{"product_id":"human-gdf3-protein-bhp13700187","title":"Human GDF3 Protein","description":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGDF3\u003c\/strong\u003e is supplied as a recombinant protein reagent for \u003cstrong\u003eresearch use only\u003c\/strong\u003e. In RUO settings, recombinant proteins provide defined inputs for biochemical assays, interaction mapping, and assay development where control over protein identity and concentration supports reproducibility.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e C78318; ecat9; GDF 3; GDF-3; GDF3; GDF3_HUMAN; Growth differentiation factor 3; Growth\/differentiation factor 3; KFS3; MCOP7; MCOPCB6; MGC123990; MGC123991; RGD1564178; Vgr 2; Vgr2.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies origin:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGDF-3 (previously called Vgr-2) is a TGF-beta superfamily member belonging to the growth\/differentiation factor family. GDF-3 is expressed in undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells, white adipose tissue and the brain. The 366 amino acid (aa) mouse GDF-3 contains a 22 aa signal sequence, a 230 aa propeptide and a 114 aa mature protein that contains one potential N-glycosylation site. The mature region contains a cysteine-knot structure that is conserved throughout family members. However, it lacks the fourth cysteine which is responsible for the formation of an inter-molecular disulfide bond, so GDF-3 may exist as a non-covalent homodimer. Mature human GDF-3 shares 83%, 83% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat GDF-3. Most of GDF-3 is present as the uncleaved prepro form. The uncleaved and the mature forms both appear to have activity, but that activity may differ. All forms can oppose BMPs. In ES cells, inhibition of BMP2 signaling by GDF-3 maintains pluripotency. GDF-3 also influences early cell fate decisions; for example, deletion of mouse GDF-3 produces defects in the anterior visceral endoderm of the pre-gastrulation embryo. GDF-3 cooperates with GDF-1 in embryogenesis, and the mature protein has nodal-like activity. Although GDF family members signal through BMP receptors (ALK1, 2, 3 and 6), which activate Smads 1, 5 and 8, GDF-3 signaling through ALK4 and ALK7, which activate Smads 2 and 3, has also been reported. In adipocytes, GDF-3 is induced by a high fat diet, promoting adipogenesis and obesity.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEndotoxin: \u0026lt; 1 EU per µg of the protein as determined by the LAL method.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological significance and function\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGDF3\u003c\/strong\u003e is used in RUO research to interrogate molecular mechanisms, interaction networks, and pathway-linked phenotypes in experimental systems. This target is frequently investigated in research themes such as \u003cstrong\u003eMolecular \u0026amp; Cellular Biology\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMolecular characteristics\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular characteristics:\u003c\/strong\u003e Protein domains, oligomeric state, and modification-sensitive surfaces can influence binding behavior and functional readouts in vitro. Where relevant, isoforms and PTMs may alter activity, stability, or interaction specificity.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource species:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 13 kDa\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eProtein length:\u003c\/strong\u003e The recombinant Human GDF 3 consists of 141 amino acids and predicts a molecular mass of 13 kDa\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression region:\u003c\/strong\u003e Amino acid sequence derived from Human GDF 3(Q9NR23) (Ala251-Gly364) was expressed.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u0026gt; 96% as determined by SDS-PAGE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiological activity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Testing in progress\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePost-translational considerations:\u003c\/strong\u003e E. coli expression typically yields a non-glycosylated recombinant form. This is often suitable for many intracellular enzymes and binding studies, while PTM-dependent targets may show differences when glycosylation or specific disulfide-bond patterns are required.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eExpression and purification strategy\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExpression system:\u003c\/strong\u003e E. coli. Expression system selection can influence folding state and PTM profile, which may affect binding or activity for PTM-sensitive targets.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTagging:\u003c\/strong\u003e No tag tags are commonly used to streamline purification and enable capture\/immobilization in interaction assays. Tag presence or removal can influence some binding measurements depending on assay design.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFormulation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilized from 20mM Tris 150mM NaCl PH 8.0. Formulation and buffer composition can influence stability, aggregation propensity, and assay background in downstream biochemical experiments.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResearch interpretation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Recombinant protein reagents enable controlled experiments such as interaction reconstitution, quantitative calibration, and mechanistic perturbation with defined inputs. Interpretation is strengthened by pairing the primary readout with orthogonal markers that report on pathway state, localization, and complex assembly.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Abbkine Scientific Co., Ltd.","offers":[{"title":"5 ug","offer_id":52997745901933,"sku":"PRP1070-5UG","price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20 ug","offer_id":52997745934701,"sku":"PRP1070-20UG","price":189.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":52997745967469,"sku":"PRP1070-100UG","price":569.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":52997746000237,"sku":"PRP1070-1MG","price":2369.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/human-gdf3-protein-bhp13700187","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}