{"product_id":"recombinant-human-cd4-active-bhp11005896","title":"Recombinant Human CD4, Active","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecombinant Human CD4, Active\u003c\/strong\u003e is supplied as a recombinant protein for in vitro research use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eBackground\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCD4 protein, also known as Cluster of Differentiation 4, is a cell surface glycoprotein primarily expressed on helper T cells. It plays a crucial role in immune system regulation by mediating interactions between T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). This research aims to explore the function, signaling pathways, and significance of CD4 protein in T cell biology and disease pathogenesis. Function of CD4 Protein: CD4 protein serves as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR) and interacts with major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules on APCs. This interaction enables CD4+ T cells to recognize and respond to antigenic peptides presented by MHC-II. CD4 protein enhances TCR signaling and facilitates the formation of immunological synapses between T cells and APCs, thereby promoting efficient T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. Role of CD4 Protein in T Cell Differentiation: CD4 protein is involved in determining the differentiation fate of CD4+ T cells. By interacting with specific cytokines secreted by APCs, CD4 protein directs the differentiation of naive T cells into distinct effector T cell subsets, including Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Each subset exhibits unique functions and cytokine profiles, contributing to immune responses, inflammation, and immune tolerance. Signaling Pathways Activated by CD4 Protein: Upon engagement with MHC-II, CD4 protein initiates signaling cascades that regulate T cell activation and differentiation. The cytoplasmic tail of CD4 contains conserved motifs, such as immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) and proline-rich regions, which recruit and activate various signaling molecules, including protein kinases and adaptor proteins. These signaling events culminate in the activation of transcription factors, such as NF-κB and AP-1, which control gene expression required for T cell function. Implications of CD4 Protein in Disease Pathogenesis: Dysregulation of CD4 protein expression or function can lead to immune dysfunctions and contribute to the development of various diseases. CD4 protein is a primary receptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry into CD4+ T cells, resulting in the destruction of these crucial immune cells and the progression of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Moreover, altered CD4+ T cell responses and imbalances in T cell subsets have been associated with autoimmune diseases, allergic reactions, and chronic inflammatory conditions. Conclusion: The investigation of CD4 protein in T cell biology provides valuable insights into its role in immune system regulation and disease pathogenesis. Understanding the function and signaling pathways of CD4 protein enhances our knowledge of T cell activation, differentiation, and immune responses. Further research on CD4 protein may lead to the development of targeted therapies for immune-related disorders and provide novel strategies for immune modulation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eProduct format\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProvided as a recombinant protein suitable for in vitro workflows such as binding studies, screening, and assay development. Refer to the specifications table for expression format and molecular properties.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ProSpec-Tany TechnoGene Ltd","offers":[{"title":"2 ug","offer_id":53038177026413,"sku":"cyt-1216-2UG","price":60.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 ug","offer_id":53038533443949,"sku":"cyt-1216-10UG","price":145.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53038533476717,"sku":"cyt-1216-1MG","price":5200.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/Prospecbio-cd4-human-active-CYT-1216.png?v=1782158383","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/recombinant-human-cd4-active-bhp11005896","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}