{"product_id":"maurocalcine-bhp21300105","title":"Maurocalcine","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaurocalcine\u003c\/strong\u003e is a research-grade protein\/peptide reagent used in research settings. It is commonly applied as a tool reagent related to \u003cstrong\u003eRyanodine receptors\u003c\/strong\u003e biology and\/or assay development. It is supplied in Lyophilized format to support flexible downstream use in RUO workflows. Researchers commonly pair it with applications such as Calcium imaging assay.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e CAS: 269745-22-4, MW: 3858.6 Da, Formula: C156H270N56O46S6.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource \/ origin:\u003c\/strong\u003e Scorpio maurus palmatus (Israeli golden scorpion).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eQuality attributes:\u003c\/strong\u003e Purity: ≥98% (HPLC); Bioassay tested: Yes; Sterile \/ endotoxin-free: No.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eModifications\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisulfide bonds between: Cys3-Cys17, Cys10-Cys21 and Cys16-Cys32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen used as a biochemical or pharmacological tool, results are best interpreted relative to the experimental system (species, expression level, and assay readout) and with appropriate negative and competition-style controls where relevant. This product is intended for research use only.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaurocalcine (MCa) is a peptidyl toxin originally isolated from the venom of the scorpion Scorpio maurus palmatus.Native MCa is present at a low concentration in the venom (0.5% of total protein). This 33-mer basic peptide contains three disulfide bridges and has 82% sequence homology to Imperatoxin A (IpTxa), a scorpion toxin from the venom of Pandinus imperator. MCa shares the highly basic structural domain identified in peptide A - a segment of the dihydropyridine receptor and IpTxa which is important for interactions with ryanodine receptors. MCa also appears to share the same features as the so-called cell-penetrating peptides which allows the toxin to efficiently penetrate various cell types without expending metabolic energy or using an endocytotic mechanisM1-4In vitro, electrophysiological experiments based on recordings of single channels incorporated into planar lipid bilayers showed that MCa potently and reversibly modifies channel gating behavior of the ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) by inducing prominent subconductance behavior.1,2Similar to IpTxa, MCa-modified channels can reversibly shuttle between subconductance states and fast gating states. The actions of these peptides were also found to be additive with those of ryanodine, resulting in additional sub-states along with the ryanodine-locked half-conducting state. However, the predominant subconductance induced by MCa differs from that of IpTxa. At a holding potential of +40 mV, the predominant substates induced by sMCa and IpTxa are 48 and 28% of the full conductance, respectively, suggesting that the structural difference in these peptides may induce slightly different channel conformations that stabilize different unitary conductances.5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eUsing high-specificity ligands, toxins, and engineered peptides to dissect closely related receptor\/channel subtypes and signaling microdomains.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePairing labeled (e.g., fluorescent) proteins\/peptides with advanced imaging to map surface expression, trafficking, and nanoscale organization.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreasing emphasis on reproducibility through standardized characterization (identity, purity, and lot QC) and transparent reporting of reagent attributes.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eCalcium imaging assay: commonly used to compare signal, binding, or functional readouts across conditions without implying a specific protocol.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcross these use cases, changes in signal or functional readout are generally interpreted as evidence of differences in target abundance, accessibility, or engagement, but alternative explanations (matrix effects, off-target interactions, or assay artifacts) should be considered.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAssay context matters: binding assays, functional modulation, and detection workflows can yield different readouts even for the same target system.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTarget complexity: closely related family members, splice variants, and post-translational modifications can influence apparent specificity and potency.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMatrix and sample effects: buffer composition, detergents, and biological matrices may alter stability or apparent activity; interpret with appropriate controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eControl concepts: include negative controls and orthogonal validation (e.g., genetic perturbation or alternative reagents) to support robust interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB) — UniProt Consortium — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/ - NCBI Gene — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/ - NCBI Protein — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/protein\/ - PubChem — NIH\/NLM\/NCBI — https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/ - IUPHAR\/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — IUPHAR\/BPS — https:\/\/www.guidetopharmacology.org\/ - RCSB Protein Data Bank (PDB) — RCSB PDB — https:\/\/www.rcsb.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NIH\/NLM — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"Alomone Labs","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53073010884973,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/Maurocalcine_6721e740-56e4-421f-8aae-adc238ef4243_256.jpg?v=1772699879","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/maurocalcine-bhp21300105","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}