{"product_id":"recombinant-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-6-kda-early-secretory-antigenic-target-esxa-partial-bhp10512004","title":"Recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis 6 kDa early secretory antigenic target (esxA), partial","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eRecombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis 6 kDa early secretory antigenic target (esxA), partial is a recombinant protein preparation from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain ATCC 25618 \/ H37Rv) designed for use in assay development, binding studies, and functional characterization. Key attributes such as expression system, expressed region, and affinity tag(s) help researchers match the reagent to specific experimental readouts.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression system:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli expression is commonly used for rapid, scalable production. For targets that require glycosylation or other post-translational modifications, consider how a prokaryotic system may affect folding or activity.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression region:\u003c\/strong\u003e The expressed fragment (6-95aa) focuses the reagent on a defined domain\/segment, which can influence binding interfaces and epitope availability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag(s)\/format:\u003c\/strong\u003e His tags can support purification and detection in pull-down or binding assays; confirm that the tag position does not interfere with the interaction of interest.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e ≥90% (SDS-PAGE) provides a quick checkpoint for reagent quality in downstream analytical workflows.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eForm:\u003c\/strong\u003e Supplied as Liquid or Lyophilized powder; select the format that best fits your lab’s handling and aliquoting preferences.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eRecombinant design choices (expression host, fragment boundaries, and tag configuration) help balance yield, solubility, and assay compatibility. Choose conditions and controls that match the recombinant format to your experimental question.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eesxA\u003c\/strong\u003e has been reported to be involved in A secreted protein that plays a number of roles in modulating the host's immune response to infection as well as being responsible for bacterial escape into the host cytoplasm. Acts as a strong host (human) T-cell antigen. Inhibits IL-12 p40 (IL12B) and TNF-alpha expression by infected host (mouse) macrophages, reduces the nitric oxide response by about 75%. In mice previously exposed to the bacterium, elicits high level of IFN-gamma production by T-cells upon subsequent challenge by M.tuberculosis, in the first phase of a protective immune response. Higher levels (1.6-3.3 uM) of recombinant protein inhibit IFN-gamma production by host (human) T-cells and also IL-17 and TNF-alpha production but not IL-2; decreases expression of host ATF-2 and JUN transcription factors by affecting T-cell receptors signaling downstream of ZAP70, without cytotoxicity or apoptosis. EsxA inhibits IFN-gamma production in human T-cells by activating p38 MAPK (MAPK14), p38 MAPK is not responsible for IL-17 decrease. Binds host (mouse) Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and decreases host MYD88-dependent signaling; binding to TLR2 activates host kinase AKT and subsequently inhibits downstream activation of NF-kappa-B; the C-terminal 20 residues (76-95) are necessary and sufficient for the TLR2 inhibitory effect. Required for induction of host (human) IL-1B maturation and release by activating the host NLRP3\/ASC inflammasome; may also promote access of other tuberculosis proteins to the host cells cytoplasm. Induces IL-8 (CXCL8) expression in host (human) lung epithelial cells. Exogenously applied protein, or protein expressed in host (human and mouse), binds beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) and decreases its export to the cell surface, probably leading to defects in class I antigen presentation by the host cell. Responsible for mitochondrial fragmention, redistribution around the cell nucleus and decreased mitochondrial mass; this effect is not seen until 48 hours post-infection. Able to disrupt artificial planar bilayers in the absence of EsxB (CFP-10). Native protein binds artificial liposomes in the absence but not presence of EsxB and is able to rigidify and lyse them; the EsxA-EsxB complex dissociates at acidic pH, EsxB might serve as a chaperone to prevent membrane lysis. Recombinant protein induces leakage of phosphocholine liposomes at acidic pH in the absence of ExsB, undergoes conformational change, becoming more alpha-helical at acidic pH. The study using recombinant protein did not find dissociation of EsxA-EsxB complex at acidic pH. Involved in translocation of bacteria from the host (human) phagolysosome to the host cytoplasm. Translocation into host cytoplasm is visible 3 days post-infection using cultured human cells and precedes host cell death. Recombinant protein induces apoptosis in host (human) differentiated cell lines, which is cell-line dependent; bacteria missing the ESX-1 locus do not induce apoptosis. Host (human) cells treated with EsxA become permeable to extracellular dye. EsxA and EsxA-EsxB are cytotoxic to pneumocytes. ESX-1 secretion system-induced host (mouse) cell apoptosis, which is probably responsible for infection of new host cells, might be due to EsxA. EsxA induces necrosis in aged neutrophils. May help regulate assembly and function of the type VII secretion system (T7SS). EsxA disassembles pre-formed EccC-EsxB multimers, possibly by making EccC-EsxA-EsxB trimers instead of EccC-EsxB-EsxB-EccC tetramers. ; May be critical in pro-bacteria versus pro-host interactions; ESX-1 mediates DNA mediated export (maybe via EsxA). The DNA interacts with host (human) cGAS, leading to cGAMP production and activation of the host STING-TBK-1-IRF-3 signaling pathway that leads to IFN-beta which is thought to be 'pro-bacteria'. Mycobacterial dsDNA also interacts with AIM2-NLRP3-ASC to activate an inflammasome, leading to the 'pro-host' IL-1-beta.. When interpreting results, consider species context, domain architecture, and whether the recombinant format represents full-length or a defined region.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAntigen and virulence-factor studies that compare strain- or domain-specific binding and immune recognition.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse of recombinant proteins as standards for quantitative assays and serology-oriented method development.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBinding and interaction assays:\u003c\/strong\u003e quantify partner binding and rank conditions using plate-based formats or biophysical methods (SPR\/BLI).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEnzymology:\u003c\/strong\u003e assess catalytic activity and compare substrate preferences or inhibitor effects using appropriate controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAssay development:\u003c\/strong\u003e use as a standard, spike-in control, or positive control where consistent specifications are required.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpretation typically relies on relative comparisons (treated vs control, mutant vs wild-type, or dose\/time series) using consistent sample handling and appropriate normalization.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePost-translational modifications:\u003c\/strong\u003e expression system can affect glycosylation and processing; interpret differences cautiously when comparing to native protein.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIsoforms and domains:\u003c\/strong\u003e expressed regions may not capture all isoform-specific features; match fragment boundaries to your assay’s binding site.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eControls:\u003c\/strong\u003e include blank matrix controls, tag-only controls (where relevant), and orthogonal readouts (e.g., WB\/qPCR\/ELISA) to support interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt Knowledgebase entry for esxA — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/ - NCBI Gene for esxA — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/ - RCSB Protein Data Bank — RCSB PDB — https:\/\/www.rcsb.org\/ - PubMed (reviews and primary literature) — NCBI — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/ - Ensembl gene summary — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53059003973997,"sku":"CSB-EP358627MVZ-1MG","price":2466.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53059114893677,"sku":"CSB-EP358627MVZ-100UG","price":729.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20 ug","offer_id":53059114926445,"sku":"CSB-EP358627MVZ-20UG","price":388.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-EP358627MVZ-SDS.jpg?v=1772271128","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/recombinant-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-6-kda-early-secretory-antigenic-target-esxa-partial-bhp10512004","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}