{"product_id":"recombinant-hepatitis-b-virus-genotype-d-subtype-ayw-protein-x-x-bhp10503150","title":"Recombinant Hepatitis B virus genotype D subtype ayw Protein X (X)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eRecombinant Hepatitis B virus genotype D subtype ayw Protein X (X) is a recombinant protein reagent for research-use applications such as assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic experiments. It corresponds to \u003cstrong\u003eHBx\u003c\/strong\u003e (Hepatitis B virus genotype D subtype ayw (isolate Japan\/JYW796\/1988) (HBV-D)) and is intended for RUO workflows where a defined protein standard or functional input is needed.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression system:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (expression context can influence folding and PTMs).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression region:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1-154aa (region choice can affect activity and binding readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eConjugate(s)\/tag:\u003c\/strong\u003e N-terminal 6xHis-SUMO-tagged (can support detection or purification depending on format).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 32.6 kDa (useful for interpreting gel migration and size-exclusion profiles).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen comparing results across assays, consider that expression system and expressed region can alter glycosylation, disulfide formation, and oligomerization state, which may shift apparent potency or binding behavior in vitro.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultifunctional protein that may modulate protein degradation pathways, apoptosis, transcription, signal transduction, cell cycle progress, and genetic stability by directly or indirectly interacting with hosts factors. Does not seem to be essential for HBV infection. May be directly involved in development of cirrhosis and liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma). Most of cytosolic activities involve modulation of cytosolic calcium. The effect on apoptosis is controversial depending on the cell types in which the studies have been conducted. By binding to human DDB1, may affect cell viability and stimulate genome replication. May induce apoptosis by localizing in mitochondria and causing loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. May also modulate apoptosis by binding human CFLAR, a key regulator of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). Moderately stimulates transcription of many different viral and cellular transcription elements. Promoters and enhancers stimulated by HBx contain DNA binding sites for NF-kappa-B, AP-1, AP-2, c-EBP, ATF\/CREB, or the calcium-activated factor NF-AT. May bind bZIP transcription factors like CREB1\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReagent standardization: using recombinant proteins as reference materials for quantitative calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInteraction-focused studies: mapping binding partners, affinity changes, and structure–function relationships across variants or domains.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMulti-omic readouts: combining recombinant perturbations with transcript, protein, and functional endpoints to connect mechanism to phenotype.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssay development and validation: use as a defined input or standard where protein identity is required.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding studies: evaluate interaction strength and specificity using plate-based or biophysical formats.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-response profiling: add protein to cultured cells and interpret downstream marker changes with appropriate controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation is most robust when signal changes are evaluated relative to matched controls (buffer-only, unrelated protein controls, or pathway controls) and when readouts are compared across dose and time.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIsoforms and PTMs can influence binding and activity; ensure the expressed region and expression system match your experimental needs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecies differences may affect receptor binding or antibody recognition; confirm species\/source alignment with your model.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse concept-level controls such as negative controls (no protein), matrix controls, or orthogonal readouts to support conclusions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt keyword search: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb?query=HBx - NCBI Gene search: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=HBx - PubMed search: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=HBx - Ensembl search: https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=HBx - Reactome Pathway Browser: https:\/\/reactome.org\/content\/query?q=HBx --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053015032173,"sku":"CSB-EP865559HEO-1MG","price":2466.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53053133717869,"sku":"CSB-EP865559HEO-100UG","price":729.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20 ug","offer_id":53053133750637,"sku":"CSB-EP865559HEO-20UG","price":388.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-EP865559HEO-SDS.jpg?v=1772172770","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/recombinant-hepatitis-b-virus-genotype-d-subtype-ayw-protein-x-x-bhp10503150","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}