{"product_id":"recombinant-human-immunodeficiency-virus-type-1-group-m-subtype-b-protein-vpr-vpr-bhp10516026","title":"Recombinant Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B Protein Vpr (vpr)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eRecombinant Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B Protein Vpr (vpr) is a recombinant protein preparation derived from Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M subtype B (isolate NY5) (HIV-1). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and analytical controls where consistent protein specifications are required.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpressed region:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1-96aa.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression system:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (may influence folding and post-translational modifications).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag\/format:\u003c\/strong\u003e C-terminal 6xHis-tagged; Liquid or Lyophilized powder.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpected size:\u003c\/strong\u003e 18.3 kDa (as provided).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eRegion choice, expression system, and tag\/format can influence folding, post-translational modifications, and interaction behavior in downstream assays.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eDuring virus replication, may deplete host UNG protein, and incude G2-M cell cycle arrest. Acts by targeting specific host proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome, through association with the cellular CUL4A-DDB1 E3 ligase complex by direct interaction with host VPRPB\/DCAF-1. Cell cycle arrest reportedly occurs within hours of infection and is not blocked by antiviral agents, suggesting that it is initiated by the VPR carried into the virion. Additionally, VPR induces apoptosis in a cell cycle dependent manner suggesting that these two effects are mechanistically linked. Detected in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of AIDS patient, VPR may also induce cell death to bystander cells\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAntigen design and domain selection to better capture neutralizing versus non-neutralizing antibody responses.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh-throughput serology and antibody screening using standardized antigens and plate-based formats.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIntegrating binding kinetics with epitope mapping to support variant-aware immunology studies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCoat plates with vpr antigen for ELISA antibody titration (serum\/plasma).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eScreen anti-vpr antibodies by indirect ELISA and immunoblot readouts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMap antigenic epitopes using vpr fragments\/domains (in vitro binding assays).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDevelop antigen-capture assays using vpr as a standard (spike-in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpret results in the context of the biological system, assay format, and any known domain\/isoform constraints for the target.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAntigenic proteins may contain immunodominant regions; domain choice can affect assay readouts and cross-reactivity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInclude relevant negative controls (e.g., unrelated antigens) and dilution series to support interpretation of binding signals.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB entry (P12520) — UniProt: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P12520 - NCBI Gene search (vpr) — NCBI: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=vpr - PubMed search — NLM: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=vpr - Reactome pathway browser — Reactome: https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - InterPro protein family resource — EMBL-EBI: https:\/\/www.ebi.ac.uk\/interpro\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53059304522093,"sku":"CSB-EP318978HKY-1MG","price":2466.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53059452600685,"sku":"CSB-EP318978HKY-100UG","price":578.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20 ug","offer_id":53059452633453,"sku":"CSB-EP318978HKY-20UG","price":306.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-EP318978HKY-SDS.jpg?v=1772280363","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/recombinant-human-immunodeficiency-virus-type-1-group-m-subtype-b-protein-vpr-vpr-bhp10516026","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}