{"product_id":"phospho-pka-r2-antibody-ps99-bha17110083","title":"Phospho-PKA R2 Antibody (pS99)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhospho-PKA R2 Antibody (pS99) is a research-use antibody directed against \u003cstrong\u003ePHOSPHO-PKA R2\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is supplied for use in common immunoassay contexts such as WB (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget:\u003c\/strong\u003e PHOSPHO-PKA R2.\u003c\/li\u003e  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDescription (provided):\u003c\/strong\u003e cAMP is a signaling molecule important for a variety of cellular functions.\u003c\/li\u003e  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit, clone AOG-16, Rabbit IgG.\u003c\/li\u003e  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Purified; Affinity purified.\u003c\/li\u003e  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSpecies reactivity:\u003c\/strong\u003e tested: Human.\u003c\/li\u003e  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunogen (if provided):\u003c\/strong\u003e A synthetic peptide specific to human PKA R2 \/ PRKAR2A (surrounding pS99) was used as the immunogen for the phospho-PKA R2 antibody..\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe information above helps you match the antibody format to your assay context, interpret species-dependent differences, and anticipate how epitope context (isoforms, PTMs, or conformational state) may influence signal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ecAMP is a signaling molecule important for a variety of cellular functions. cAMP exerts its effects by activating the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which transduces the signal through phosphorylation of different target proteins. The inactive kinase holoenzyme is a tetramer composed of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. Four different regulatory subunits and three catalytic subunits have been identified in humans. The protein encoded by the PRKAR2A gene is one of the regulatory subunits. This subunit can be phosphorylated by the activated catalytic subunit. It may interact with various A-kinase anchoring proteins and determine the subcellular localization of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. This subunit has been shown to regulate protein transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus and further to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). [RefSeq]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor curated annotations (gene\/protein naming, domains, isoforms, and pathway links) for PHOSPHO-PKA R2, consult primary databases such as UniProt, NCBI Gene, and Ensembl.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \n\u003cli\u003eContext-dependent expression studies: researchers often examine PHOSPHO-PKA R2 abundance and localization across perturbations (genetic, pharmacologic, or environmental) to connect phenotype to molecular changes.\u003c\/li\u003e  \u003cli\u003eReagent reproducibility: there is growing emphasis on antibody specificity checks using orthogonal approaches (e.g., genetic perturbation or independent antibodies) and transparent reporting of clone\/lot information.\u003c\/li\u003e  \u003cli\u003eMulti-modal datasets: antibody-based readouts are increasingly combined with transcriptomics and imaging to relate protein-level measurements to cell-state transitions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \n\u003cli\u003eWestern blotting (immunoblot) for relative detection of target protein abundance and apparent molecular weight.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen comparing conditions, interpret changes in signal in the context of sample composition, expected localization, and any known isoform complexity for the target.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and PTMs:\u003c\/strong\u003e alternative splicing or post-translational modifications can change epitope accessibility and apparent molecular weight; interpret bands\/signals accordingly.\u003c\/li\u003e  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCross-reactivity and matrix effects:\u003c\/strong\u003e background binding can vary by sample type, species, and blocking\/detection chemistries; include appropriate negative controls.\u003c\/li\u003e  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControl concepts:\u003c\/strong\u003e where feasible, use genetic perturbation (KO\/KD\/overexpression), orthogonal assays, or independent antibodies to support specificity claims.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody considerations:\u003c\/strong\u003e Polyclonal reagents may recognize multiple epitopes and can increase sensitivity but may show broader binding profiles, while monoclonal clones provide a single-epitope readout that can improve consistency across experiments. If a conjugate is listed, the antibody supports more direct detection workflows; otherwise, it is typically used with a compatible secondary antibody.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n- UniProtKB entry for PHOSPHO-PKA R2 (UniProt): https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P13861\n- NCBI Gene search for PHOSPHO-PKA R2 (NCBI): https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=PHOSPHO-PKA R2\n- Ensembl gene search for PHOSPHO-PKA R2 (Ensembl): https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=PHOSPHO-PKA R2\n- Antibody validation “5 pillars” (Nature Methods, 2016): https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nmeth.3995\n- NIH replication \u0026 reproducibility resources (NIH): https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/replicationandreproducibility\n- Human Protein Atlas search for PHOSPHO-PKA R2 (HPA): https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/search\/PHOSPHO-PKA R2\n--\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"Antibody in PBS with 0.02% sodium azide, 50% glycerol and 0.4-0.5mg\/ml BSA \/ 100 ul","offer_id":53044507279725,"sku":"RQ5417","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_1a7c05ee-99a3-4610-9823-07a63189a03c.jpg?v=1771939066","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/phospho-pka-r2-antibody-ps99-bha17110083","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}