{"product_id":"tak-044-bhp21300118","title":"TAK-044","description":"\u003ch2\u003eOverview\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTAK-044\u003c\/strong\u003e is a research-grade protein\/peptide reagent (2-[(2R,5S,8S,11S,14S,17R)-8-(carboxymethyl)-17-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-14-(2-methylpropyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18-hexaoxo-5-[2-oxo-2-(4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)ethyl]-11-thiophen-2-yl-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexazacyclooctadec-2-yl]acetic acid) used in research settings. It is commonly applied as a tool reagent related to \u003cstrong\u003eEndothelin receptors\u003c\/strong\u003e biology and\/or assay development. It is supplied in Lyophilized format to support flexible downstream use in RUO workflows. Researchers commonly pair it with applications such as ETB assay, Calcium imaging assay.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKey elements and design rationale\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular identity:\u003c\/strong\u003e CAS: 157380-72-8, MW: 927 Da, Formula: C45H51N9O11S.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSource \/ origin:\u003c\/strong\u003e Synthetic peptide.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eQuality attributes:\u003c\/strong\u003e Purity: ≥98% (HPLC); Bioassay tested: Yes; Sterile \/ endotoxin-free: No.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch3\u003eModifications\u003c\/h3\u003e \u003cp\u003eX = D-(2-thienyl)glycine Tryptophan and aspartic acid-4 are in the D-isomer. Aspartic acid-2 is modified with the group α-amino-γ-oxo-4-phenyl-1-piperazinebutanoyl.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen used as a biochemical or pharmacological tool, results are best interpreted relative to the experimental system (species, expression level, and assay readout) and with appropriate negative and competition-style controls where relevant. This product is intended for research use only.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBiological background\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTAK-044 is a synthetic peptide that acts as a non-selective ET-B (endothelin B) and ET-A (endothelin A) receptor antagonist, receptors that belong to the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. In a study conducted on rats the compound showed high inhibitory effects on the extension of myocardial infarct size after coronary artery occlusion-reperfusion1. TAK-044 inhibits radiolabelled ET-1 binding from the rabbit ventricular and cerebellar preparation with an IC50 value of 3.8 nM and 130 nM, respectively1.Endothelin receptors include two subtypes: ET-A and ET-B. ET-A receptors are predominantly detected in peripheral tissues, especially in vascular smooth muscle tissues to mediate vasoconstriction. They are also present in several regions of the brain. ET-B receptors play an important role in regulating renal function and blood pressure and are expressed in sensory nerves. They are mainly present in medium- and large-sized cell bodies of human trigeminal ganglia2,3.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch relevance and current trends\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eUsing high-specificity ligands, toxins, and engineered peptides to dissect closely related receptor\/channel subtypes and signaling microdomains.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePairing labeled (e.g., fluorescent) proteins\/peptides with advanced imaging to map surface expression, trafficking, and nanoscale organization.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreasing emphasis on reproducibility through standardized characterization (identity, purity, and lot QC) and transparent reporting of reagent attributes.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCommon research applications\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eETB assay: commonly used to compare signal, binding, or functional readouts across conditions without implying a specific protocol.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCalcium imaging assay: commonly used to compare signal, binding, or functional readouts across conditions without implying a specific protocol.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcross these use cases, changes in signal or functional readout are generally interpreted as evidence of differences in target abundance, accessibility, or engagement, but alternative explanations (matrix effects, off-target interactions, or assay artifacts) should be considered.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003ch2\u003eNotes for experimental interpretation\u003c\/h2\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eAssay context matters: binding assays, functional modulation, and detection workflows can yield different readouts even for the same target system.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTarget complexity: closely related family members, splice variants, and post-translational modifications can influence apparent specificity and potency.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMatrix and sample effects: buffer composition, detergents, and biological matrices may alter stability or apparent activity; interpret with appropriate controls.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eControl concepts: include negative controls and orthogonal validation (e.g., genetic perturbation or alternative reagents) to support robust interpretation.\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e \u003c!-- Sources (internal): - UniProt Knowledgebase (UniProtKB) — UniProt Consortium — https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/ - NCBI Gene — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene\/ - NCBI Protein — National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/protein\/ - PubChem — NIH\/NLM\/NCBI — https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/ - IUPHAR\/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — IUPHAR\/BPS — https:\/\/www.guidetopharmacology.org\/ - RCSB Protein Data Bank (PDB) — RCSB PDB — https:\/\/www.rcsb.org\/ - NCBI Bookshelf — NIH\/NLM — https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/ --\u003e","brand":"Alomone Labs","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53073012097389,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0949\/7424\/7277\/files\/TAK-044_30c1e545-6b14-4009-b5ea-c6b5ca0340a5_175.gif?v=1772699879","url":"https:\/\/www.ebiohippo.com\/products\/tak-044-bhp21300118","provider":"BioHippo","version":"1.0","type":"link"}