{"product_id":"protein-phosphatase-1-regulatory-inhibitor-subunit-1a-adenovirus-ad-pp1-r1-bhv21600091","title":"Protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1A Adenovirus (Ad-PP1-R1)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAd-PP1-R1 is a replication-defective recombinant human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) expressing the PP1-R1 gene under the CMV promoter. The vector backbone has E1 and E3 deleted, rendering it non-replicative and accommodating the transgene cassette.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBackbone:\u003c\/strong\u003e Human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) with E1 and E3 deleted (dE1\/E3). Replication-incompetent in standard cells; replication-competent helper cells (HEK293) are required for amplification.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePromoter (CMV):\u003c\/strong\u003e a strong, ubiquitous promoter active in most mammalian cell types.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTransgene:\u003c\/strong\u003e PP1-R1.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTiter \u0026amp; format:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1×10\u003csup\u003e10\u003c\/sup\u003e PFU\/ml in storage buffer (DMEM, 2% BSA, 2.5% glycerol or equivalent), supplied as a 200 µL aliquot.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins on serine and threonine residues is an essential means of regulating a broad range of cellular functions in eukaryotes, including division, homeostasis and apoptosis. A group of proteins that are intimately involved in this process are the serine\/threonine protein phosphatases. The protein phosphatase (PP) holoenzyme is a trimeric complex composed of a regulatory subunit, a variable subunit and a catalytic subunit. Four major families of protein phosphatase catalytic subunits have been identified and are designated PP1, PP2A, PP2B (calcineurin) and PP2C. An additional protein phosphatase catalytic subunit, PPX or PP4, is a member of a potentially novel PP family. The PP1 family comprises subfamily members PP1(alpha), PP1(beta) and PP1(gamma). The PP2A family comprises subfamily members PP2A(alpha) and PP2A(beta). The PP2B family comprises subfamily members PP2B-A(alpha), PP2B-A(beta) and PP2B-A(gamma). The PP2C family comprises PP2C(alpha), PP2C(beta) and PP2C(gamma). Wip1, a protein identified in the p53 DNA response pathway, has also been identified as a potential member of the PP2C family. Regulatory subunits include nuclear inhibitor of PP1 (NIPP1), PP2A-A(alpha) and -A(beta), PP2A-B(alpha), -B(beta) and -B(gamma), PP2A-C(alpha) and -C(beta), PP2A-B56-(alpha) and -B56-(beta), PR48 and PP2B-B1 and -B2.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDecision-relevant for researchers studying Pp1-R1.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdenovirus-mediated delivery is well-established in primary cells, organoids, and small-animal models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePathway activation studies in cell lines and primary cells.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGain-of-function phenotyping in disease-relevant cell models.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRescue experiments paired with shRNA knockdown of the same target.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAdenoviral delivery is episomal and non-integrating; expression dilutes with cell division and typically lasts 1–2 weeks in dividing cells (longer in non-dividing cells such as hepatocytes, neurons, and cardiomyocytes).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePre-existing anti-Ad5 neutralizing antibodies are common in human and primate hosts and can reduce in vivo transduction; this is less relevant in inbred laboratory mouse strains.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMOI optimization is essential — over-dosing can cause cytopathic effects; under-dosing yields incomplete transduction. A 3–5× MOI titration in your specific cell or animal model is recommended.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReplication-defective Ad5 vectors are typically handled at BSL-2; consult your institutional biosafety officer for specific transgenes and routes of use.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal):\n  - NCBI Gene: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\n  - UniProt: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/\n  - Russell WC. Adenoviruses: update on structure and function. J Gen Virol 2009; 90:1–20.\n  - Alba R, Bosch A, Chillon M. Gutless adenovirus: last-generation adenovirus for gene therapy. Gene Ther 2005; 12 Suppl 1:S18–27.\n  - Vendor reference: https:\/\/www.vectorbiolabs.com\/product\/1391-protein-phosphatase-1-regulatory-inhibitor-subunit-1a-adenovirus\/\n--\u003e","brand":"Vector Biolabs","offers":[{"title":"1x10^10 PFU\/ml \/ 200 µL","offer_id":53286490046829,"sku":"1391","price":690.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/protein-phosphatase-1-regulatory-inhibitor-subunit-1a-adenovirus-ad-pp1-r1-bhv21600091","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}