{"product_id":"recombinant-human-hla-class-ii-histocompatibility-antigen-dq-alpha-1-chain-hla-dqa1-partial-bhp10507810","title":"Recombinant Human HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 1 chain (HLA-DQA1), partial","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eHLA-DQA1\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in E.coli (region 24-213aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 24-213aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e His (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as DC-1 alpha chainDC-alphaHLA-DCAMHC class II DQA1. Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal\/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal\/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal microenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eBinds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents th on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As mbrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal\/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal\/lysosomal syst where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The roval of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell mbrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal microenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving HLA-DQA1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding and specificity benchmarking for detection reagents (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB P01909 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P01909 - NCBI Gene search: HLA-DQA1 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=HLA-DQA1 - Ensembl search: HLA-DQA1 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=HLA-DQA1 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053424501101,"sku":"CSB-EP365686HU-1MG","price":1812.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53053570187629,"sku":"CSB-EP365686HU-100UG","price":419.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20 ug","offer_id":53053570220397,"sku":"CSB-EP365686HU-20UG","price":224.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-RP148394h-SDS.jpg?v=1772177709","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/recombinant-human-hla-class-ii-histocompatibility-antigen-dq-alpha-1-chain-hla-dqa1-partial-bhp10507810","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}