activation of the p38\/JNK pathway via MTK1\/MEKK4 kinase. The DNA damage-induced transcription of GADD-45 is mediated by both p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDecision-relevant for researchers studying Gadd45.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdenovirus-mediated delivery is well-established in primary cells, organoids, and small-animal models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePathway activation studies in cell lines and primary cells.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGain-of-function phenotyping in disease-relevant cell models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRescue experiments paired with shRNA knockdown of the same target.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdenoviral delivery is episomal and non-integrating; expression dilutes with cell division and typically lasts 1–2 weeks in dividing cells (longer in non-dividing cells such as hepatocytes, neurons, and cardiomyocytes).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePre-existing anti-Ad5 neutralizing antibodies are common in human and primate hosts and can reduce in vivo transduction; this is less relevant in inbred laboratory mouse strains.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMOI optimization is essential — over-dosing can cause cytopathic effects; under-dosing yields incomplete transduction. A 3–5× MOI titration in your specific cell or animal model is recommended.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReplication-defective Ad5 vectors are typically handled at BSL-2; consult your institutional biosafety officer for specific transgenes and routes of use.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n  - NCBI Gene: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\n  - UniProt: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n  - Russell WC. Adenoviruses: update on structure and function. J Gen Virol 2009; 90:1–20.\n  - Alba R, Bosch A, Chillon M. Gutless adenovirus: last-generation adenovirus for gene therapy. Gene Ther 2005; 12 Suppl 1:S18–27.\n  - Vendor reference: https:\/\/www.vectorbiolabs.com\/product\/1582-growth-arrest-and-dna-damage-inducible-alpha-adenovirus\/\n--\u003e","brand":"Vector Biolabs","offers":[{"title":"1x10^10 PFU\/ml \/ 200 µL","offer_id":53286497321325,"sku":"1582","price":690.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/growth-arrest-and-dna-damage-inducible-alpha-adenovirus-ad-gadd45-bhv21600275","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}