{"product_id":"recombinant-human-vegf-165-protein-bhp22200009","title":"Recombinant Human VEGF-165 Protein","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"bhp-desc\"\u003e\n\u003cstyle\u003e.bhp-desc{font-size:16px;color:#1a1a1a;line-height:1.7}.bhp-desc h2{font-size:18px;font-weight:700;color:#003366;margin:24px 0 10px;padding-bottom:6px;border-bottom:2px solid #003366}.bhp-desc p{margin:0 0 12px}.bhp-desc .bhp-spec-table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:12px 0 18px}.bhp-desc .bhp-spec-table th{width:36%;text-align:left;padding:8px 12px;background:#e8f0fb;color:#003366;font-weight:600;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #ccd9f0}.bhp-desc .bhp-spec-table td{padding:8px 12px;vertical-align:top;border:1px solid #ccd9f0}.bhp-desc .bhp-qc-badge{display:inline-block;background:#e6f4ea;color:#1a7a3c;border:1px solid #a8d5b5;border-radius:4px;padding:6px 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:600}.bhp-desc .bhp-warning-box{background:#fff8e6;border-left:4px solid #e6a817;padding:10px 14px;margin:10px 0 14px;border-radius:0 4px 4px 0}.bhp-desc .bhp-app-wrap{overflow-x:auto}.bhp-desc .bhp-app-table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:12px 0 18px;font-size:14px}.bhp-desc .bhp-app-table th{background:#e8f0fb;color:#003366;text-align:left;padding:8px 10px;border:1px solid #ccd9f0;vertical-align:top}.bhp-desc .bhp-app-table td{padding:8px 10px;border:1px solid #ccd9f0;vertical-align:top}.bhp-desc .bhp-cat-pill{display:inline-block;background:#003366;color:#fff;border-radius:20px;padding:3px 12px;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:10px}\u003c\/style\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"bhp-cat-pill\"\u003eRecombinant Protein · Growth Factor\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ch2\u003eProduct Overview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecombinant Human VEGF-165 Protein\u003c\/strong\u003e (VEGF-A165) is made in \u003cstrong\u003ehuman cells\u003c\/strong\u003e; each molecule is a glycosylated homodimer of two 165-amino-acid chains joined by disulfide bonds. It is tag-free, animal-free and xeno-free, lyophilized from a 0.2 µm-filtered PBS solution without carrier protein, with purity \u0026gt;95% by SDS-PAGE and endotoxin \u0026lt;0.5 EU\/µg.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVEGF-165 is used for endothelial-cell culture, HUVEC proliferation and angiogenesis assays, endothelial and hemogenic-endothelium differentiation of human iPSCs and ESCs, vascular organoids, tissue engineering and tumor-angiogenesis research. Activity is confirmed by HUVEC proliferation with an EC50 of 7.6–11.4 ng\/mL, every lot is quality-control tested, and the protein has been reported in eight peer-reviewed studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"bhp-qc-badge\"\u003eExpression system: Human cells · Tag-free · Animal-free\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eScientific Background\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A), also called vascular permeability factor, is a key regulator of blood-vessel development and endothelial-cell function. It belongs to the platelet-derived growth factor family and carries the conserved cystine-knot structure of that family. Alternative splicing of the human VEGFA gene produces several isoforms; VEGF-165 is the predominant isoform and one of the most biologically active, combining receptor binding with extracellular-matrix and neuropilin interactions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe main receptor for VEGF-165 is VEGFR-2\/KDR; VEGFR-1\/Flt-1 and co-receptors such as neuropilin-1 also contribute. It promotes endothelial proliferation, migration and survival, vascular permeability, angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. The response depends on cell state, receptor expression, concentration, exposure time, matrix and accompanying developmental signals, so dose and timing should be optimized for each cell line, basal medium and objective.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch Applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVEGF-165 is used across endothelial culture, angiogenesis assays and staged hPSC differentiation, where it is usually added after mesoderm induction. The table summarizes typical uses with the starting ranges the manufacturer suggests; ranges are starting points for optimization, not universal protocols.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"bhp-app-wrap\"\u003e\u003ctable class=\"bhp-app-table\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eApplication\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eRole of VEGF-165\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eExample models and readouts\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSuggested starting range\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEndothelial-cell culture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eProliferation, survival and VEGFR-2\/KDR signaling\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHUVEC and primary endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor expansion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5–25 ng\/mL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAngiogenesis and vasculogenesis assays\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMigration, sprouting and network formation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTube-formation, spheroid-sprouting, migration and wound-closure assays\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10–50 ng\/mL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ehPSC endothelial differentiation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVascular-progenitor and endothelial specification after mesoderm induction\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVEGFR-2\/KDR-positive progenitors, CD31+\/CD144+ endothelial cells\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25–100 ng\/mL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHemogenic endothelium\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVascular specification before endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCD34+\/CD144+ hemogenic endothelium, early HSPCs\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25–50 ng\/mL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVascular organoids and 3D models\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEndothelial specification and vessel-like network formation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVascular organoids, hydrogels, organoid vascularization\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25–100 ng\/mL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTissue engineering\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVascularization of engineered tissues\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eScaffolds, hydrogels, endothelial co-cultures, wound-healing models\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNot specified; optimize per system\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTumor angiogenesis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVEGF-dependent vascular responses in the tumor microenvironment\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVEGFR-2 phosphorylation, ERK\/MAPK and PI3K\/AKT, permeability\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNot specified; optimize per system\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlanning considerations\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTreat the suggested ranges as starting points; to repeat a published method, use the concentration, timing, basal medium and companion factors reported there.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn hPSC differentiation the timing of VEGF exposure matters as much as the concentration, because responsiveness changes with developmental stage.