{"product_id":"recombinant-human-apolipoprotein-e-apoe-bhp10516565","title":"Recombinant Human Apolipoprotein E (APOE)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eRecombinant Human Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a recombinant protein preparation derived from Homo sapiens (Human). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and analytical controls where consistent protein specifications are required.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpressed region:\u003c\/strong\u003e 19-317aa.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression system:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may influence folding and post-translational modifications).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag\/format:\u003c\/strong\u003e C-terminal hFc1-tagged; Liquid or Lyophilized powder.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpected size:\u003c\/strong\u003e 63.2 kDa (as provided).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eRegion choice, expression system, and tag\/format can influence folding, post-translational modifications, and interaction behavior in downstream assays.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAPOE is an apolipoprotein, a protein associating with lipid particles, that mainly functions in lipoprotein-mediated lipid transport between organs via the plasma and interstitial fluids. APOE is a core component of plasma lipoproteins and is involved in their production, conversion and clearance. Apolipoproteins are amphipathic molecules that interact both with lipids of the lipoprotein particle core and the aqueous environment of the plasma. As such, APOE associates with chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) but shows a preferential binding to high-density lipoproteins (HDL). It also binds a wide range of cellular receptors including the LDL receptor\/LDLR, the LDL receptor-related proteins LRP1, LRP2 and LRP8 and the very low-density lipoprotein receptor\/VLDLR that mediate the cellular uptake of the APOE-containing lipoprotein particles. Finally, APOE also has a heparin-binding activity and binds heparan-sulfate proteoglycans on the surface of cells, a property that supports the capture and the receptor-mediated uptake of APOE-containing lipoproteins by cells. A main function of APOE is to mediate lipoprotein clearance through the uptake of chylomicrons, VLDLs, and HDLs by hepatocytes. APOE is also involved in the biosynthesis by the liver of VLDLs as well as their uptake by peripheral tissues ensuring the delivery of triglycerides and energy storage in muscle, heart and adipose tissues. By participating in the lipoprotein-mediated distribution of lipids among tissues, APOE plays a critical role in plasma and tissues lipid homeostasis. APOE is also involved in two steps of reverse cholesterol transport, the HDLs-mediated transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver, and thereby plays an important role in cholesterol homeostasis. First, it is functionally associated with ABCA1 in the biogenesis of HDLs in tissues. Second, it is enriched in circulating HDLs and mediates their uptake by hepatocytes. APOE also plays an important role in lipid transport in the central nervous system, regulating neuron survival and sprouting. APOE is also involved in innate and adaptive immune responses, controlling for instance the survival of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Binds to the immune cell receptor LILRB4. APOE may also play a role in transcription regulation through a receptor-dependent and cholesterol-independent mechanism, that activates MAP3K12 and a non-canonical MAPK signal transduction pathway that results in enhanced AP-1-mediated transcription of APP\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDomain- and isoform-aware assay design to improve biological interpretation across model systems.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative workflows emphasizing calibration standards, spike-in controls, and cross-lot comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn vitro binding\/kinetics profiling (SPR\/BLI) to connect biochemical interactions with cellular phenotypes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrepare aliquots of APOE for reproducible in vitro assays (minimize freeze–thaw).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse APOE as a calibration standard in quantitative assays (standard curve setup).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMeasure binding interactions to APOE by SPR\/BLI (kinetic profiling in vitro).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGenerate antibodies to APOE and benchmark specificity in ELISA\/WB (control samples).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpret results in the context of the biological system, assay format, and any known domain\/isoform constraints for the target.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider species- and isoform-specific differences when comparing results across models or homologs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor quantitative assays, include appropriate negative controls and matrix-matched spike-in concepts to assess non-specific signal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB entry (P02649) — UniProt: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P02649 - NCBI Gene search (APOE) — NCBI: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=APOE - PubMed search — NLM: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=APOE - Reactome pathway browser — Reactome: https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - InterPro protein family resource — EMBL-EBI: https:\/\/www.ebi.ac.uk\/interpro\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53059322020205,"sku":"CSB-MP001936HUd9-1MG","price":2490.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53059488153965,"sku":"CSB-MP001936HUd9-100UG","price":344.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20 ug","offer_id":53059488186733,"sku":"CSB-MP001936HUd9-20UG","price":138.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-MP001936HUd9-SDS.jpg?v=1772280441","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/recombinant-human-apolipoprotein-e-apoe-bhp10516565","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}