{"product_id":"recombinant-human-tgf-beta1-protein-bhp22200017","title":"Recombinant Human TGF beta1 Protein","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"bhp-desc\"\u003e\n\u003cstyle\u003e.bhp-desc{font-size:16px;color:#1a1a1a;line-height:1.7}.bhp-desc h2{font-size:18px;font-weight:700;color:#003366;margin:24px 0 10px;padding-bottom:6px;border-bottom:2px solid #003366}.bhp-desc p{margin:0 0 12px}.bhp-desc .bhp-spec-table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:12px 0 18px}.bhp-desc .bhp-spec-table th{width:36%;text-align:left;padding:8px 12px;background:#e8f0fb;color:#003366;font-weight:600;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #ccd9f0}.bhp-desc .bhp-spec-table td{padding:8px 12px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #ccd9f0}.bhp-desc .bhp-qc-badge{display:inline-block;background:#e6f4ea;color:#1a7a3c;border:1px solid #a8d5b5;border-radius:4px;padding:6px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:600}.bhp-desc .bhp-warning-box{background:#fff8e6;border-left:4px solid #e6a817;padding:10px 14px;margin:10px 0 14px;border-radius:0 4px 4px 0}.bhp-desc .bhp-app-wrap{overflow-x:auto}.bhp-desc .bhp-app-table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:12px 0 18px;font-size:14px}.bhp-desc .bhp-app-table th{background:#e8f0fb;color:#003366;text-align:left;padding:8px 10px;border:1px solid #ccd9f0;vertical-align:top}.bhp-desc .bhp-app-table td{padding:8px 10px;border:1px solid #ccd9f0;vertical-align:top}.bhp-desc .bhp-cat-pill{display:inline-block;background:#003366;color:#fff;border-radius:20px;padding:3px 12px;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:10px}\u003c\/style\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"bhp-cat-pill\"\u003eRecombinant Protein · TGF-β Superfamily\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ch2\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecombinant Human TGF beta1 Protein\u003c\/strong\u003e (TGF-β1) is the mature, non-glycosylated homodimer expressed in \u003cstrong\u003ehuman cells\u003c\/strong\u003e. It is manufactured in an animal-free, xeno-free and tag-free format and supplied lyophilized without carrier protein, at \u0026gt;95% purity by SDS-PAGE and endotoxin \u0026lt;0.5 EU\/µg.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTGF-β1 is used to study regulatory T-cell differentiation, tolerance and immune suppression, fibroblast activation and matrix deposition, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and TGFBR–SMAD2\/3 signaling. Activity is confirmed in a cell-based HT-2 assay, and two peer-reviewed studies report the use of this TGF-β1.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"bhp-qc-badge\"\u003eExpression system: Human cells · Tag-free · Animal-free\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eScientific Background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTGF-β1 is the most abundant TGF-β isoform in mammals and is secreted as part of a latent complex that must be activated before it can signal. The active homodimer binds TGFBR2, which recruits and activates TGFBR1\/ALK5. This leads to phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3, which partner with SMAD4 to regulate transcription.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTGF-β1 also engages non-SMAD pathways, including MAPK and PI3K, and its effects depend on cell identity and microenvironment. It is studied in immune tolerance, regulatory T-cell biology, fibrosis, EMT, extracellular-matrix regulation, myogenesis and stem\/progenitor differentiation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch Applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTGF-β1 is used where SMAD2\/3 signaling drives immune regulation, matrix programs or epithelial plasticity. The table summarizes typical workflow placement; it is a planning guide, not a universal protocol.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"bhp-app-wrap\"\u003e\u003ctable class=\"bhp-app-table\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eApplication\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eRole of TGF-β1\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCompanion signals and context\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSuggested readouts\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRegulatory T-cell differentiation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTGF-β-dependent FOXP3 induction\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIL-2 and TCR stimulation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFOXP3, CD25, suppressive function\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFibroblast activation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDrives the myofibroblast and matrix program\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDefined serum context\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eα-SMA, COL1A1, fibronectin and contraction\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEMT model\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eInduces epithelial plasticity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTime course and pathway inhibitors\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eE-cadherin, vimentin, migration\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSMAD signaling assay\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAcute receptor activation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eALK5 inhibitor control\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epSMAD2\/3, nuclear translocation, target genes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlanning considerations\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDefine the responsive cell stage and confirm that the cells express the relevant receptors.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBegin with a validated protocol, then run a dose response for the actual cell source, medium and endpoint.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eControl timing and companion factors, since signal order and duration can change lineage or functional outcomes; include no-factor, vehicle and pathway-response controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMeasure phenotype and function rather than cell number alone. No EC50 or universal working concentration applies without lot- or protocol-specific evidence.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eProtein Specifications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"bhp-spec-table\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eTarget\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTGF beta1 (also known as TGF-β1)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eAlternative names\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTGF-β1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSpecies\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eExpression system\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman cells\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eStructure\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNon-glycosylated homodimer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eProtein family\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTGF-β superfamily\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eExpression region\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFull length\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eTag\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag-free\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eAnimal origin\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAnimal-free \/ xeno-free\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMolecular weight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25 kDa. Refer to the lot-specific Certificate of Analysis (CoA) for lot data.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003ePurity\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt;95% by SDS-PAGE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eEndotoxin level\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt;0.5 EU\/µg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eFormulation\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLyophilized from a 0.2 µm-filtered solution in 10 mM sodium acetate without carrier protein\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eForm\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLyophilized\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eBiological activity\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eInhibition of IL-4-induced proliferation in mouse HT-2 cells\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eApplications\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStem Cell Differentiation, Immunotherapy, Cell Signaling Studies, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological Activity \u0026amp; Quality Control\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBiological activity is evaluated by the ability of TGF-β1 to inhibit IL-4-induced proliferation of mouse HT-2 cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLot-specific activity and purity data are provided on the Certificate of Analysis (CoA), available from BioHippo on request.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReconstitution\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBriefly centrifuge the vial before opening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReconstitute in sterile 4 mM HCl containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAvoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStorage \u0026amp; Shipping\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"bhp-spec-table\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eStorage\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAs supplied: −20°C to −80°C for up to 12 months from receipt. After reconstitution: 2°C to 8°C for up to 1 month, or −20°C to −80°C for up to 3 months, under sterile conditions. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eShipping\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePlease contact us to confirm shipping conditions for this product.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSelected References\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMassagué J (2012) TGFβ signalling in context. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 13:616-630. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrm3434\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003e10.1038\/nrm3434\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOshimori N, Fuchs E (2012) The harmonies played by TGF-β in stem cell biology. Cell Stem Cell 11:751-764. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stem.2012.11.001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003e10.1016\/j.stem.2012.11.001\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety \u0026amp; Handling\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"bhp-warning-box\"\u003e\u003cp style=\"margin:0\"\u003eHandle as a laboratory reagent and consult the linked SDS before use. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles of the reconstituted protein.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research use only. Not for diagnostic or therapeutic use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"StemImmune LLC","offers":[{"title":"10 ug","offer_id":67641420513645,"sku":"HST-TB1-0010","price":134.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":67641430606189,"sku":"HST-TB1-0100","price":938.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/tgfb1-500x500.webp?v=1791572801","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/recombinant-human-tgf-beta1-protein-bhp22200017","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}