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCompanion factors depend on stage and lineage and may include BMP-4, Activin A, FGF-basic\/FGF2, EGF, SCF, FLT3 Ligand, TPO, IL-3 and IL-6.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOutcome also depends on cell state, extracellular matrix and culture conditions, so keep these constant when comparing conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eProtein Specifications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"bhp-spec-table\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eTarget\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVEGF-165\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eAlternative names\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVEGF-A165\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSpecies\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eExpression system\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHuman cells\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eStructure\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGlycosylated, disulfide-linked homodimer\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eProtein family\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePDGF family (cystine-knot growth factor)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eGene symbol\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eVEGFA\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eTag\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTag-free\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eAnimal origin\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAnimal-Free \/ Xeno-Free\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eMolecular weight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eApproximately 39–45 kDa as a glycosylated homodimer. Refer to the lot-specific Certificate of Analysis (CoA) for lot data.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003ePurity\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt;95% by SDS-PAGE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eEndotoxin level\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt;0.5 EU\/µg\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eFormulation\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLyophilized from a 0.2 µm-filtered solution in PBS without carrier protein\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eForm\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLyophilized\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eBiological activity\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStimulation of HUVEC proliferation\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eEC50\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e7.6–11.4 ng\/mL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eSuggested concentration\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEndothelial-cell culture: 5–25 ng\/mL; migration or tube-formation assays: 10–50 ng\/mL; hPSC endothelial differentiation: 25–100 ng\/mL; hemogenic-endothelium differentiation: 25–50 ng\/mL; vascular organoid or 3D culture: 25–100 ng\/mL (starting points for optimization)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eApplications\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eStem Cell Differentiation, Immunotherapy, Angiogenesis Assay, Cell Proliferation, Cell Migration, Hematopoietic Differentiation, 3D cell culture\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBiological Activity \u0026amp; Quality Control\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eActivity is determined as HUVEC proliferation in response to VEGF-165, giving an EC50 of 7.6–11.4 ng\/mL in the manufacturer's assay; the EC50 can shift with cell type, culture conditions, assay format and protocol. Each lot is tested for purity, endotoxin and biological activity before release.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLot-specific activity and purity data are provided on the Certificate of Analysis (CoA), available from BioHippo on request.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReconstitution\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBriefly centrifuge the vial before opening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReconstitute in sterile PBS containing 0.1% endotoxin-free recombinant human serum albumin.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMix gently until dissolved; do not vortex vigorously.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrepare single-use aliquots and avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChoose the final working concentration according to cell type, culture system, application and protocol.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStorage \u0026amp; Shipping\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable class=\"bhp-spec-table\"\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eStorage\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAs supplied: −20°C to −80°C for up to 12 months from receipt. After reconstitution: 2°C to 8°C for up to 1 month, or −20°C to −80°C for up to 3 months, under sterile conditions. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eShipping\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePlease contact us to confirm shipping conditions for this product.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSelected References\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLeung DW, Cachianes G, Kuang WJ, et al. (1989) Vascular endothelial growth factor is a secreted angiogenic mitogen. Science 246:1306-1309. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.2479986\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003e10.1126\/science.2479986\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTischer E, Mitchell R, Hartman T, et al. (1991) The human gene for vascular endothelial growth factor. Multiple protein forms are encoded through alternative exon splicing. J Biol Chem 266:11947-11954. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)99049-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003e10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)99049-6\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNeufeld G, Cohen T, Gengrinovitch S, et al. (1999) Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors. FASEB J 13:9-22. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fasebj.13.1.9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003e10.1096\/fasebj.13.1.9\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eByrne AM, Bouchier-Hayes DJ, Harmey JH (2005) Angiogenic and cell survival functions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). J Cell Mol Med 9:777-794. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2005.tb00379.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003e10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2005.tb00379.x\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSafety \u0026amp; Handling\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"bhp-warning-box\"\u003e\u003cp style=\"margin:0\"\u003eHandle as a laboratory reagent and consult the linked SDS before use. Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles of the reconstituted protein.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFor research use only. Not for diagnostic or therapeutic use.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"StemImmune LLC","offers":[{"title":"10 ug","offer_id":67641418940781,"sku":"HVG-VF5-0010","price":150.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":67641427001709,"sku":"HVG-VF5-0100","price":1195.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/VEGF165-500x500.png?v=1791572754","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/recombinant-human-vegf-165-protein-bhp22200009","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}