{"product_id":"recombinant-human-toll-like-receptor-4-tlr4-partial-bhp10507362","title":"Recombinant Human Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), partial","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis Recombinant Protein provides recombinant \u003cstrong\u003eTLR4\u003c\/strong\u003e from Homo sapiens (Human), produced in E.coli (region 27-631aa). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and mechanistic research (RUO).\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRegion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 27-631aa (domain boundaries can affect binding\/activity readouts).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression host:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (may differ from native PTMs\/processing).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e His (supports purification\/detection; consider tag effects in controls).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso reported as hToll (CD_antigen: CD284). Cooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Acts via MYD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Also involved in LPS-independent inflammatory responses triggered by free fatty acids, such as palmitate, and Ni2+. Responses triggered by Ni2+ require non-conserved histidines and are, therefore, species-specific. Both M.tuberculosis HSP70 and HSP65 act via this protein to stimulate NF-kappa-B expression. In complex with TLR6, promotes sterile inflammation in monocytes\/macrophages in response to oxidized low-density lipoprotein or amyloid-beta 42. In this context, the initial signal is provided by oxLDL- or amyloid-beta 42-binding to CD36. This event induces the formation of a heterodimer of TLR4 and TLR6, which is rapidly internalized and triggers inflammatory response, leading to the NF-kappa-B-dependent production of CXCL1, CXCL2 and CCL9 cytokines, via MYD88 signaling pathway, and CCL5 cytokine, via TICAM1 signaling pathway, as well as IL1B secretion. Binds electronegative LDL (LDL-) and mediates the cytokine release induced by LDL-. Stimulation of monocytes in vitro with M.tuberculosis PstS1 induces p38 MAPK and ERK1\/2 activation primarily via TLR2, but also partially via this receptor.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative mapping of ligand\/receptor signaling to downstream phospho- and transcriptional programs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant standards to improve assay calibration and cross-study comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eCooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Acts via MYD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Also involved in LPS-independent inflammatory responses triggered by free fatty acids, such as palmitate, and Ni2+. Responses triggered by Ni2+ require non-conserved histidines and are, therefore, species-specific. Both M.tuberculosis HSP70 and HSP65 act via this protein to stimulate NF-kappa-B expression. In complex with TLR6, promotes sterile inflammation in monocytes\/macrophages in response to oxidized low-density lipoprotein or amyloid-beta 42. In this context, the initial signal is provided by oxLDL- or amyloid-beta 42-binding to CD36. This event induces the formation of a heterodimer of TLR4 and TLR6, which is rapidly internalized and triggers inflammatory response, leading to the NF-kappa-B-dependent production of CXCL1, CXCL2 and CCL9 cytokines, via MYD88 signaling pathway, and CCL5 cytokine, via TICAM1 signaling pathway, as well as IL1B secretion. Binds electronegative LDL (LDL-) and mediates the cytokine release induced by LDL-. Stimulation of monocytes in vitro with M.tuberculosis PstS1 induces p38 MAPK and ERK1\/2 activation primarily via TLR2, but also partially via this receptor.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard curve or spike-in reference for quantitative assays involving TLR4\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBinding interaction studies (e.g., SPR\/BLI or plate-based binding formats)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell-based stimulation studies with downstream marker readouts (conceptual)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may not capture all native isoforms or PTMs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider tag- or host-related effects when interpreting binding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse appropriate blanks and matrix\/control concepts to separate signal from background.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB O00206 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/O00206 - NCBI Gene search: TLR4 — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=TLR4 - Ensembl search: TLR4 — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=TLR4 - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53053409853805,"sku":"CSB-EP023603HU1-1MG","price":2062.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53053541482861,"sku":"CSB-EP023603HU1-100UG","price":480.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20 ug","offer_id":53053541515629,"sku":"CSB-EP023603HU1-20UG","price":256.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-EP023603HU1-SDS.jpg?v=1772177664","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/recombinant-human-toll-like-receptor-4-tlr4-partial-bhp10507362","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}