{"product_id":"spag16-antibody-sperm-associated-antigen-16-bha17135361","title":"SPAG16 Antibody \/ Sperm-associated antigen 16","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eSPAG16 Antibody \/ Sperm-associated antigen 16 is a anti-SPAG16 Rabbit antibody Polyclonal (rabbit origin) supplied in Lyophilized format. Recommended for workflows such as Western blot (WB), Flow cytometry (FACS), ELISA with listed reactivity in Human, Mouse, Rat.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTarget:\u003c\/strong\u003e SPAG16\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody details:\u003c\/strong\u003e Rabbit, Polyclonal (rabbit origin), isotype Rabbit IgG\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFormat:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilized\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eApplications (as listed):\u003c\/strong\u003e WB, FACS, ELISA\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eSPAG16 antibody recognizes Sperm-associated antigen 16, a structural and regulatory protein essential for the function of motile cilia and sperm flagella. SPAG16 is a component of the central apparatus of the axoneme, where it contributes to the coordination of dynein-driven motility. The SPAG16 antibody is widely used in studies of ciliogenesis, flagellar motility, and reproductive biology, as well as in research on primary ciliary dyskinesia and male infertility.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSPAG16 is encoded by the SPAG16 gene on human chromosome 2q34. Two main isoforms are produced: SPAG16L (long form), expressed predominantly in the testis and required for sperm motility, and SPAG16S (short form), expressed in ciliated tissues such as the trachea and ependyma. The long isoform localizes to the axonemal central pair microtubule complex, while the short isoform resides in the nucleus where it regulates gene transcription during spermatogenesis. Both isoforms are evolutionarily conserved, reflecting a fundamental role in ciliary function across species.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eResearch employing the SPAG16 antibody has identified the protein as critical for maintaining the integrity of the central apparatus in motile cilia. Knockout or mutation of Spag16 in mouse models results in male infertility, impaired ciliary beating, and hydrocephalus due to defective cerebrospinal fluid flow. Western blot analysis typically detects bands ranging from 70�95 kDa, depending on isoform and tissue type. Immunofluorescence reveals localization along flagella and cilia, consistent with its axonemal function.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSPAG16 interacts with other axonemal proteins such as SPAG6, SPAG17, and components of the radial spoke complex, forming an essential molecular network for rhythmic ciliary movement. Its nuclear isoform (SPAG16S) regulates expression of genes required for sperm maturation and differentiation.\u003c\/div\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConnecting protein-level changes to phenotype using orthogonal readouts (genetic perturbation, transcriptomics, imaging).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConsidering isoforms and post-translational regulation when interpreting protein-level changes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComparing results across species and model systems with matched controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWestern blotting:\u003c\/strong\u003e compare relative abundance and activation-state changes across conditions.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFlow cytometry:\u003c\/strong\u003e quantify target-positive populations and signal shifts at single-cell resolution.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eELISA:\u003c\/strong\u003e support antibody-based quantification in assay formats where applicable.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpret changes in signal alongside appropriate controls and, when relevant, in parallel with total-protein or pathway readouts.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSignal can reflect expression level, isoform composition, and post-translational state; interpret results in the context of your model system and stimuli.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecies differences and sample matrices can influence epitope recognition; prioritize matched controls and orthogonal confirmation when feasible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAntibody notes:\u003c\/strong\u003e Polyclonal antibodies recognize multiple epitopes, which can broaden the epitope footprint and may increase sensitivity in some contexts.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt search — UniProt — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb?query=SPAG16 - NCBI Gene search — NCBI — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/?term=SPAG16 - Ensembl search — Ensembl — https:\/\/www.ensembl.org\/Multi\/Search\/Results?q=SPAG16 - Human Protein Atlas search — HPA — https:\/\/www.proteinatlas.org\/search\/SPAG16 - PubMed (review) — NLM — https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=SPAG16+review --\u003e","brand":"NSJ Bioreagents","offers":[{"title":"Adding 0.2 ml of distilled water will yield a concentration of 500 ug\/ml \/ 100 ug","offer_id":53047288037741,"sku":"FY12458","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/get_image_b342ec0a-4f51-4eaf-a4c9-c8190b888d30.jpg?v=1782236992","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/spag16-antibody-sperm-associated-antigen-16-bha17135361","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}