{"product_id":"recombinant-human-apoptosis-associated-speck-like-protein-containing-a-card-pycard-bhp10508026","title":"Recombinant Human Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (PYCARD)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003ePYCARD\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in Mammalian cell (region 1-195aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1-195aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mammalian cell (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e His, Myc (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 5 PYD and CARD domain-containing protein Target of methylation-induced silencing 1. Functions as key mediator in apoptosis and inflammation. Promotes caspase-mediated apoptosis involving predominantly caspase-8 and also caspase-9 in a probable cell type-specific manner. Involved in activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, promotes caspase-8-dependent proteolytic maturation of BID independently of FADD in certain cell types and also mediates mitochondrial translocation of BAX and activates BAX-dependent apoptosis coupled to activation of caspase-9, -2 and -3. Involved in macrophage pyroptosis, a caspase-1-dependent inflammatory form of cell death and is the major constituent of the ASC pyroptosome which forms upon potassium depletion and rapidly recruits and activates caspase-1. In innate immune response believed to act as an integral adapter in the assembly of the inflammasome which activates caspase-1 leading to processing and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. The function as activating adapter in different types of inflammasomes is mediated by the pyrin and CARD domains and their homotypic interactions. Required for recruitment of caspase-1 to inflammasomes containing certain pattern recognition receptors, such as NLRP2, NLRP3, AIM2 and probably IFI16. In the NLRP1 and NLRC4 inflammasomes seems not be required but facilitates the processing of procaspase-1. In cooperation with NOD2 involved in an inflammasome activated by bacterial muramyl dipeptide leading to caspase-1 activation. May be involved in DDX58-triggered proinflammatory responses and inflammasome activation. Isoform 2 may have a regulating effect on the function as inflammasome adapter. Isoform 3 seems to inhibit inflammasome-mediated maturation of interleukin-1 beta. In collaboration with AIM2 which detects cytosolic double-stranded DNA may also be involved in a caspase-1-independent cell death that involves caspase-8. In adaptive immunity may be involved in maturation of dendritic cells to stimulate T-cell immunity and in cytoskeletal rearrangements coupled to chemotaxis and antigen uptake may be involved in post-transcriptional regulation of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor DOCK2; the latter function is proposed to involve the nuclear form. Also involved in transcriptional activation of cytokines and chemokines independent of the inflammasome; this function may involve AP-1, NF-kappa-B, MAPK and caspase-8 signaling pathways. For regulation of NF-kappa-B activating and inhibiting functions have been reported. Modulates NF-kappa-B induction at the level of the IKK complex by inhibiting kinase activity of CHUK and IKBK. Proposed to compete with RIPK2 for association with CASP1 thereby down-regulating CASP1-mediated RIPK2-dependent NF-kappa-B activation and activating interleukin-1 beta processing. Modulates host resistance to DNA virus infection, probably by inducing the cleavage of and inactivating CGAS in presence of cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA (PubMed:28314590).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eActivity assay development for kinetics, substrate scope, and inhibitor\/activator profiling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eFunctions as key mediator in apoptosis and inflammation. Promotes caspase-mediated apoptosis involving predominantly caspase-8 and also caspase-9 in a probable cell type-specific manner. Involved in activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, promotes caspase-8-dependent proteolytic maturation of BID independently of FADD in certain cell types and also mediates mitochondrial translocation of BAX and activates BAX-dependent apoptosis coupled to activation of caspase-9, -2 and -3. Involved in macrophage pyroptosis, a caspase-1-dependent inflammatory form of cell death and is the major constituent of the ASC pyroptosome which forms upon potassium depletion and rapidly recruits and activates caspase-1. In innate immune response believed to act as an integral adapter in the assembly of the inflammasome which activates caspase-1 leading to processing and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. The function as activating adapter in different types of inflammasomes is mediated by the pyrin and CARD domains and their homotypic interactions. Required for recruitment of caspase-1 to inflammasomes containing certain pattern recognition receptors, such as NLRP2, NLRP3, AIM2 and probably IFI16. In the NLRP1 and NLRC4 inflammasomes seems not be required but facilitates the processing of procaspase-1. In cooperation with NOD2 involved in an inflammasome activated by bacterial muramyl dipeptide leading to caspase-1 activation. May be involved in DDX58-triggered proinflammatory responses and inflammasome activation. Isoform 2 may have a regulating effect on the function as inflammasome adapter. Isoform 3 seems to inhibit inflammasome-mediated maturation of interleukin-1 beta. In collaboration with AIM2 which detects cytosolic double-stranded DNA may also be involved in a caspase-1-independent cell death that involves caspase-8. In adaptive immunity may be involved in maturation of dendritic cells to stimulate T-cell immunity and in cytoskeletal rearrangements coupled to chemotaxis and antigen uptake may be involved in post-transcriptional regulation of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor DOCK2; the latter function is proposed to involve the nuclear form. Also involved in transcriptional activation of cytokines and chemokines independent of the inflammasome; this function may involve AP-1, NF-kappa-B, MAPK and caspase-8 signaling pathways. For regulation of NF-kappa-B activating and inhibiting functions have been reported. Modulates NF-kappa-B induction at the level of the IKK complex by inhibiting kinase activity of CHUK and IKBK. Proposed to compete with RIPK2 for association with CASP1 thereby down-regulating CASP1-mediated RIPK2-dependent NF-kappa-B activation and activating interleukin-1 beta processing. Modulates host resistance to DNA virus infection, probably by inducing the cleavage of and inactivating CGAS in presence of cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA (PubMed:28314590).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving PYCARD\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB Q9ULZ3 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q9ULZ3 - NCBI Gene search: PYCARD — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=PYCARD - Ensembl search: PYCARD — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=PYCARD - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053431382381,"sku":"CSB-MP890936HU-1MG","price":3168.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53053584343405,"sku":"CSB-MP890936HU-100UG","price":448.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20 ug","offer_id":53053584376173,"sku":"CSB-MP890936HU-20UG","price":256.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-MP890936HU-SDS.jpg?v=1772177738","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/recombinant-human-apoptosis-associated-speck-like-protein-containing-a-card-pycard-bhp10508026","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}