{"product_id":"lys-bradykinin-bhp21300060","title":"Lys-Bradykinin","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLys-Bradykinin\u003c\/strong\u003e is a research-grade protein\/peptide reagent used in research settings. It is commonly applied as a tool reagent related to \u003cstrong\u003eB2 bradykinin receptor\u003c\/strong\u003e biology and\/or assay development. It is supplied in Lyophilized format to support flexible downstream use in RUO workflows. Researchers commonly pair it with applications such as Calcium imaging assay.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e CAS: 0342-10-9, MW: 1188.38 Da, Formula: C56H85N17O12.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource \/ origin:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic peptide.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eQuality attributes:\u003c\/strong\u003e Purity: ≥98% (HPLC); Bioassay tested: Yes; Sterile \/ endotoxin-free: No.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen used as a biochemical or pharmacological tool, results are best interpreted relative to the experimental system (species, expression level, and assay readout) and with appropriate negative and competition-style controls where relevant. This product is intended for research use only.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eKinins are small peptides rapidly produced following tissue injury that serve as important modulators of inflammation and pain. In the periphery, the actions of kinins include vasodilatation, increased vascular permeability, stimulation of immune cells, and induction of pain. Kinins in the central nervous system (CNS) appear to initiate a similar cascade of events leading to neural tissue damage as well as long lasting disturbances affecting blood-brain barrier function1.Kinins such as Bradykinin (BK), Lys-BK, desArg9-BK, and Lys-desArg9-BK exert their action via two distinct G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR): the B1 Bradykinin receptor (BKRB1) and the B2 Bradykinin receptor (BKRB2)2.Activation of BKRB2 liberates mediators of vascular tone, fibrinolysis, and pain. BKRB2, which mediates most of the physiological effects of kinins, as well as BKRB1, represent potential therapeutic targets for treatment of inflammatory disorders and cardiovascular diseases.Expression of BKRB1 is inducible upon various types of tissue injury and by inflammatory mediators such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cytokines. A low level of expression of BKRB1 in the CNS of rodent and primates was recently demonstrated3. BKRB2 is constitutively and widely expressed throughout the CNS and peripheral nervous system and on various cell types including endothelial cells, nerve fibers, leukocytes, and mast cells3-5.Lys-Bradykinin is an endogenous nonspecific agonist for BKRB1and BKRB2, with some specificity towards the BKRB26. Activation of Bradykinin receptors with Lys-Bradykinin may induce intracellular Ca2+ elevation7. 100 nM Lys-Bradykinin induced Ca2+ transients in rat aortic endothelium cells (RAEC) (see figure here and review in reference #8).\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eUsing high-specificity ligands, toxins, and engineered peptides to dissect closely related receptor\/channel subtypes and signaling microdomains.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePairing labeled (e.g., fluorescent) proteins\/peptides with advanced imaging to map surface expression, trafficking, and nanoscale organization.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreasing emphasis on reproducibility through standardized characterization (identity, purity, and lot QC) and transparent reporting of reagent attributes.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCalcium imaging assay: commonly used to compare signal, binding, or functional readouts across conditions without implying a specific protocol.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcross these use cases, changes in signal or functional readout are generally interpreted as evidence of differences in target abundance, accessibility, or engagement, but alternative explanations (matrix effects, off-target interactions, or assay artifacts) should be considered.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAssay context matters: binding assays, functional modulation, and detection workflows can yield different readouts even for the same target system.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTarget complexity: closely related family members, splice variants, and post-translational modifications can influence apparent specificity and potency.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMatrix and sample effects: buffer composition, detergents, and biological matrices may alter stability or apparent activity; interpret with appropriate controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eControl concepts: include negative controls and orthogonal validation (e.g., genetic perturbation or alternative reagents) to support robust interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB) — UniProt Consortium — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/ - NCBI Gene — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/ - NCBI Protein — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/protein\/ - PubChem — NIH\/NLM\/NCBI — https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/ - IUPHAR\/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — IUPHAR\/BPS — https:\/\/www.guidetopharmacology.org\/ - RCSB Protein Data Bank (PDB) — RCSB PDB — https:\/\/www.rcsb.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NIH\/NLM — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"Alomone Labs","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53073016291693,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/GPK-100_gr_599.gif?v=1772699878","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/lys-bradykinin-bhp21300060","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}