{"product_id":"kynurenic-acid-bhb21300188","title":"Kynurenic acid","description":"\u003ch3\u003eProduct details\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChemical name:\u003c\/strong\u003e 4-oxo-1H-quinoline-2-carboxylic acid.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlso known as:\u003c\/strong\u003e Kynurenate, Quinurenic acid, Transtorine\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCAS number:\u003c\/strong\u003e 492-27-3\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular formula:\u003c\/strong\u003e C10H7NO3.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u0026gt;98%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eConcentration:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1 µM - 2 mM.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eForm:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilized powder.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSolubility:\u003c\/strong\u003e Up to 50mM in DMSO or in equimolar NaOH. Mild warming (37°C-42°C) and agitation may be required.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReconstitution:\u003c\/strong\u003e Up to 50mM in DMSO or in equimolar NaOH. Mild warming (37°C-42°C) and agitation may be required.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eShipping:\u003c\/strong\u003e Shipped at room temperature. Product as supplied can be stored intact at room temperature for several weeks. For longer periods, it should be stored at -20°C.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget:\u003c\/strong\u003e iGluR, α7 nAChR\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eActivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Kynurenic acid antagonizes ionotropic glutamate receptors with IC50 values of 33 µM (GluK2), 130 µM (GluK1). 100 µM - 3mM antagonizes NMDA response in rat spinal cord.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAlternative names:\u003c\/strong\u003e Kynurenate, Quinurenic acid, Transtorine\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eScientific background\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eKynurenic acid (KYNA) is a neuroactive metabolite of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation. It is a competitive and broad spectrum antagonist of glutamate receptors. Additionally, KYNA antagonizes α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and G-protein coupled GPR35 receptor. KYNA is widely used as a pharmacological tool to experimentally eliminate activation of all these receptors in vivo or in vitro1-3.Kynurenine can influence brain function and its levels in the human brain are significantly higher compared to those in other species. Its levels in the brain are normally determined by local neosynthesis from its bioprecursor kynurenine pathway metabolite, since KYNA is not actively transported through the blood-brain barrier.KYNA serves as a substrate for the probenecid-sensitive organic anion transporters OAT1 and OAT3. These proteins are present in brain capillary endothelial cells, thus it is likely that these proteins play an important role in the elimination of KYNA from the brain's extracellular compartment2.KYNA has antioxidant properties and has the ability to eliminate hydroxyl, superoxide anion and other free radicals3.It has been documented that in animal models KYNA may have a positive influence on the number of pathologies in the gastrointestinal tract such as ulcers, colon obstruction and colitis1.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLead time:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1-2 Business Days\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCountry of origin:\u003c\/strong\u003e Israel\/IL\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch3\u003eApplications key\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eApplication key: FC- Flow cytometry, IFC- Indirect flow cytometry, IHC- Immunohistochemistry,LCI- Live cell imaging, Calcium imaging assay,Cell survival assay, Electrophysiology, Neurite outgrowth assay.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBioassay tested:\u003c\/strong\u003e Yes\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Alomone Labs","offers":[{"title":"1 g \/ 1","offer_id":53249709703533,"sku":"K-110-1G-1","price":41.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g \/ 1","offer_id":53311561564525,"sku":"K-110-10G-1","price":202.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 g \/ 1","offer_id":53311561597293,"sku":"K-110-5G-1","price":117.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/K-110_gr.gif?v=1778544433","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/kynurenic-acid-bhb21300188","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}