{"product_id":"pnkp-antibody-polynucleotide-kinase-phosphatase-bha17135502","title":"PNKP Antibody \/ Polynucleotide kinase phosphatase","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003ePNKP Antibody \/ Polynucleotide kinase phosphatase is a anti-PNKP Rabbit antibody Polyclonal (rabbit origin) supplied in Lyophilized format. Recommended for workflows such as Western blot (WB), Immunocytochemistry (ICC), Immunofluorescence (IF), Flow cytometry (FACS), ELISA with listed reactivity in Human, Mouse, Rat.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget:\u003c\/strong\u003e PNKP\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody details:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit, Polyclonal (rabbit origin), isotype Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilized\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications (as listed):\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, ICC\/IF, FACS, ELISA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv\u003ePNKP antibody detects Polynucleotide kinase phosphatase, a DNA repair enzyme that restores damaged DNA termini during base excision and single-strand break repair. PNKP possesses both 5'-kinase and 3'-phosphatase activities, preparing DNA ends for ligation by DNA ligase. The PNKP antibody is widely used in DNA repair, neurobiology, and cancer research to study genome maintenance, oxidative damage response, and repair pathway coordination.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePNKP is encoded by the PNKP gene on human chromosome 19q13.33. The protein is approximately 521 amino acids long and contains an N-terminal forkhead-associated (FHA) domain that mediates interactions with XRCC1 and XRCC4, scaffolding proteins in the single-strand and double-strand break repair complexes. The C-terminal catalytic region includes both phosphatase and kinase domains that process DNA termini with abnormal 3'-phosphate or 5'-hydroxyl ends.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe PNKP antibody detects a 57 kilodalton band by western blot and shows nuclear foci following DNA damage. PNKP plays a dual role in the repair of oxidative and radiation-induced DNA breaks by preparing strand ends for gap filling and ligation. Mutations in PNKP cause neurological disorders such as microcephaly with early-onset seizures and developmental delay, resulting from defective DNA repair in postmitotic neurons.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePNKP activity is tightly regulated by phosphorylation and interaction with repair complexes. In cancer, overexpression of PNKP enhances DNA repair capacity, contributing to therapy resistance. Pharmacologic inhibition of PNKP sensitizes tumor cells to radiation and chemotherapeutic agents, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic target.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBecause PNKP maintains genomic stability and neuronal survival, it serves as a key model for studying the interface between DNA repair and neurodegeneration.\u003c\/div\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting protein-level changes to phenotype using orthogonal readouts (genetic perturbation, transcriptomics, imaging).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsidering isoforms and post-translational regulation when interpreting protein-level changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComparing results across species and model systems with matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blotting:\u003c\/strong\u003e compare relative abundance and activation-state changes across conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunofluorescence:\u003c\/strong\u003e visualize subcellular distribution and cell-to-cell heterogeneity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFlow cytometry:\u003c\/strong\u003e quantify target-positive populations and signal shifts at single-cell resolution.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA:\u003c\/strong\u003e support antibody-based quantification in assay formats where applicable.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpret changes in signal alongside appropriate controls and, when relevant, in parallel with total-protein or pathway readouts.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSignal can reflect expression level, isoform composition, and post-translational state; interpret results in the context of your model system and stimuli.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecies differences and sample matrices can influence epitope recognition; prioritize matched controls and orthogonal confirmation when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e Polyclonal antibodies recognize multiple epitopes, which can broaden the epitope footprint and may increase sensitivity in some contexts.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt search — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb?query=PNKP - NCBI Gene search — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=PNKP - Ensembl search — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=PNKP - Human Protein Atlas search — HPA — https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/search\/PNKP - PubMed (review) — NLM — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=PNKP+review --\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"Adding 0.2 ml of distilled water will yield a concentration of 500 ug\/ml \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53047293739373,"sku":"FY12599","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_df97dcd1-2e50-423e-ad3e-0f305d4136c3.jpg?v=1782237023","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/pnkp-antibody-polynucleotide-kinase-phosphatase-bha17135502","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}