{"product_id":"recombinant-human-e3-ubiquitin-protein-ligase-amfr-amfr-partial-bhp10510892","title":"Recombinant Human E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase AMFR (AMFR), partial","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecombinant Human E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase AMFR (AMFR), partial is a recombinant protein reagent derived from Homo sapiens (Human) and produced in E.coli. It is commonly used to support Others research by enabling enzyme activity assays, kinetics\/structure–function studies and inhibitor or substrate screening in controlled in vitro settings.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpressed region:\u003c\/strong\u003e 515-601aa. Region selection can focus on functional domains, improve solubility, or isolate interaction surfaces for targeted studies.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression system:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli. Expression host can influence folding and the presence\/absence of post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag \/ fusion:\u003c\/strong\u003e N-terminal 6xHis-tagged. Tags can support purification and detection; evaluate potential tag effects when studying sensitive interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight (reported):\u003c\/strong\u003e 14.1 kDa. Apparent size may vary with tags, processing, and gel conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen comparing results across batches or platforms, interpret signals in the context of construct design (region, tags) and expression host, especially for modification-dependent interactions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe gene commonly associated with this target is \u003cstrong\u003eAMFR\u003c\/strong\u003e. AMFR refers to a protein target that is studied across multiple biological contexts; annotations and nomenclature can vary by species and isoform. This product corresponds to the Homo sapiens (Human) sequence context, which can be important when comparing homologs or orthologs across model systems. For curated functional annotations, domains, and sequence features, consult primary databases (e.g., UniProt\/NCBI) and the recent literature for the specific organism and isoform.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eUsing recombinant proteins to enable quantitative binding measurements and reagent benchmarking.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStudying domain- and isoform-specific effects in pathway models and interaction networks.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDeveloping robust, reproducible assays that connect molecular readouts to cellular phenotypes.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelevance:\u003c\/strong\u003e E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates the polyubiquitination of lysine and cysteine residues on target proteins, such as CD3D, CYP3A4, CFTR, INSIG1, SOAT2\/ACAT2 and APOB for proteasomal degradation . Component of a VCP\/p97-AMFR\/gp78 complex that participates in the final step of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) . The VCP\/p97-AMFR\/gp78 complex is involved in the sterol-accelerated ERAD degradation of HMGCR through binding to the HMGCR-INSIG1 complex at the ER membrane (PubMed:16168377, PubMed:22143767). In addition, interaction of AMFR with AUP1 facilitates interaction of AMFR with ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2G2 and ubiquitin ligase RNF139, leading to sterol-induced HMGCR ubiquitination. The ubiquitinated HMGCR is then released from the ER into the cytosol for subsequent destruction . In addition to ubiquitination on lysine residues, catalyzes ubiquitination on cysteine residues: together with INSIG1, mediates polyubiquitination of SOAT2\/ACAT2 at 'Cys-277', leading to its degradation when the lipid levels are low . Catalyzes ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of INSIG1 when cells are depleted of sterols . Mediates polyubiquitination of INSIG2 at 'Cys-215' in some tissues, leading to its degradation . Also regulates ERAD through the ubiquitination of UBL4A a component of the BAG6\/BAT3 complex . Also acts as a scaffold protein to assemble a complex that couples ubiquitination, retranslocation and deglycosylation . Mediates tumor invasion and metastasis as a receptor for the GPI\/autocrine motility factor. In association with LMBR1L and UBAC2, negatively regulates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in the lymphocytes by promoting the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of CTNNB1 and Wnt receptors FZD6 and LRP6.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eEnzyme activity assays and kinetics measurements with defined substrates\/cofactors.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eInhibitor, activator, or substrate screening in biochemical assay formats.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStructure–function analysis to interpret how sequence changes impact catalytic performance.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn quantitative assay development, changes in binding or activity readouts are typically interpreted relative to appropriate negative\/positive controls and, where possible, orthogonal assay formats that support the same conclusion.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may represent a defined region (domain) rather than the full-length protein; interpret results in the context of the expressed region.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eTag or fusion elements can aid purification and detection but may influence binding surfaces or oligomerization; consider tag controls when relevant.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSpecies and isoform differences can affect interaction partners and post-translational modifications; align experimental controls to the intended biological context.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eE. coli expression can limit eukaryotic post-translational modifications; for modification-dependent biology, interpret results accordingly.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB entry for Q9UKV5 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/Q9UKV5\/entry - NCBI Gene search (AMFR) — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=AMFR - PubMed search (AMFR) — NCBI — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=AMFR - RCSB PDB search (AMFR) — RCSB PDB — https:\/\/www.rcsb.org\/search?query=AMFR - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53065332949357,"sku":"CSB-EP892337HU1-1MG","price":2466.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53065518088557,"sku":"CSB-EP892337HU1-100UG","price":578.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20 ug","offer_id":53065518121325,"sku":"CSB-EP892337HU1-20UG","price":306.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-EP892337HU1-SDS.jpg?v=1772476648","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/recombinant-human-e3-ubiquitin-protein-ligase-amfr-amfr-partial-bhp10510892","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}