{"product_id":"psme4-antibody-proteasome-activator-complex-subunit-4-bha17135540","title":"PSME4 Antibody \/ Proteasome activator complex subunit 4","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003ePSME4 Antibody \/ Proteasome activator complex subunit 4 is a anti-PSME4 Rabbit antibody Polyclonal (rabbit origin) supplied in Lyophilized format. Recommended for workflows such as Western blot (WB), Immunocytochemistry (ICC), Immunofluorescence (IF), Flow cytometry (FACS), ELISA with listed reactivity in Human, Mouse, Rat. Reported localization: Nuclear.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget:\u003c\/strong\u003e PSME4\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody details:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit, Polyclonal (rabbit origin), isotype Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilized\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications (as listed):\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, ICC\/IF, FACS, ELISA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv\u003ePSME4 antibody detects Proteasome activator complex subunit 4, also known as PA200, a nuclear protein that regulates proteasome function during DNA repair and spermatogenesis. PSME4 binds to the 20S proteasome core to enhance peptide cleavage and modulate substrate selectivity in a ubiquitin-independent manner. The PSME4 antibody is widely used in proteostasis, cell cycle, and DNA repair research to study proteasome regulation and nuclear protein degradation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePSME4 is encoded by the PSME4 gene located on human chromosome 2q37.1. The protein is approximately 1,840 amino acids long and forms a ring-like structure that caps one end of the 20S proteasome. PSME4-mediated activation alters proteasome activity toward oxidized and acetylated substrates, enhancing degradation of histones and DNA repair factors following genotoxic stress.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe PSME4 antibody detects a 220 kilodalton protein by western blot and shows strong nuclear localization under immunofluorescence microscopy. PSME4 plays a crucial role in DNA double-strand break repair by facilitating turnover of repair-associated chromatin proteins, including histones and Ku70\/80. In male germ cells, PSME4 regulates histone replacement during spermatogenesis, ensuring chromatin condensation and sperm maturation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeficiency of PSME4 leads to impaired proteasome activation and accumulation of damaged proteins, resulting in genomic instability and infertility. PSME4 also influences transcriptional regulation and aging by modulating histone acetylation and chromatin dynamics. In cancer, aberrant PSME4 expression alters proteasome activity, contributing to resistance against apoptosis and therapeutic stress.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs a specialized proteasome activator, PSME4 provides insight into the noncanonical regulation of proteolysis and DNA repair.\u003c\/div\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting protein-level changes to phenotype using orthogonal readouts (genetic perturbation, transcriptomics, imaging).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsidering isoforms and post-translational regulation when interpreting protein-level changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComparing results across species and model systems with matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blotting:\u003c\/strong\u003e compare relative abundance and activation-state changes across conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eImmunofluorescence:\u003c\/strong\u003e visualize subcellular distribution and cell-to-cell heterogeneity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFlow cytometry:\u003c\/strong\u003e quantify target-positive populations and signal shifts at single-cell resolution.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA:\u003c\/strong\u003e support antibody-based quantification in assay formats where applicable.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpret changes in signal alongside appropriate controls and, when relevant, in parallel with total-protein or pathway readouts.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSignal can reflect expression level, isoform composition, and post-translational state; interpret results in the context of your model system and stimuli.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecies differences and sample matrices can influence epitope recognition; prioritize matched controls and orthogonal confirmation when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e Polyclonal antibodies recognize multiple epitopes, which can broaden the epitope footprint and may increase sensitivity in some contexts.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt search — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb?query=PSME4 - NCBI Gene search — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=PSME4 - Ensembl search — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=PSME4 - Human Protein Atlas search — HPA — https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/search\/PSME4 - PubMed (review) — NLM — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=PSME4+review --\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"Adding 0.2 ml of distilled water will yield a concentration of 500 ug\/ml \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53047294689645,"sku":"FY12637","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_133fd3a3-6e6d-41ff-a32c-97125a778d36.jpg?v=1782237035","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/psme4-antibody-proteasome-activator-complex-subunit-4-bha17135540","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}