{"product_id":"recombinant-human-ras-related-c3-botulinum-toxin-substrate-1-rac1-bhp10515912","title":"Recombinant Human Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eRecombinant Human Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) is a recombinant protein preparation derived from Homo sapiens (Human). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and analytical controls where consistent protein specifications are required.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpressed region:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1-189aa.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression system:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (may influence folding and post-translational modifications).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag\/format:\u003c\/strong\u003e N-terminal 10xHis-tagged; Liquid or Lyophilized powder.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpected size:\u003c\/strong\u003e 30.9 kDa (as provided).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eRegion choice, expression system, and tag\/format can influence folding, post-translational modifications, and interaction behavior in downstream assays.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization, neurons adhesion, migration and differentiation, and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. Rac1 p21\/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages. Essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. Stimulates PKN2 kinase activity. In concert with RAB7A, plays a role in regulating the formation of RBs (ruffled borders) in osteoclasts. In podocytes, promotes nuclear shuttling of NR3C2; this modulation is required for a proper kidney functioning. Required for atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2-induced LIMK1-PAK1-dependent phosphorylation of cofilin (CFL1) and for up-regulation of ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation. In neurons, is involved in dendritic spine formation and synaptic plasticity. In hippocampal neurons, involved in spine morphogenesis and synapse formation, through local activation at synapses by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), such as ARHGEF6\/ARHGEF7\/PIX. In synapses, seems to mediate the regulation of F-actin cluster formation performed by SHANK3. In neurons, plays a crucial role in regulating GABA(A) receptor synaptic stability and hence GABAergic inhibitory synaptic transmission through its role in PAK1 activation and eventually F-actin stabilization. Required for DSG3 translocation to cell-cell junctions, DSG3-mediated organization of cortical F-actin bundles and anchoring of actin at cell junctions; via interaction with DSG3. Subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase complex that mediates the transfer of electrons from cytosolic NADPH to O2 to produce the superoxide anion (O2(-))\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDomain- and isoform-aware assay design to improve biological interpretation across model systems.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative workflows emphasizing calibration standards, spike-in controls, and cross-lot comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn vitro binding\/kinetics profiling (SPR\/BLI) to connect biochemical interactions with cellular phenotypes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrepare aliquots of RAC1 for reproducible in vitro assays (minimize freeze–thaw).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse RAC1 as a calibration standard in quantitative assays (standard curve setup).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMeasure binding interactions to RAC1 by SPR\/BLI (kinetic profiling in vitro).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGenerate antibodies to RAC1 and benchmark specificity in ELISA\/WB (control samples).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpret results in the context of the biological system, assay format, and any known domain\/isoform constraints for the target.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider species- and isoform-specific differences when comparing results across models or homologs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor quantitative assays, include appropriate negative controls and matrix-matched spike-in concepts to assess non-specific signal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB entry (P63000) — UniProt: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P63000 - NCBI Gene search (RAC1) — NCBI: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=RAC1 - PubMed search — NLM: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=RAC1 - Reactome pathway browser — Reactome: https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - InterPro protein family resource — EMBL-EBI: https:\/\/www.ebi.ac.uk\/interpro\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53059300524397,"sku":"CSB-EP019242HU1-1MG","price":1812.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53059445457261,"sku":"CSB-EP019242HU1-100UG","price":419.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20 ug","offer_id":53059445490029,"sku":"CSB-EP019242HU1-20UG","price":224.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-EP019242HU1-SDS.jpg?v=1772280363","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/recombinant-human-ras-related-c3-botulinum-toxin-substrate-1-rac1-bhp10515912","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}