{"product_id":"recombinant-human-protein-pml-pml-partial-bhp10508464","title":"Recombinant Human Protein PML (PML), partial","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecombinant Human Protein PML (PML), partial is a recombinant protein reagent derived from Homo sapiens (Human) and produced in E.coli. It is commonly used to support Cancer research by enabling binding assays, assay development and protein–protein interaction studies in controlled in vitro settings.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpressed region:\u003c\/strong\u003e 59-239aa. Region selection can focus on functional domains, improve solubility, or isolate interaction surfaces for targeted studies.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression system:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli. Expression host can influence folding and the presence\/absence of post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag \/ fusion:\u003c\/strong\u003e N-terminal 6xHis-tagged. Tags can support purification and detection; evaluate potential tag effects when studying sensitive interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight (reported):\u003c\/strong\u003e 26.4 kDa. Apparent size may vary with tags, processing, and gel conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen comparing results across batches or platforms, interpret signals in the context of construct design (region, tags) and expression host, especially for modification-dependent interactions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe gene commonly associated with this target is \u003cstrong\u003ePML\u003c\/strong\u003e. PML refers to a protein target that is studied across multiple biological contexts; annotations and nomenclature can vary by species and isoform. This product corresponds to the Homo sapiens (Human) sequence context, which can be important when comparing homologs or orthologs across model systems. For curated functional annotations, domains, and sequence features, consult primary databases (e.g., UniProt\/NCBI) and the recent literature for the specific organism and isoform.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eMapping pathway dependencies and signaling networks that drive tumor growth and drug resistance.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDeveloping and benchmarking biomarker assays (e.g., immunoassays or binding reagents) for candidate targets.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eCharacterizing protein variants, domains, or interaction partners relevant to targeted therapeutics and precision oncology.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelevance:\u003c\/strong\u003e Functions via its association with PML-nuclear bodies in a wide range of important cellular processes, including tumor suppression, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, senescence, DNA damage response, and viral defense mechanisms. Acts as the scaffold of PML-NBs allowing other proteins to shuttle in and out, a process which is regulated by SUMO-mediated modifications and interactions. Isoform PML-4 has a multifaceted role in the regulation of apoptosis and growth suppression: activates RB1 and inhibits AKT1 via interactions with PP1 and PP2A phosphatases respectively, negatively affects the PI3K pathway by inhibiting MTOR and activating PTEN, and positively regulates p53\/TP53 by acting at different levels (by promoting its acetylation and phosphorylation and by inhibiting its MDM2-dependent degradation). Isoform PML-4 also: acts as a transcriptional repressor of TBX2 during cellular senescence and the repression is dependent on a functional RBL2\/E2F4 repressor complex, regulates double-strand break repair in gamma-irradiation-induced DNA damage responses via its interaction with WRN, acts as a negative regulator of telomerase by interacting with TERT, and regulates PER2 nuclear localization and circadian function. Isoform PML-6 inhibits specifically the activity of the tetrameric form of PKM. The nuclear isoforms in concert with SATB1 are involved in local chromatin-loop remodeling and gene expression regulation at the MHC-I locus. Isoform PML-2 is required for efficient IFN-gamma induced MHC II gene transcription via regulation of CIITA. Cytoplasmic PML is involved in the regulation of the TGF-beta signaling pathway. PML also regulates transcription activity of ELF4 and can act as an important mediator for TNF-alpha- and IFN-alpha-mediated inhibition of endothelial cell network formation and migration. Exhibits antiviral activity against both DNA and RNA viruses. The antiviral activity can involve one or several isoform and can be enhanced by the permanent PML-NB-associated protein DAXX or by the recruitment of p53\/TP53 within these structures. Isoform PML-4 restricts varicella zoster virus via sequestration of virion capsids in PML-NBs thereby preventing their nuclear egress and inhibiting formation of infectious virus particles. The sumoylated isoform PML-4 restricts rabies virus by inhibiting viral mRNA and protein synthesis. The cytoplasmic isoform PML-14 can restrict herpes simplex virus-1 replication by sequestering the viral E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ICP0 in the cytoplasm. Isoform PML-6 shows restriction activity towards human cytomegalovirus and influenza A virus strains PR8 and ST364. Sumoylated isoform PML-4 and isoform PML-12 show antiviral activity against encephalomyocarditis virus by promoting nuclear sequestration of viral polymerase within PML NBs. Isoform PML-3 exhibits antiviral activity against poliovirus by inducing apoptosis in infected cells through the recruitment and the activation of p53\/TP53 in the PML-NBs. Isoform PML-3 represses human foamy virus transcription by complexing the HFV transactivator, bel1\/tas, preventing its binding to viral DNA. PML may positively regulate infectious hepatitis C viral production and isoform PML-2 may enhance adenovirus transcription.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAssay and standard development for immunoassays or binding-based detection methods.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eProtein–protein interaction studies (e.g., receptor–ligand or complex assembly) using purified components.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStructure–function analysis, including domain mapping or evaluation of sequence variants.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn quantitative assay development, changes in binding or activity readouts are typically interpreted relative to appropriate negative\/positive controls and, where possible, orthogonal assay formats that support the same conclusion.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may represent a defined region (domain) rather than the full-length protein; interpret results in the context of the expressed region.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eTag or fusion elements can aid purification and detection but may influence binding surfaces or oligomerization; consider tag controls when relevant.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSpecies and isoform differences can affect interaction partners and post-translational modifications; align experimental controls to the intended biological context.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eE. coli expression can limit eukaryotic post-translational modifications; for modification-dependent biology, interpret results accordingly.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB entry for P29590 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P29590\/entry - NCBI Gene search (PML) — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=PML - PubMed search (PML) — NCBI — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=PML - RCSB PDB search (PML) — RCSB PDB — https:\/\/www.rcsb.org\/search?query=PML - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53065257910637,"sku":"CSB-EP018236HUa0-1MG","price":2062.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53065361555821,"sku":"CSB-EP018236HUa0-100UG","price":480.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20 ug","offer_id":53065361588589,"sku":"CSB-EP018236HUa0-20UG","price":256.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-EP018236HUa0-SDS.jpg?v=1772476363","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/recombinant-human-protein-pml-pml-partial-bhp10508464","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}