{"product_id":"recombinant-phoneutria-nigriventer-omega-ctenitoxin-pn3a-bhp10510002","title":"Recombinant Phoneutria nigriventer Omega-ctenitoxin-Pn3a","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecombinant Phoneutria nigriventer Omega-ctenitoxin-Pn3a is a recombinant protein reagent derived from Phoneutria nigriventer (Brazilian armed spider) (Ctenus nigriventer) and produced in E.coli. It is commonly used to support Others research by enabling binding assays, assay development and protein–protein interaction studies in controlled in vitro settings.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpressed region:\u003c\/strong\u003e 40-115aa. Region selection can focus on functional domains, improve solubility, or isolate interaction surfaces for targeted studies.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression system:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli. Expression host can influence folding and the presence\/absence of post-translational modifications.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag \/ fusion:\u003c\/strong\u003e N-terminal 10xHis-tagged and C-terminal Myc-tagged. Tags can support purification and detection; evaluate potential tag effects when studying sensitive interactions.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular weight (reported):\u003c\/strong\u003e 15.8 kDa. Apparent size may vary with tags, processing, and gel conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen comparing results across batches or platforms, interpret signals in the context of construct design (region, tags) and expression host, especially for modification-dependent interactions.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePn3a refers to a protein target that is studied across multiple biological contexts; annotations and nomenclature can vary by species and isoform. This product corresponds to the Phoneutria nigriventer (Brazilian armed spider) (Ctenus nigriventer) sequence context, which can be important when comparing homologs or orthologs across model systems. For curated functional annotations, domains, and sequence features, consult primary databases (e.g., UniProt\/NCBI) and the recent literature for the specific organism and isoform.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eUsing recombinant proteins to enable quantitative binding measurements and reagent benchmarking.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStudying domain- and isoform-specific effects in pathway models and interaction networks.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eDeveloping robust, reproducible assays that connect molecular readouts to cellular phenotypes.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelevance:\u003c\/strong\u003e This toxin is a potent and practically irreversible antagonist of both Cav2.1\/CACNA1A and Cav2.2\/CACNA1B calcium channels, while it displays a partial and rapidly reversible block of Cav2.3\/CACNA1E calcium channels and no effect on Cav3\/CACNA1 calcium channels. Inhibits glutamate uptake from rat brain synaptosomes by an interaction between cysteines from both glutamate transporter and toxin. Blocks potassium-induced exocytosis of synaptic vesicles in brain cortical synaptosomes with an IC(50) of 1.1 nM. In mice, induces rapid general flaccid paralysis followed by death in 10-30 minutes at dose levels of 5 ug per mouse. In rat brain, inhibits glutamate release, neuronal death and loss of neurotransmission in the hippocampus resulting from ischemia.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAssay and standard development for immunoassays or binding-based detection methods.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eProtein–protein interaction studies (e.g., receptor–ligand or complex assembly) using purified components.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eStructure–function analysis, including domain mapping or evaluation of sequence variants.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn quantitative assay development, changes in binding or activity readouts are typically interpreted relative to appropriate negative\/positive controls and, where possible, orthogonal assay formats that support the same conclusion.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eRecombinant constructs may represent a defined region (domain) rather than the full-length protein; interpret results in the context of the expressed region.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eTag or fusion elements can aid purification and detection but may influence binding surfaces or oligomerization; consider tag controls when relevant.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSpecies and isoform differences can affect interaction partners and post-translational modifications; align experimental controls to the intended biological context.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eE. coli expression can limit eukaryotic post-translational modifications; for modification-dependent biology, interpret results accordingly.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB entry for P81790 — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P81790\/entry - PubMed search (Pn3a) — NCBI — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Pn3a - Reactome Pathway Browser — Reactome — https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - Ensembl genome browser — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53065307488621,"sku":"CSB-EP305462EUV-1MG","price":2466.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53065464807789,"sku":"CSB-EP305462EUV-100UG","price":729.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20 ug","offer_id":53065464840557,"sku":"CSB-EP305462EUV-20UG","price":388.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-EP305462EUV-SDS.jpg?v=1772476528","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/recombinant-phoneutria-nigriventer-omega-ctenitoxin-pn3a-bhp10510002","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}