{"product_id":"recombinant-human-pleiotrophin-protein-bhp21300087","title":"Recombinant human Pleiotrophin protein","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecombinant human Pleiotrophin protein\u003c\/strong\u003e is a research-grade protein\/peptide reagent used in research settings. It is supplied in Lyophilized format to support flexible downstream use in RUO workflows.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e MW: 15.4 kDa.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource \/ origin:\u003c\/strong\u003e Recombinant, E. coli.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eQuality attributes:\u003c\/strong\u003e Purity: ≥98% (HPLC); Bioassay tested: Yes; Sterile \/ endotoxin-free: Yes.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen used as a biochemical or pharmacological tool, results are best interpreted relative to the experimental system (species, expression level, and assay readout) and with appropriate negative and competition-style controls where relevant. This product is intended for research use only.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePleiotrophin (PTN), is a heparin-binding neurotrophic factor. Cells that express either PTN or PTN mRNA include osteoblasts, fetal chondrocytes,1 astrocytes, oligodendroglia, neurons,2 Schwann cells,3 keratinocytes of the stratum basale,3 and selected tumor cell lines.4,5 The expression of PTN increases during the process of brain embryogenesis and reaches maximum levels at time of birth.The role of PTN in neurogenesis and neural plasticity has been revealed by various studies. Embryonic cortical neurons adhere to and extend neurites on PTN coated substratuM6 PTN also induces, in vitro, migration of osteoblasts. 7 PTN coated membrane enhances neuronal migration by haptotaxis.8 PTN bound to agarose beads induces clustering of acetylcholine receptors on embryonic myoblasts.9PTN is expressed in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus in an activity-dependent manner, and is suggested to be involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.10Transfection with PTN cDNA, transforms murine 3T3 fibroblasts into cells that form extensively metastasizing tumors in nude mice.11 PTN is highly expressed in choriocarcinoma, melanoma and, prostate carcinoma. Serum PTN increase in patients with pancreatic and colon carcinomas.12After focal forebrain ischemia, PTN is expressed in astrocytes, OX-42 positive macrophages, and endothelial cells in areas of developing neovascularization.13 PTN is also deposited in senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome.14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eUsing high-specificity ligands, toxins, and engineered peptides to dissect closely related receptor\/channel subtypes and signaling microdomains.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePairing labeled (e.g., fluorescent) proteins\/peptides with advanced imaging to map surface expression, trafficking, and nanoscale organization.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreasing emphasis on reproducibility through standardized characterization (identity, purity, and lot QC) and transparent reporting of reagent attributes.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAssay development and optimization: used as a reference material or tool reagent in RUO workflows.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReagent validation: supports conceptual controls such as competition\/neutralization, when relevant.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcross these use cases, changes in signal or functional readout are generally interpreted as evidence of differences in target abundance, accessibility, or engagement, but alternative explanations (matrix effects, off-target interactions, or assay artifacts) should be considered.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAssay context matters: binding assays, functional modulation, and detection workflows can yield different readouts even for the same target system.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMatrix and sample effects: buffer composition, detergents, and biological matrices may alter stability or apparent activity; interpret with appropriate controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eControl concepts: include negative controls and orthogonal validation (e.g., genetic perturbation or alternative reagents) to support robust interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB) — UniProt Consortium — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/ - NCBI Gene — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/ - NCBI Protein — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/protein\/ - PubChem — NIH\/NLM\/NCBI — https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/ - IUPHAR\/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — IUPHAR\/BPS — https:\/\/www.guidetopharmacology.org\/ - RCSB Protein Data Bank (PDB) — RCSB PDB — https:\/\/www.rcsb.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NIH\/NLM — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"Alomone Labs","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53073010164077,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/recombinant-human-pleiotrophin-protein-bhp21300087","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}