{"product_id":"recombinant-rat-leptin-lep-bhp10515824","title":"Recombinant Rat Leptin (Lep)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eRecombinant Rat Leptin (Lep) is a recombinant protein preparation derived from Rattus norvegicus (Rat). It is commonly used as a defined reagent for assay development, binding studies, and analytical controls where consistent protein specifications are required.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpressed region:\u003c\/strong\u003e 22-167aa.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpression system:\u003c\/strong\u003e E.coli (may influence folding and post-translational modifications).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTag\/format:\u003c\/strong\u003e C-terminal 6xHis-tagged; Liquid or Lyophilized powder.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eExpected size:\u003c\/strong\u003e 23.1 kDa (as provided).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eRegion choice, expression system, and tag\/format can influence folding, post-translational modifications, and interaction behavior in downstream assays.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey player in the regulation of energy balance and body weight control. Once released into the circulation, has central and peripheral effects by binding LEPR, found in many tissues, which results in the activation of several major signaling pathways. In the hypothalamus, acts as an appetite-regulating factor that induces a decrease in food intake and an increase in energy consumption by inducing anorexinogenic factors and suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides, also regulates bone mass and secretion of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal hormones. In the periphery, increases basal metabolism, influences reproductive function, regulates pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin secretion, is pro-angiogenic for endothelial cell and affects innate and adaptive immunity. In the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, activates by depolarization POMC neurons inducing FOS and SOCS3 expression to release anorexigenic peptides and inhibits by hyperpolarization NPY neurons inducing SOCS3 with a consequent reduction on release of orexigenic peptides. In addition to its known satiety inducing effect, has a modulatory role in nutrient absorption. In the intestine, reduces glucose absorption by enterocytes by activating PKC and leading to a sequential activation of p38, PI3K and ERK signaling pathways which exerts an inhibitory effect on glucose absorption. Acts as a growth factor on certain tissues, through the activation of different signaling pathways increases expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation such as CCND1, via JAK2-STAT3 pathway, or VEGFA, via MAPK1\/3 and PI3K-AKT1 pathways. May also play an apoptotic role via JAK2-STAT3 pathway and up-regulation of BIRC5 expression. Pro-angiogenic, has mitogenic activity on vascular endothelial cells and plays a role in matrix remodeling by regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). In innate immunity, modulates the activity and function of neutrophils by increasing chemotaxis and the secretion of oxygen radicals. Increases phagocytosis by macrophages and enhances secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators. Increases cytotoxic ability of NK cells (Probable). Plays a pro-inflammatory role, in synergy with IL1B, by inducing NOS2 which promotes the production of IL6, IL8 and Prostaglandin E2, through a signaling pathway that involves JAK2, PI3K, MAP2K1\/MEK1 and MAPK14\/p38. In adaptive immunity, promotes the switch of memory T-cells towards T helper-1 cell immune responses. Increases CD4(+)CD25(-) T-cell proliferation and reduces autophagy during TCR (T-cell receptor) stimulation, through MTOR signaling pathway activation and BCL2 up-regulation\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDomain- and isoform-aware assay design to improve biological interpretation across model systems.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuantitative workflows emphasizing calibration standards, spike-in controls, and cross-lot comparability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn vitro binding\/kinetics profiling (SPR\/BLI) to connect biochemical interactions with cellular phenotypes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrepare aliquots of Lep for reproducible in vitro assays (minimize freeze–thaw).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse Lep as a calibration standard in quantitative assays (standard curve setup).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMeasure binding interactions to Lep by SPR\/BLI (kinetic profiling in vitro).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGenerate antibodies to Lep and benchmark specificity in ELISA\/WB (control samples).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpret results in the context of the biological system, assay format, and any known domain\/isoform constraints for the target.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsider species- and isoform-specific differences when comparing results across models or homologs.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFor quantitative assays, include appropriate negative controls and matrix-matched spike-in concepts to assess non-specific signal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProtKB entry (P50596) — UniProt: https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/P50596 - NCBI Gene search (Lep) — NCBI: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=Lep - PubMed search — NLM: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Lep - Reactome pathway browser — Reactome: https:\/\/reactome.org\/ - InterPro protein family resource — EMBL-EBI: https:\/\/www.ebi.ac.uk\/interpro\/ --\u003e","brand":"CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 mg","offer_id":53059298132333,"sku":"CSB-EP012870RA-1MG","price":2062.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 ug","offer_id":53059439559021,"sku":"CSB-EP012870RA-100UG","price":480.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20 ug","offer_id":53059439591789,"sku":"CSB-EP012870RA-20UG","price":256.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/CSB-EP012870RA-SDS.jpg?v=1772280341","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/recombinant-rat-leptin-lep-bhp10515824","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}